For questions 1-5 choose the most appropriate answer (A, B, C or D)

ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ (1курс ПП, 2 семестр)

I. READING COMPREHENSION TEST.

Pet cats.

For questions 1-5 choose the most appropriate answer (A, B, C or D).

Did you know that if you want your pet cat to live as long as possible you should choose an ordinary female cat, keep a close eye on her in spring and summer, and make sure that she is not black, or black and white? It has been discovered that male cats wander further from home, and of the large number of cats killed on the roads in spring and summer, a surprisingly high percentage are black or black and white.

Did you know, too, that domestic cats regard their owners as fellow members of the cat family and make more sounds to us than they do to other cats when living in groups? They have worked out that we communicate by sound – and so learn a vocabulary we will understand to get their message over.

The way cats have learned to live with, and be looked after by, man, without losing their hunting and killing abilities or their mental independence, is a good reason for studying them, some scientists say.

A study of the suburban cat in Barking in Essex showed that outside the home they adopted the same hunting and exploring habits as wild cats. The female cats covered a territory limited to house and garden, while male cats travelled over an area ten times as large.

Though many people think the opposite, a cat is very practical about defending its territory. Its attitude depends on its confidence about the cat it faces, following the experience of its previous meetings. Females and young males often hide when fierce adult males turn up on their territory.

Female cats seem to feel no tension between their affectionate relationships with humans and their life ‘in the wild’. It is the male cats which occasionally show signs of anxiety indicating that they are suffering from restrain.

1. Why do cats make a wider range of sounds when communicating with people?

A. They are used to doing this with other cats.

B. They are taught to do so by their owners.

C. They are copying human behavior.

D. They wish to be considered human beings.

2. Why are domestic cats of special interest to scientists?

A. They are fierce and clever hunters.

B. They have been domesticated for a very long time.

C. The have lost all traces of wild behavior.

D. They lead both wild and domesticated lives.

3. In what ways are wild cats and domestic cats alike?

A. They cover a wide territory.

B. They tend to fight.

C. They hunt and explore.

D. They like to be alone.

4. When on their own territory cats …

A. … hide from all strange cats.

B. … allow only familiar cats to cross.

C. … chase larger cats.

D. … allow fiercer cats to cross.

5. Compared with female cats, male cats tend to …

A. … be mostly black or black and white.

B. … show less affection to humans.

C. … hunt more successfully.

D. … suffer more frequently from nervous strain.

The Human Brain.

For questions 1-5 choose the most appropriate answer (A, B, C or D).

The human brain, with an average weight of 1.4 kilograms, is the control centre of the body. It receives information from the senses, processes the information, and rapidly sends out responses; it also stores the information that is the source of human thoughts and feelings. Each of the three main parts of the brain – the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem – has its own role in carrying out these functions

The cerebrum is by far the largest of the three parts, taking up 85 percent of the brain by weight. The outside layer of the cerebrum, the cerebral cortex, is a grooved and bumpy surface covering the nerve cells beneath. The various sections of the cerebrum are the sensory cortex, which is responsible for receiving and decoding sensory messages from throughout the body;

the motor cortex, which sends action instructions to the skeletal muscles; and the association cortex, which receives, monitors, and process information. It is in the association cortex that the processes that allow humans to think take place.

The cerebellum, located below the cerebrum in the back part of the skull, is made of masses of bunched up nerve cells. It is the cerebellum that controls human balance, coordination, and posture.

The brain stem, which connects the cerebrum and the spinal cord, controls various body processes such as breathing and heartbeat. It is the major motor and sensory pathway connecting the body and the cerebrum.

1. What is the author’s main purpose?

A. To describe the functions of the parts of the brain.

B. To explain how the brain processes information.

C. To demonstrate the physical composition of the brain.

D. To give examples of human body functions.

2. The word “stores” in line 3 is closest in meaning to …

A. shops

B. processes

C. releases

D. stockpiles

3. The passage states that the most massive part of the brain is the …

A. cerebrum

B. cerebellum

C. cerebral cortex

D. brain stem

4. The expression “grooved and bumpy” in line 7 means that the cerebral cortex is …

A. smooth

B. rigid

C. layered

D. ridged

5. The sensory cortex …

A. senses that messages should be sent out to the muscles.

B. … provides a surface covering for nerve cells.

C. …is where the human process of thinking occurs.

D. …receives and processes information from the senses.

II. GRAMMAR TEST.

Choose the correct item.

1. Something extremely strange ………. yesterday while we were out jogging.

A. was happened B. happened C. has been happening D. has happened

2. Don’t interrupt me ………. I’m talking.

A. while B. by the time C. until D. after

3. More and more people ………. into old age and it’s a serious social problem.

A. live B. are living C. have been living D. have lived

4. She said she ………. to me but she didn’t.

A. will have written B. will write C. would have written D. would write

5. How long did you say you ………. these pills?

A. take B. are taking C. have taken D. have been taking

6. I ………. busy since we last met.

A. am B. have been C. was D. had been

7. Did he say whether ………. lend you the money or not?

A. could he B. can he C. he could D. he

8. Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in America, . ………. in 1607.

A. was established B. it was founded C. founded D. colonists arrived there

9. I’m not hungry. I’ve eaten three sandwiches ………. .

A. yesterday B. two hours ago C. at two o’clock D. today

10. Oh, there’s no tea? OK then. I ………. some orange juice.

A. am going to have B. will have C. will be having D. am having

11. If we don’t hurry, all the tickets ………. by the time we get there.

A. are sold B. will sell C. will be sold D. will have been sold

12. For the past few days I have been working in Jack’s office, as my own office …

A. was redecorated B. is redecorated C. is being redecorated

D. has been redecorated

13. That’s Christine’s mother over there, isn’t ………. ?

A. that B. her C. she D. it

14. We ………. by Mrs. Jones for five years before she returned to her own country.

A. taught B. have been taught C. had been taught D. were taught

15. The entire coastline will be covered by smog tomorrow unless something ……

to clean up the air.

A. will be done B. is done C. is being done D. will have been done