Reading chemical compound formulae

And chemical reaction equations

Цифра перед обозначением элемента указывает число молекул; 2MnO₂, например, читается следующим образом: [´tu: ´mɔlɪkju:lz əv ´em´en´ou´tu:].

Знаки + и –, стоящие в левом верхнем углу, обозначают положительную и отрицательную валентность иона:

H⁺ – hydrogen ion [´haɪdrɪʤən ´aɪən] или univalent positive hydrogen ion [ˌju:nɪ´veɪlənt ´pɔzətɪv ´haɪdrɪʤən ´aɪən]

Cu⁺⁺ – divalent positive cuprum ion [ˌdaɪ ´veɪlənt ´pɔzətɪv ´kju:prəm ´aɪən]

Al⁺⁺⁺ – trivalent positive aluminium ion [ˌtraɪveɪlənt ´pɔzətɪv ˌælju´mɪnjəm ´aɪən]

Cl^– – negative chlorine ion [´negətɪv ´klɔ:ri:n ´aɪən] or negative univalent chlorine ion.

Знак — или : обозначает одну связь и не читается:

..

:Cl: Cl

..

:Cl: C :Cl: or Cl— C —Cl [´si: ´si: ´el ´f ɔ:]

..

:Cl: Cl

..

Знак = или :: обозначает две связи и также не читается:

.. .. ..

: O :: C :: O : or O=C=O [´si: ´ou ´tu:]

.. ..

Знак + читается: plus, and или together with

Знак = читается: give или form

Знак – читается: give, pass over to или lead to

Знак читается: forms или is formed from

Examples

1) 4HCl + O₂ = 2Cl₂ + 2H₂O [´fɔ: ´mɔlɪkju:lz əv ´eɪʧ ´sɪ ´el ´plʌs ´ou ´tu: ´ gɪv ´tu: ´mɔlɪkju:lz əv ´si: ´el ´tu: ənd ´tu: ´mɔlɪkju:lz əv ´eɪʧ ´tu: ´ou]

2) H₂+J₂ 2HJ [´eɪʧ ´tu: ´plʌs ´ʤeɪ ´tu: ´fɔ:m ´tu: ´mɔlɪkju:lz əv ´eɪʧ ´ʤeɪ] or [´eɪʧ ´tu: ´plʌs ´ʤeɪ ´tu: ´fɔ:md frəm ´tu: ´mɔlɪkju:lz əv ´eɪʧ ´ʤeɪ]

3) H

|

H—C—H [´si: ´eɪʧ ´fɔ:]

|

H

Приложение 10

Latin abbreviations and expressions

Latin abbreviations:

cf.	confer	compare	i.e./ie	id est	that is
e.g./eg	exempli gratia	for example	N.B./NB	nota bene	note well
etc.	et cetera	and the rest	v.s./vs./vs	versus	against
ib./ibid.	ibidem	in the same place	viz.	Videlicet	namely

Latin (derived) expressions:

ad hoc	for this special object	ipso facto	by the fact itself
ad hominem	to the man	mutatis mutandis	with the necessary changes
ad infinitum	to infinity	par excellence	preeminently
alter ego	another self	per se / Se	itself
alter idem	another exactly the same	prima-facie	at a first view
ceteris paribus	other things being equal	reductio ad absurdum	a reducing to the limit
inter alia	among other things	sine qua non	an indispensable condition
in toto	entirely

Приложение 11

Escaping jargon: “words and expressions to avoid”

Jargon	Preferred Usage	Jargon	P referred Usage
a majority of	most	it is suggested that	I think
a number of	many	it is worth pointing out	note that
accounted for by the fact	because	it may be that	I think
along the lines of	like	it may, however, be noted that	but
be of the same opinion	agree	lacked the ability to	couldn’t
as a consequence of	because	large in size	large
as a matter of fact	in fact	of great theoretical and practical importance	useful
as is the case	as happens	on account of	because
at an earlier date	previously	on behalf of	for
at the present time	now	on the basis of	by
based on the fact that	because	on the grounds that	since, because
by means of	by, with	on the part of	by, among, for
completely full	full	owing to the fact that	since, because
definitely proved	proved	perform	do
despite the fact that	although	pooled together	pooled
due to the fact that	because	prior to	before
during the course of	during, while	quite unique	unique
end result	result	rather interesting	interesting
fabricate	make	red in color	red
fewer in number	fewer	referred to as	called
first of all	first	relative to	about
for the reason that	since, because	smaller in size	smaller
give rise to	cause	subsequent to	after
has the capability of	can	sufficient	enough
in a number of cases	some	take into consideration	consider
in a position to	can, may	terminate	end
in a satisfactory manner	satisfactorily	the great majority of	most
in a very real sense	in a sense	the question as to whether	whether
in case	if	there is reason to believe	I think
in close proximity	close, near	through the use of	by, with
in connection with	about, concerning	ultimate	last
in order to	to	utilize	use
in relation to	toward, to	was the opinion that	believed
in respect to	about	ways and means	ways, means (not both)
in some cases	sometimes	we wish to thank	we thank
in terms of	about	whether or not	whether
in the event that	if	with a view to	to
in the possession of	has, have	with reference to	about
in view of	because, since	with regard to	concerning, about
inasmuch as	for, as	with respect to	about
initiate	begin, start	with the possible exception of	except
is defined as	is	with the result that	so that
it has been reported by F	F reported	it is apparent that	apparently
it has long been known	I haven’t bothered to look up the reference	it is believed that	I think
it is clear that	clearly	it is of interest to note	(leave out)
it is doubtful that	possibly	it is often the case that	often

Приложение 12