Контрольно-тренировочные упражнения. Упражнение 1.Прочтите слова, обращая внимание на тип слога:
Упражнение 1.Прочтите слова, обращая внимание на тип слога:
blame, melt, be, had, five, my, run, bite, best, spoke, stock, hill, meet, cut, send, bed, style, side, plan, miss, bitter, typist, nut, use, us, plane, lake, lye, fat, biter, better, mist, six, style, tube, such, dust, lunch, tube, space, bottle, rise, raze, symbol, mutton, vote, office, luck, bad, long, no, note, just, club, shelf, summer, subject, pencil.
Упражнение 2. Напишите следующие существительные во множественном числе.
Box, sheep, place, library, photo, mouse, lady, glasses, bush, dress, country, bus, party, wife, day, knife, knowledge, month, pen, hero, goose, company, lite, deer, tomato, city, man, play, news, child, fruit, shelf, leaf, foot, fish, woman, money, information.
Упражнение 3. Выразите принадлежность одного предмета другому, заменив сочетание с предлогом «of» формой притяжательного падежа существительного, где это возможно.
Образец. the name of the boy ‑ the boy's name.
1. the picture of the girl. 2. the number of the bus. 3. the house of Nick's parents. 4. the right arm of the girl. 5. the comer of the room. 6. . a dress of a woman. 7. the mother of Mary and Kate. 8. the fathers of Pete and Nick. 9. the children of my sister Helen. 10. the colour of the walls. 11. the legs of the table. 12. the desk of the teacher.
Упражнение 4. Вставьте артикли a, an, the где они необходимы.
1. This is ... pencil ... pencil is red. 2. She is ... manager. 3. There are ... many flowers in your garden ... flowers are beautiful. 4. Did you write ... plan? Give me your... plan, please. 5. ... Black Sea is in ... South of Russia. 6. ... Petrovs are very friendly. 7. This is ... Ann's book. 8. What ... fine day it is today! 9. I don’t know ... way to ... station. 10. Usually I get up at ... 7 o’clock in ... morning. 11. Will you have ... cup of ... tea? 12. ... Warsaw is ... capital of Poland.
Упражнение 5. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степень от следующих прилагательных и наречий.
1. large, tall, long, easy, hot, big, cold, nice, bad, strong, short, wide, good, happy, high, low, busy, well, little, many, far.
2. wonderful, necessary, quickly, interesting, comfortable, popular, active, famous, pleasant, beautiful, slowly, clearly.
Упражнение 6. Раскройте скобки, употребив нужную степень сравнения прилагательного/наречия.
1. Winter is (cold) season of the year. 2. Moscow is (large) than St. Petersburg. 3. Which is (long) day of the year? 4. The Alps are (high) mountains in Europe. 5. Even (long) day has an end. 6. It is one of (important) questions of our conference. 7. Your English is (good) now. 8. Who knows him (well) than you? 9. We have (little) interest in this work than you. 10. Health is (good) than wealth. 11. He worked (well) of all. 12. Today he worked (slowly) than usually. 13. The Russian grammar is (difficult) than the English one.
Упражнение 7. Завершите предложение. Используйте me/us/him/her/it/them.
1. Who is that woman? Why are you looking at........her....... ?
2. ‘Do you know that man?’ ‘Yes, I work with........................
3. I’m talking to you. Please listen to........................
4. These photographs are nice. Do you want look at........................
5. I like that camera. I’m going to buy.....................
6. Where are the tickets? I can’t find.......................
7. We’re going out. You can come with........................
8. Idon’t like dogs. I’m afraid of........................
9. Where is she? I want to talk to....................:...
10. Those apples are bad. Don’t eat.......................
Упражнение 8. Заполните пропуски притяжательными местоимениями, соответствующими личным местоимениям, данным в скобках:
1) (Не) ... composition is very interesting.
2) (We) ... son goes to school.
3) (You) ... sister is young.
4) (They) ... knowledge of the subject is very poor.
5) (He) ... name is John.
6) (I) ... family lives in Kiev.
7) (She) ... friends often visit her.
Упражнение 9. Употребите нужную форму притяжательных местоимений:
1) Would you like to see some of (her, hers) poems?
2) (Their, theirs) knowledge of the subject is not much superior to (our, ours).
3) You take care of (your, yours) things and I'll take care of (my, mine).
4) All (our, ours) clothes were dirty, and (my, mine) especially so.
5) (Their, theirs) boat was faster than (our, ours).
6) I'm afraid they will take (your, yours) word against (her, hers).
7) (Their, theirs) home is pretty but (our, ours) is prettier.
Упражнение 10. Заполните пропуски указательными местоимениями this, that, these, those:
1) All ... is very interesting.
2) ... exercises are very easy.
3) ... will do.
4) ... chair is very, comfortable.
5) ... is my English book.
6) Try one of ... .
7) ... are the TV sets of the latest type.
8) ... office at the end of the hall is the administration office.
9) ... books are over there on the table.
Упражнение 11. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:
Образец: John goes there twice a week.
Does John go there twice a week? John doesn't go there twice a week.
1) He knows French perfectly.
2) I understand everything he says.
3) She makes mistakes in spelling.
4) They enjoy their English lessons.
5) They live in Kiev.
6) We use our books in class.
7) The plane leaves at ten o'clock.
8) She always comes to class late.
9) I always take the same bus to work.
Упражнение 12. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:
Образец: Не prepared his lesson well.
Did he prepare his lesson well? He didn't prepare his lesson well.
1) They stayed in Moscow all summer. 2) She planned her work well. 3) The crowd waited a long time to see the famous actor. 4) He worked in that Institute for many years. 5) We arrived home late. 6) He entered this class in April. 7) Ann passed all her examinations. 8) The meeting lasted a long time. 9) They travelled there by train. 10) She decided to write a letter to her parents at home.
Упражнение 13. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:
Образец: They will arrive at three o'clock. Will they arrive at three o'clock? They won't arrive at three o'clock.
1) They will return in October.
2) These exercises will be easy for you.
3) He will be able to meet us later.
4) Our drama society will present a new play this year.
5) The lesson will be over at twelve o'clock.
6) There will be three new students in the class.
7) She will leave a message on the table for him.
8) They will write to us on Wednesday.
9) We shall take the children to the park.
Упражнение 14. Ответь на следующие вопросы.
1. Where do you study? 2. Did you live in the hostel last year? 3. Will you take part in the conference? 4. When will you pass your entrance examinations? 5. Where does your friend study? 6. Do your parents work at a plant? 7. Did you go to the theatre yesterday? 8. When did you finish school? 9. Do you often see your school-friend?
Упражнение 15. Поставь глаголы в скобках в Present, Past или Future Indefinite Tense.
A. 1. We always (to consult) a dictionary when we (to translate) texts. 2. We (to take part) in a sport competition last Sunday 3. My friend (to pass) entrance examinations to the University last month. 4. He (to study) at the Law Department now. 5. He (to graduate) from the University in five years and will become a lawyer. 6. The students (to come) to the lectures every day. 7. We (not to go) to the country this Sunday.
B. 1. When he (to graduate) from the University, he will become a good specialist. 2. If you (to prepare) the report in time, you will take part in the conference. 3. When I (to be) 18, I (to take).
Упражнение 16. Вставьте глаголы to be, to have в нужной форме.
1. He... born in 1985. 2. We... a lot of work yesterday. 3. We... many customers abroad. 4. He... a good experience in advertising. 5. Who... absent from work yesterday? 6. He ... a manager. 7. What... he? 8.... he a good manager ? 9. These ... your job rsponsibilities. 10. Where ... this book? It... on the table. 11. What... their names? 12. You... a skilled supervisor in a month. 13. What... you? 14. How... she? 15. How... you? I... fine.
Упражнение 17. Поставьте to be в нужной форме.
1. There ... a telegram on the table. 2. ... there any telegrams from Moscow? ‑ Yes, there ... some. 3. ... there ... a flight for Moscow tomorrow? ‑ Yes, there ... . 4.There ... much snow last winter. 5. There ... a lot of stars and planets in space. 6. ... there... a lift in your future house? ‑ Yes, there ... . 7. Some years ago there ... many old houses in our street. 8. ... there many customers yesterday? No, there ... . 9. ... there a lamp over the table? ‑ Yes, there ... .
Упражнение 18. Употребите оборот there is (are) в следующих предложениях. Переведите их нa русский язык:
1) ... a new moon tonight.
2) ... someone at the door.
3) ... a lot of students absent today.
4) ... three lamps in the room.
5) ... two large windows in the room.
6) But ... only one door.
7) ... a lot of English classes in our school.
8) ... nobody in the room now.
9) ... no one at home.
10) ... twelve months in a year.
11) ... a letter for you on the table.
12) ... several beautiful parks in this city.
Упражнение 19. Трансформируй предложение из активного залога в пассивный.
1. The speaker stressed the importance of the Congress. 2. This actor will play the part of Hamlet. 3. The students have learnt a lot of new English words. 4. The director himself answered the phone. 5. Somebody recommended me to see that doctor. 6. They had eaten all the dinner before they finished the conversation. 7. Somebody has locked the box and I cannot open it. 8. Our friends are making special preparations.
Упражнение 20. Трансформируй предложение из пассивного залога в активный.
1. The student was asked to tell the story once again. 2. Moscow is very much admired by the visitors. 3. «King Lear» can be successfully performed by a group of amateurs. 4. The meal is being prepared now. 5. Many valuable paintings were destroyed by the fire. 6. Light and heat are given to us by the sun. 7. The question hasn't been answered properly.
Контрольная работа № 1
1. Прочитайте текст и письменно ответьте по-английски на вопросы, следующие за текстом.
2. Выпишите из текста существительные в единственном числе и поставьте их во множественном числе.
3. Выпишите из текста предложные конструкции с предлогом of и переведите их на русский язык. Замените существительные с предлогом of существительными в притяжательном падеже.
4. Выпишите из текста прилагательные и наречия, переведите их на русский язык и образуйте степени сравнения.
5. Найдите в тексте и переведите на русский язык предложения, в которых употреблены местоимения. Укажите к какой группе они относятся (личные, притяжательные, указательные, вопросительные, относительные).
6. Выпишите из текста все неправильные глаголы, запишите их основные формы и переведите их на русский язык.
7. Выпишите из текста предложения в Present Indefinite и переведите их на русский язык. Напишите эти предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах.
8. Выпишите из текста предложения в Past или Future Indefinite и переведите их на русский язык. Напишите эти предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах.
9. Поставьте глагол-сказуемое одного предложения из текста во все временные формы группы Indefinite в страдательном залоге, произведя все необходимые смысловые изменения.
Образец: The text is translated by the student.
The text was translated by the student yesterday.
The text will be translated by the student tomorrow.
11. Переведите письменно текст контрольной работы № 1 на русский язык. При переводе пользуйтесь англо-русским словарем.
Текст № 1
NATURE’S BUILDING BLOCKS
What are atoms?
Over two thousand years ago, about 400 B.C., the Greek philosopher Democritus tried to figure out what the world is made up of and how it came to be the way it is. He came to the conclusion that all things are made up of tiny particles, too small to be seen. There are many kinds, he thought, and they are always moving about, sometimes combining, and sometimes separating again.
Democritus deserves tremendous credit for giving us this theory.
In the past people believed in many ideas which new knowledge and experience later proved false1. But all the discoveries of science in over two thousand years of work and study show that Democritus was right.
Investigations by chemists have shown that every chemical compound, such as salt or water, is made up of many tiny particles called molecules. In solids and liquids they are packed closely together. In gases they are spread out thin, with big spaces separating the molecules from each other. Each molecule in a compound is the same as all the other molecules in the same compound, but it is different from the molecules in other compounds. Since there are thousands of different compounds, there are thousands of different kinds of molecules, ranging from simple ones, like the molecules of salt or water, to very complicated ones found only in living things.
Further study has shown that the molecules themselves are made up of still smaller particles known as atoms. Although there are thousands of different molecules, there are only 103 different kinds of atoms. .These 103 different kinds of atoms, known as the chemical elements, are the building blocks out of which all material things are made.
Note
1. proved false ‑ оказались ошибочными
Questions
1) What is the world made up of according to Democritus?
2) Did his theory prove right?
3) When and where did Democritus live?
4) What is every chemical compound made up of according to modern science?
Текст № 2
SWIMMING
Many animals can swim without being taught how. People are not so fortunate. They have to learn to swim. But it is very much worthwhile to learn to swim for three reasons: swimming is fun. It is good exercise for building strong bodies. And being able to swim takes away most of the danger from boating, water skiing, and other water sports. There are four styles of sports swimming: freestyle (crawl), backstroke1, breaststroke2 and butterfly.
Swimming is so popular that many public swimming pools have been built. Many public beaches have been set up.
Swimming is one of the sports that make up the Olympic games. Swimmers from all over the world compete in these games.
It may seem strange that swimming was not included in ancient
Olympic games, though people had known it long ago. Both in ancient Greece and Rome swimming was as important as reading. Soldiers often sailed to other lands and fought on seas too. They were taught swimming for life-saving.
As a sport swimming was practised in Japan. There swimming contests were held before the new era. Since the 17th century it has been taught in schools. But the Japanese did not let foreigners into their country. That is why it were Europeans who developed swimming and made it a sport.
One of the earliest swimming competitions in Europe was held in 1515 in Venice. In 1538, the first swimming handbook was published. First swimming schools began to appear m the end of the 18th century. Swimmers trained and contested mostly in rivers, ponds and lakes, which was only possible in summer. In the 19th century covered pools appeared and swimming became very popular.
Many countries organized national swimming championships, and the first European championship was held in 1890. Six years later, swimming became the Olympic sport and in 1908 the International Swimming Federation was formed. Oddly enough, the first world championship was only held in 1973, or 65 years later!
Swimming as a sport was not popular in Russia. Training and competitions were only possible in summer and sportsmen could not achieve good results. The first swimming competitions in Russia were held in 1913 in Kiev.
Things changed after the Revolution. Swimming schools opened in Moscow in the 20s. And in the 30s first covered pools were built. Soviet swimmers could train all the year round and they did well.
Regular swimming championships of the Soviet Union have been held since 1928. And since 1947 our swimmers have been taking part in international competitions. Many of them have achieved good results and set new records. Among them are G. Prozumenshchikova (Stepanova), S. Babanina, V. Bure, V. Salnikov and others.
Notes
1. backstroke ‑ плавание на спине
2. breaststroke ‑ брасс, плавание брассом
Questions
1) Why is it worthwhile to learn to swim?
2) How many styles are there in swimming?
3) Where was swimming practiced as a sport?
4) When did swimming become very popular?
5) Was swimming as a sport popular in Russia?
6) What famous Soviet swimmers do you know?
Текст № 3
TOOL
A tool is a device that can be used to produce an item or achieve a task, but that is not consumed in the process. Informally the word is also used to describe a procedure or process with a specific purpose. Tools that are used in particular fields or activities may have different designations such as Instrument, Utensil, Implement, Machine, or Apparatus.
Anthropologists believe that the use of tools was an important step in the evolution of mankind. Humans evolved an opposable thumb - useful in holding tools - and increased dramatically in intelligence, which aided in the use of tools. Because tools are used extensively by both humans and wild chimpanzees, it is widely assumed that the first routine use of tools took place prior to the divergence between the two species. These early tools, however, were likely made of perishable materials such as sticks, or consisted of unmodified stones that cannot be distinguished from other stones as tools. The beginning of the Stone Age marks the era when hominins first began manufacturing stone tools, and evidence of these tools dates back at least 2.6 million years in Ethiopia. One of the earliest distinguishable stone tool forms is the hand axe.
Tools are the most important items that the ancient humans used to climb to the top of the food chain; by inventing tools, they were able to accomplish tasks that human bodies could not, such as using a spear or bow and arrow to kill prey, since their teeth were not sharp enough to pierce many animals' skins.
The transition from stone to metal tools roughly coincided with the development of agriculture around the 4th millennium BC. Mechanical devices experienced a major expansion in their use in the Middle Ages with the systematic employment of new energy sources: water (waterwheels) and wind (windmills).
Machine tools occasioned a surge in producing new tools in the industrial revolution. Advocates of nanotechnology expect a similar surge as tools become microscopic in size.
Questions
1) What is a tool?
2) When did the first routine use of tools take place?
3) Why are tools the most important items?
4) What occasioned the industrial revolution?