Read the text about environmental protection and answer the questions

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

The scientific and technological progress of the twentieth century resulted in widespread mechanization, automated lines computerized management, spaceships, atomic power stations, pipelines, new roads and highways.

But it cannot be denied that the price for rapid industrial development is very high: natural resources are exhausted, the ecological balance of the planet is disturbed; some species of flora and fauna disappear; city and industry waters, chemicals and fertilizers are endangering lakes, rivers and ponds. Big cities have a problem with air pollution: the "Killer Smog" caused some 3500-4000 deaths in London in December 1952. Progress can be blamed for all these environmental problems.

In recent years the pollution problems have received great publicity. The Environmental movement associated with no political party has gained widespread trust and support. Environmental activists stress that the problem is caused by industrial pollution and the automobile. Long-established envi­ronmental groups warn that acid rains threaten many forests. The media's begun to campaign against the ugliness of bill­boards, tin cans and trash. Many people started to realize that to keep air and water clean, strict pollution control is necessary.

The protection of natural resources and wildlife isbe­coming a political program in every country. Numerous anti-pollution acts passed in different countries led to considerable improvements in environment. In many countries purifying sys­tems for treatment of industrial waters have been installed, measures have been taken to protect rivers and seas from oil waters.

Wildlife reservation models of undisturbed nature are being developed in some parts of the world.

But the environmental problems have grown beyond the concern of a single country. Their solution requires the cooperation of all nations.

Questions:

1. What are advantages of industrial development?

2. What are disadvantages of industrial development?

3. What do Environmental activists do?

4. What has been done in many countries to improve the environment?

5. Why do the environmental problems require the cooperation of all nations?

6. Read the interview with John Peters, 58, an ecologist, do you agree with his points of view?

- Is the problem of environmental protection urgent today?

- Yes, the problem of protecting the nature is of primary importance today. Through their daily activities people pollute and contaminate land, water and air. If it continues the damage may become irreversible. It is known far and wide that pollution has accompanied mankind ever since groups of people first assembled and remained for a long time in one place. But pollution was not a serious problem as long as there was enough space available for each individual or group. With the establishment of permanent human settlements pollution became a problem and has remained one ever since. With the rise of advanced technology, the rapid spread of industrialization and the increase of human population’s pollution has become a universal problem. The price for rapid in­dustrial development is very high: natural resources are exhausted; the ecological balance of the planet is disturbed.

- How is the environmental protection problem solved today?

- In recent years the pollution problems have received great publicity. The environmental movement associated with no political party has gained widespread trust and support. Environmental activists stress that the problem is caused by industrial pollution and the automobile. The media's begun to campaign against the ugliness of billboards, tin cans and trash. The protection of natural resources and wildlife is becoming a political program in every country. Numerous anti-pollution acts passed in different countries led to considerable improvements in environment. In many countries purifying systems or treatment of industrial waters have been installed, meas­ures have been taken to protect rivers and seas from oil waters.

- What are the main problems of today?

- Cleaning up air pollution is one of the main problems of today. Urban air pollution continues to expand as a result of the in­creased number of motor vehicles. Exhaust fumes from the engines of automobiles contain a number of polluting substances. Tokyo has such a serious air-pollution problem that oxygen is supplied to policemen who direct traffic at busy intersections. Milan, Ankara, Mexico City, and Buenos Aires face similar problems.

- What can people do to stop pollution?

- Attempts to control pollution, initiated during the 1950s, re­sulted in the successful elimination of such sources of pollution as industrial effluents and the outdoor burning of trash and debris. The task of cleaning up air pollution, though difficult, is not believed to be impossible. Use of fuels that are low in pollutants; more complete burning of fossil fuels; the scrubbing of industrial smokestacks often in combination with a recycling of the pollutants; and the shift to less polluting forms of power generation, such as solar energy in place of fossil fuels - all are methods that can be used for controlling pollu­tion. Many large cities have taken measures to decrease the level of urban noise; the problem has received much attention with the ad­vent of supersonic jet aeroplanes. In 1971 the U.S. Congress voted down appropriations to support the development of supersonic trans­port (SST) planes. Atmospheric testing of nuclear bombs was stopped in different countries to prevent radioactive contamination of the atmosphere. In 1990 the British government committed itself to a 30 per cent reduction in carbon dioxide emission by the year 2005. — What can common people do to protect nature! - To protect nature people should change their attitude to it. Man should stop taking from it everything he needs and give it his love instead. Otherwise the pay off will be too high. It is good that at last people started to realize that they should keep air and water clean by establishing strict pollution control. Efforts are being made to reduce pollution from automobile engines by developing pollution-free engines which may eventually eliminate the more se­rious air pollution problems. Moreover, the strong public reaction can facilitate the exercise of absolute pollution control in various contamination industries.

1. Divide into 3-5 groups (5-8 people). Each group have their own problem:

Group 1 - Air pollution

Group 2 - Water pollution

Group 3 - Acid rains