Answer the questions after the text.
6. When you give information about past work experience and achievements in a CV, use verbs in the past simple without a personal pronoun: Chaired weekly meetings (not I chaired weekly team meetings). Look at the following table of action verbs commonly associated with professional experience. Select five verbs and write sentences suitable for your CV that are true for you.
| achieved approved arranged budgeted calculated clarified collaborated consulted convinced coordinated created | delegated demonstrated designed developed edited established evaluated examined formulated identified implemented | improved increased led listened motivated negotiated operated organized persuaded planned presented | recommended repaired represented researched scheduled supervised taught trained translated wrote |
TextTHE NO-RULES GENERATION (adapted)
Words and word combinations to be remembered:
| 1. life-long nest | 14. support (v) |
| 2. safety net | 15. welcome advice |
| 3. stick together | 16. child minding (n) |
| 4. for better or for worse | 17. undertake (v) |
| 5. marital co-existence | 18. selfishness (n) |
| 6. on average | 19. spend time in the home |
| 7. prosperous (adj) | 20. accept (v) |
| 8. life expectancy | 21. tolerate orders |
| 9. ancestor (n) | 22. provide a firm and protective framework |
| 10. domestic technology | 23. instill (v) |
| 11. hale and hearty | 24. buy off (phrv) |
| 12. vital part | 25. demand constant attention, thought and adjustment |
| 13. composite family | 26. genetic ties |
Once upon a time, the family was a life-long nest and safety net. Taking into account that life itself was a chancy business, couples tended to stick together for better or for worse. If for worse, at least it wasn’t for long. Thanks to late marriages and early deaths, especially deaths of women in childbirth, marital co-existence in the middle of the 19th century was only 15 years on average.
A Rip Van Winkle who fell asleep then and woke up today would hardly be able to believe his luck. We are on the whole far more prosperous and healthy and have a much longer life expectancy than our ancestors. A Mrs Rip Van Winkle would be even more surprised. Women’s opportunities have been transformed by education and domestic technology.
Grandparents, more hale and hearty than ever, and increasingly numerous in today’s reconstituted families, are still a vital part of the composite family, supporting their children with more or less welcome advice, child minding, babysitting, finance, furniture and accommodation. Nearly two-thirds of child care in Britain is undertaken by relatives, most of them are grandparents and friends.
Children’s lives have also changed. Young children have to learn how to control their behavior, their appetites and their selfishness. They spend much less time in the home than they used to. That is why they grow up without rules and think only of themselves. They develop into adults who can’t accept discipline of any kind, tolerate orders or accept criticism. All too often their relationships break up because they can’t compromise. Parents need to provide a firm and protective framework which makes children feel safe and loved. Of course education has its advantages but life skills need to be instilled somewhere, somehow.
Finally, we need to recognize that real homes cannot be bought off the shelf. Despite the vacuum cleaner and the microwave oven, the home demands constant attention, thought and adjustment to the constant needs of the family within.
A survey published in the Center of Family Research at Cambridge University discovered that children accept wide variations in family practice and structures. Their definitions did not center on genetic ties but they had definite ideas about the importance of grandparents and friends, as well as about parents. “A family is a group of people which all cares about each other”, wrote 13-year-old Tara. “They can all cry together, laugh together, argue together and go through all the emotions together. Some live together as well. Families are for helping each other through life.”
Newsweek
General understanding. Answer the questions:
1. How did the 19th century family look like?
2. Why would the Winkles be even more surprised?
3. What changes have appeared in today family life?
4. What has happened to the modern children?
5. What should be done to save the nuclear family?
6. What is your definition of the word ‘family’?
WORD LIST TO PART I
Personality and Appearance
| tolerant | выносливый, толерантный | well-bred or well-mannered | (благо)воспитанный |
| generous | щедрый | obstinate | упрямый; настойчивый |
| sympathetic | сочувственный | self-possessed | имеющийсамообладание, хладнокровный |
| responsible/ irresponsible | ответственный/ безответственный | reserved | скрытный, сдержанный |
| sociable/ unsociable | общительный / необщительный | moody | человек настроения |
| cruel | жестокий | cheerful | весёлый, радостный; |
| ambitious | амбициозный | lazy | ленивый |
| sensitive | чувствительный | optimistic | оптимистический |
| intelligent | умный, знающий | untidy | неопрятный, неаккуратный |
| sly | лукавый | careful | заботливый |
| sincere | искренний | confident | уверенный |
| patient | терпеливый | handsome | красивый (о мужчине) |
| greedy | жадный, скупой | pretty | хорошенькая (о женщине) |
| shrewd | сообразительный | face | лицо |
| rude | грубый | eyes | глаза |
| ill-mannered/ | плохо воспитанный | eyelashes | ресницы |
| silly | глупый | eyesbrows | брови |
| even-tempered | невозмутимый, спокойный | forehead | лоб |
| thrifty | бережливый | hair | волосы |
| shy | застенчивый, робкий | nose | нос |
| hard-working | трудолюбивый | cheeks | щеки |
| original | оригинальный, творческий | lips | губы |
| quick-tempered | вспыльчивый | teeth | зубы |
| open-handed | великодушный, щедрый | chin | подбородок |
Family
| grandparents | дедушка с бабушкой | wife | жена |
| parents | родители | father-in-law | свекор, тесть |
| twins | близнецы | mother–in-law | свекровь, теща |
| grandson | внук | son–in-law | зять |
| granddaughter | внучка | daughter–in-law | невестка, сноха |
| uncle | дядя | brother-in-law | шурин, деверь |
| aunt | тетя | sister-in-law | золовка, невестка, свояченица |
| nephew | племянник | stepmother | мачеха |
| niece | племянница | stepfather | отчим |
| cousin | двоюродный брат / сестра | stepson | пасынок |
| age | возраст | stepdaughter | падчерица |
| to be brought up | воспитываться | stepsister/brother | сводная сестра / брат |
| husband | муж |
Career
| skill | навык |
| knowledge | знание |
| employer/ employee/ employable | работодатель/ рабочий/ работоспособный, трудоспособный |
| job applicant | претендент на рабочее место |
| to provide advice | давать совет, предоставлять консультацию |
| to make decision | принимать решение |
| seek feedback | добиваться ответной реакции |
| strength | достоинство, сильная сторона |
| limitation | ограничение |
| weakness | слабое место, недостаток |
| to persuade | убеждать |
| to convince | уверять (в чём-л.) |
| to gain support | получать поддержку |
| to formulate new ideas | формулировать новую идею, мысль |
| to solve problems | решать проблемы |
| to come up with alternative ways | создавать новые способы/пути (решения проблемы) |
| to overcome obstacles | преодолеватьпрепятствия |
| to strive forward the targets | добиваться целей |
| to be good at data analysis | уметь хорошо анализировать данные |
| to achieve shared goals | достигать общих целей |
PART 2 EDUCATION
SELF-WORK 1
I. Grammar to notice:
- Present Simple Tense;
- Past Simple Tense;
- Present Perfect Tense;
- Degrees of Comparison.
- Passive Voice
II. Learn to distinguish between these synonyms:
AAcquire, get, gain, obtain (получать, достигать)
a) Read the explanation to see the difference:
Get is the most general of theses. The use of get in idiomatic phrases is manifold and since some of these idioms may be informal, some feel and need to replace it wherever possible with obtain.Obtainis more formal used in formal contexts where the stress is on seeking out something: e.g. obtain soil samples from the moon and return to earth with them.
Gaingoes beyond obtain to indicate greater effort in the seeking process.
Acquirepoints to a piecemeal process of possession that is continuous and often slow. It can also suggest the effort or exposure required to gain less tangible (материальный) things as in the learning process: e. g. wishing to acquire a speaking knowledge of French.
b) Translate the following sentences where these synonyms are used:
1) Youngsters might gain more from working a few years and going back to college later.2) Who gets the prestigious diplomas? 3) This cannot be explained in terms of inborn differences in talent, but only in terms of what he calls the cultural capital that youths acquire from their families. 4). From this service parents gainthe freedom to engage in personal and economic activities that they could not otherwise afford. 5).Even if children could gain all the skills they need by reading books alone at home, they would miss some of the main benefits of schooling. The play-ground is a school too.
These “seals of approval” say how well people have performed and those who get very good certificates often gain privileges and jobs of great value. The development of new technologies and the globalization of the world economy have created a high demand of workers with occupational skills that can be acquired at higher educational institutions. 4. The greater the number of “advanced level” passes that students acquire the better their chances are to enter the University of their choice. 5. In the American system bachelor’s degree is ordinary obtained by accumulation of “credits”.
c) Choose the most appropriate synonym:
1. Students work hard to ....good skills in the English language.
a) obtain b) acquire c) gain d) get
2. He would love so much to ... a ticket to his performance.
a) obtain b) acquire c) gain d) get
3. He ... additional honours after his book was published.
a) obtain b) acquire c) gain d) get
4. The certificate can be ....by passing exams with high grades.
a) obtain b) acquire c) gain d) get
III.
Before you listen write some reasons why parents would choose to educate their children at home.
a) Listen to Simon’s parents and check if your ideas were mentioned.
b) Listen more and answer the questions: