При появлении головокружения или слабости уменьшить время сеанса.

Процедуры проводить с ежедневным контролем артериального давления. В случае роста давления процедуры прекратить. Процедуры аппаратом "ВИТА­ФОН" хорошо сочетаются с медикаментозной терапией.

WORDLIST:

лечебно-профилактический - therapeutic

комплект поставки - delivery set

упаковочная тара - package(-ing); transport box;

container (case, crate)

Витафон - vibraphone

виброаккустический аппарат - vibroacoustical device, set, apparatus микрокапилярный кровоток - microcapillary blood flow;

blood circulation

параметры назначения - medical features

поддиапазон -subband

период изменения частоты - frequency variation time/range

режим - mode

спаренный - twin, paired

встроенная сетевая вилка - built-in mains' plug

лицевая панель - front (facing) panel

этикетка - nameplate

непрерывно меняющаяся

звуковая частота - continuous sonic frequency fluctuation

показания к применению - indications for application

противопоказания - contraindications

новообразование - homeoplasia

тромбофлебит - thrombophlebitisive

выраженный атеросклероз - massive collapse

инфекционные заболевания - infection diseases, contagions

механизм воздействия - action modality

осмотическое движение - osmotic flow

лимфоток - lymph flow, circulation

скачкообразное изменение - spasmodic (uneven) change

патология - pathology

лечебное воздействие - therapeutic modality

перекись водорода - hydrogen dioxide

LESSON # 4

WHAT IS A PATENT?

A patent for an invention is the grant of a property right to the inventor, issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Generally, the term of a new patent is 20 years from the date on which the application for the patent was filed in the United States or, in special cases, from the date an earlier related application was filed, subject to the payment of maintenance fees. U.S. patent grants are effective only within the United States, U.S. territories, and U.S. possessions. Under certain circumstances, patent term extensions or adjustments may be available.

The right conferred by the patent grant is, in the language of the statute and of the grant itself, "the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling" the invention in the United States or "importing" the invention into the United States. What is granted is not the right to make, use, offer for sale, sell or import, but the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, selling or importing the inven­tion. Once a patent is issued, the patentee must enforce the patent without aid of the USPTO.

There are three types of patents:

1) Utility patents may be granted to anyone who invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof;

2) Design patents may be granted to anyone who invents a new, original, and orna­mental design for an article of manufacture; and

3) Plant patents may be granted to anyone who invents or discovers and asexually reproduces any distinct and new variety of plant.

The patent law specifies the general field of subject matter that can be patented and the conditions under which a patent may be obtained.

In the language of the statute, any person who "invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, may obtain a patent" subject to the conditions and requirements of the law. The word "process" is defined by law as a process, act or method, and pri­marily includes industrial or technical processes. The term "machine" used in the statute needs no explanation. The term "manufacture" refers to articles that are made, and in­cludes all manufactured articles. The term "composition of matter" relates to chemical compositions and may include mixtures of ingredients as well as new chemical com­pounds. These classes of subject matter taken together include practically everything that is made by man and the processes for making the products.

The patent law specifies that the subject matter must be "useful." The term "useful" in this connection refers to the condition that the subject matter has a useful purpose and also includes operativeness, that is, a machine which will not operate to perform the in­tended purpose would not be called useful, and therefore would not be granted a patent.

Interpretations of the statute by the courts have defined the limits of the field of subject matter that can be patented, thus it has been held that the laws of nature, physical phenomena, and abstract ideas are not patentable subject matter.

A patent cannot be obtained upon a mere idea or suggestion. The patent is granted upon the new machine, manufacture, etc., as has been said, and not upon the idea or suggestion of the new machine. A complete description of the actual machine or other subject matter for which a patent is sought is required.

United States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 4,669,442

Nakamura et al. [45] Date of Patent: Jun. 2, 1987

[54] EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION APPARATUS FOR ENGINE WITH TURBOCHARGER

[75] Inventors: Hiroshi Nakamura; Shirou Matsuo;

Noriaki Kawai, all of Toyota, Japan

[73] Assignee: Toyota JIDOSHA Kabushiki Kaisha,

Aichi, Japan

[21]Appl. No.: 738,235

[22] Filed: May 28,1985

[30] Foreign Application Priority Data

Jun. 6,1984 [JP] Japan...................59.83835[U]

[51]lntCI.I.....................................F02M 25/06

[52] US CI.......................„.,.„......123/571; 123/568

[58] Field of Search.........................123/569,571,568; 60/605

[56] References Cited

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS

4,349,004 9/1982 Matsuda....................123/569

4,369,753 1/1983 Sugiyama..................123/569

4,399,799 8/1983 Rombiom et al...........123/569

4,450,825 5/1984 Sekiguchi et al……...123/571

4,474,161 10/1984 Knapp et al…….........60/605X

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

0129747 10/1981 Japan

0157046 9/1982 Japan.....................123/569

0210157 12/1982 Japan.......................123/569

Primary Examiner - Willis R. Wolfe, Jr.

Attorney, Agent, or Firm - Parkhurst & Oliff

4,669,442

[57] ABSTRACT

An exhaust gas recirculation controlling apparatus is suitable for an engine with a turbocharger. An EGR valve which is provided in an EGR passage connecting an ex­haust system passage and an intake system passage of the engine controls the amount of EGR. A vacuum adjustment valve controls the vacuum supplied from a vacuum source to the EGR valve. A valve device for cutting off the supply of vacuum in a vacuum range which is lower than the vacuum corresponding to at least the lower limitation value in the EGR controlling range with respect to the vacuum controlling characteristics of a vacuum adjustment valve is provided in the passage connecting the EGR valve and the vacuum adjustment valve such as to securely close the EGR valve when the running state of the engine is out of the EGR controlling range.

Claims, 5 Drawing Figures