Неличные формы глагола. Exercise 67. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива
Инфинитив
Exercise 67. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива.
1. To move in space calls for quite new concepts of energy. 2. To form such judgments about things depends on many observations by many people. 3. The purpose of this chapter is to describe certain properties of pure substances. 4. To prolong this discussion is to waste time. 5. The Sun is the first object to be studied by rocket astronomy. 6. All the attempts to confirm this suggestion have failed. 7. She gave him a list of a few books to be read. 8. To get to the Earth the rays of the Sun have to travel for 8 minutes. 9. To explain the problem we were interested in he demonstrated some diagrams.
Exercise 68. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на конструкцию «Объектный падеж с инфинитивом».
1. Scientists do not consider this effect to be an experimental error of any kind. 2. He found this ratio to have about the same large value as for cathode rays. 3. Have you heard him make his brilliant speech on current events? 4. We suppose the construction of that building to be completed in a week. 5. Do you want me to tell you about this engineer’s invention? 6. In future we expect radiation chemistry to lead us to many discoveries of great interest and promise for industry. 7. They wanted us to tell them about the results of our research work. 8. They wanted the device to be examined carefully by experts.
Exercise 69. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на конструкцию «Именительный падеж с инфинитивом»
1. A scientist is expected to know the latest work on his own speciality. 2. The importance of mathematics for all sciences is known to be growing rapidly. 3. The procedure proved to be rather difficult and not very precise. 4. Although it appears to be theoretically possible the methods do not seem to be very practical. 5. The nature of a neuron is unlikely to change. 6. The construction of the dam is certain to be completed in two months. 7. He is sure to make a brilliant report on that subject. 8. Vacuum tubes are considered indispensable in industrial control.
Exercise 70. Определите в следующих предложениях функции инфинитива; найдите инфинитивные обороты и переведите предложения.
1. To translate a sentence is to discover its meaning and then construct a sentence in the new language. 2. There are a great many things to be said in favour of the proposal. 3. For calculation of total energy this method was found to be extremely poor. 4. To complete a journey round the sun requires nearly 29 years. 5. The aim of the book exhibition is to exchange experience and to display the finest editions. 6. The individual components appeared to be in excellent conditions. 7. Refined experiments showed the data to be not quite true. 8. The breakdown is thought to be due to the acceleration of electrons. 9. He was seen to start the engine. 10. To avoid the accident the cars had to move very slowly. 11. We know the solar constant to vary slightly from day to day.
Причастия
Exercise 71. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на Participle I и Participle II в функции определения.
1. There is a growing demand for the kind of information given in these tables. 2. Many of the books reviewed are available from the library. 3. The experiment being made at our laboratory shows the action of catalysts. 4. The paper described a series of carefully controlled experiments. 5. The other paper presented at the conference dealt with sound phenomena. 6. The work described here was part of our investigation. 7. The tests reported here are very important for our research work. 8. These papers, previously unpublished, fall into two groups.
Exercise 72. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на причастие в функции обстоятельства.
1. Making the experiment he was seriously injured. 2. Knowing the harmful effects of the rays, they took special precautions. 3. They worked using the best modern equipment. 4. Having finished his experiments, he compared the results. 5. While burning different substances combined with oxygen. 6. Having discussed chemical reactions we proceeded to the experiments. 7. The students spent the first year in the preparatory department studying Russian. 8. When combined with the oxygen of the air the match was lighted.
Exercise 73. Подчеркните независимые причастные обороты и переведите предложения.
1. The text-book provides a series of examples, the examples being graduated with a view to facilitating homework as much as possible. 2. Natural radioactivity having been discovered, many scientists became interested in it. 3. Many technical and scientific problems having been solved, the first spaceflight could be realized. 4. Large masses of substances are made up of molecules, molecules being made up of atoms. 5. The 5th of June arriving, they departed. 6. The wind having dropped, they set out to walk. 7. The vessel being pretty deep in the water and the weather being calm, there was but little motion. 8. The attendance from Western European countries was regrettably small, about half of the overseas visitors being from North America. 9. Plants grown in the dark are always colourless, chlorophyll becoming green only under the action of light.
Герундий
Exercise 74. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции герундия.
1. Nuclear physics gives two directions for solving the energy problem. 2. Nowadays man gets nineteenths of the energy by burning valuable raw materials like oil, coal and gas. 3. His work was a success due to his experimenting so much. 4. By making their lenses of special materials, the optical experts succeeded in constructing an ultraviolet microscope. 5. The cost of transforming solar radiation into electricity is still very high. 6. The best way out of the present situation lies in producing energy by means of thermonuclear fusion. 7. We insist on their taking part in this work. 8. Walking, riding, flying, dancing, climbing and sailing are all familiar examples of motion. 9. The scientists gave up collecting more analogous data – they did not help them. 10. I think of solving this problem in another way than you did.
Exercise 75. Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения. Подчеркните одной чертой герундий и двумя чертами причастие.
1. Decreasing the temperature we slow down the reaction. 2. Efforts being made in the development of chemical industry meet with great success. 3. The delegation arrived in Moscow with the object of conducting trade negotiations. 4. A great many electron microscopes are in use today being a very useful instrument in the hands of scientists. 5. Falling is a case of motion at constant acceleration. 6. They stopped working immediately after the clock struck five. 7. Having plenty of time, we decided to walk. 8. It is no use discussing this question any longer. 9. The members of the expedition were certain of their reaching the South Pole. 10. This laboratory is not alone in making such studies. 11. Leading its own life each cell plays a part in the life of the organism. 12. Pine-trees grow in large quantities there, the soil being sandy.
ТЕСТЫ
Tests
Тест состоит из трех частей. А – грамматика, В – лексика, С – понимание прочитанного текста. Задания рекомендуется выполнять по порядку. К каждому заданию даны три варианта ответа, из которых только один правильный.
I семестр