Замените придаточные предложения герундиальным оборотом, употребив предлоги, данные в скобках
Например: When they entered the house, they heard the bell ringing. (on)
On entering the house, they heard the bell ringing.
1. Thank you that you invited me to the theatre. (for)
2. The woman insisted that her husband should consult the doctor at once.(on)
3. She couldn’t even think that the operation might be postponed. (of)
4. There was a little hope that James would return on the same day.(of)
5. Helen insisted that she should go on a trip.(on)
6. There is a possibility that my father will join us. (of)
7. The place looked so picturesque and cheerful that he thought he would come and live there. (of)
8. After Robert had passed his exams, he felt very happy. (on)
9. In the darkness they were afraid that they might lose their way. (of)
10. Thank you that you did it.(for)
7.1.13 Употребите герундий и соответствующий предлог в данных предложениях.
1. He is good … (to listen) to what people say.
2. I’m tired … (to work) in the garden.
3. She wasn’t interested … (to hear) my excuse.
4. He gave up the idea … (to go) abroad.
5. The girls whispered as they were afraid … (to hear) by someone.
6. They are interested … (to join) our expedition.
7. He can’t get into the house … (to climb) through the window.
8. She improves her pronunciation … (to listen) to the tapes.
9. (To travel) like this you suspend all experience.
10. You spend most of your time looking forward … (to arrive) at some other place.
Обратите внимание на выражения, после которых тоже употребляется герундий:
It is (of) no use;
It is useless;
It is no good.
Например: It’s no use crying.
Плакать не имеет смысла.
Переведите предложения, используя герундий.
1. С ней сейчас разговаривать бесполезно.
2. Не было смысла приходить сюда так рано.
3. Слезы тебе не помогут.
4. Думать сейчас об этом не стоит.
5. Разговорами делу не поможешь.
6. Нет смысла искать дорогу в темноте.
Раскройте скобки, употребив герундий или инфинитив.
1. David gave up (to smoke) two years ago and now he fells much better.
2. I don’t want (to play) the piano just now.
3. I had some problems with the translation and my brother offered (to help) me.
4. I enjoy (to help) my friends.
5. “The Titanic” is a very interesting film. It is worth (to see).
6. My mother promised (to cook) a lot of tasty things for my birthday.
7. She likes (to cook) for our family.
8. My uncle is fond of (to travel). He has been to many countries.
9. I would like (to have) a snack.
10. My friend denied (to see) me at the railway station.
Обратите внимание на глаголы, которые могут употребляться как с инфинитивом, так и с герундием, при этом меняя свое значение:
to forget to do smth - забыть сделать что-то
to forget doing smth - забыть о прошлом событии
to remember to do smth - помнить, что нужно это сделать
to remember doing smth - помнить о прошлом событии
to go on to do smth - закончить одно дело и начать делать другое
to go on doing smth - продолжать делать
to try to do smth - стараться изо всех сил
to try doing smth - попытаться, попробовать что-то сделать
to stop to do smth - остановиться временно
to stop doing smth - закончить полностью, прекратить
7.1.16 Раскройте скобки, употребив инфинитив или герундий.
1. Remember … (to go) to the bank. You’ve got to pay the bills.
2. I don’t remember … (to see) this film before.
3. She went on … (to talk) even after her friend had fallen asleep.
4. When he had written his first book he went on … (to write) another one.
5. I’ve been trying … (to start) this car for hours.
6. Why don’t you try … (to put) some petrol in the tank?
7. She forgot … (to invite) her best friend to the party.
8. I’ll never forget … (to see) snow for the first time.
9. The baby didn’t stop … (to cry) all night.
10. On the way home he stopped … (to buy) some chocolate sweets.
Travelling
7.1.17 Ответьте на вопросы по теме:
a) Are you fond of travelling?
b) Men have travelled ever since they first appeared on the Earth. Why do people travel?
c) Why do people take a camera with them? What do they usually photograph?
d) What ways of travelling do you know?
e) What are their advantages and disadvantages?
f) Some people prefer to travel on their own and hate travelling in a group. What about you?
7.1.18 Соотнесите слова с их определениями:
travel - a crossing across the sea;
voyage - the act of travelling;
tour - a journey during which several places of interest
are visited;
migration - a trip to some distance, usually by land;
journey - a movement of many people from one part of the
world to another;
itinerary - a journey to a place and back again;
trip - a plan of a journey, especially one made by a
group of people, to a place that is dangerous or
that has not been visited before;
crossing - a long journey especially by water.
7.1.19 Вставьте подходящие по смыслу слова в пропуски ( три слова лишние):
Tour, insurance, replacement, loss, certain, valid, honesty, available, expenses, journey, assistance, valuable, activities, safest.
Traveller’s Cheques
If you are planning a holiday, remember the … way to carry money is to take traveller’s cheques. If you lose them or they are stolen, … cheques are provided by the bank. Such cheques are … all over the world. Take traveller’s cheques and you can be … you will not be left without funds. Sterling or dollar cheques are … at most banks. You should be prepared for the worst: take out … to cover any … of luggage, travel delays and medical … .
Not all insurance policies cover injuries caused by sporting … , so check your policy. Some companies have a helpline to provide … and advice, which could be very … .
7.1.20 Отработайте произношение слов, уточнив транскрипцию по словарю:
| to boom (v) | - громыхать, гудеть; быстро расти (о цене, спросе) |
| moderate (adj) | - умеренный, спокойный |
| to moderate (v) | - обуздать, умерить; ослабить, смягчить |
| grasp (n) | - крепкое сжатие, хватка; власть, контроль |
| to grasp (v) | - схватить |
| Package tour | - организованная туристическая поездка |
| to sneer (v) | - презрительно усмехаться |
| sneer (n) | - насмешка |
| affair (n) | - дело |
| state of affairs | -положение дел, ситуация |
| to set out (v) | - намереваться; выставлять на продажу; отправиться; делать более привлекательным |
| deliberately (adv) | - сознательно, обдуманно |
| to lead (v) | -вести; склонять, убеждать |
| cosset (n) | - любимец, баловень |
| cosseted (adj) | - изнеженный |
| to cosset (v) | - баловать, потакать |
| shelter (n) | - укрытие |
| sheltered (n) | - укрытый, защищенный |
| sip (n) | - маленький глоток; небольшой промежуток времени |
| to sip (v) | - пить маленькими глотками, потягивать |
| to gaze (v) | - пристально смотреть, вглядываться |
| gaze (v) | - пристальный взгляд |
| to conduct a tour | - проводить экскурсию |
| strict (adj) | - строгий, требовательный |
| schedule (n) | - список, перечень; расписание, план работы |
| to schedule (v) | - назначить, планировать |
| to wander (v) | - бродить, скитаться |
| to wander off (v) | - выходить из рамок темы |
| hideous (adj) | - отвратительный, ужасный |
| cite universitaire (фр.) | - университетский городок |
| to reestablish (v) | - восстановить |
| to recreate (v) | - заново создать |
| paella (n) | - паелла (испан. блюдо) |
| persistence (n) | - настойчивость, непоколебимость; живучесть |
| to bring up (v) | - воспитывать |
| amorous (adj) | - влюбчивый, любовный |
| to confirm (v) | - подтверждать, укреплять |
| to confirm smb in office | - утвердить в должности |
| preconception (n) | - предвзятое мнение, предубеждение |
| inaccurate (adj) | - неточный, ошибочный |
| harmful (adj) | - вредный, пагубный |
| to stir up (v) | - раздувать (ссору) |
| hatred (n) | - ненависть |
| trite (adj) | - банальный |
7.1.21 Переведите данные словосочетания на русский язык:
Baby boom, business boom, economic boom, postwar boom, moderate in drinking, a moderate smoker, a moderate rain, a man of moderate abilities, to moderate one’s desire, at a moderate cost, firm grasp, intuitive grasp, a remarkable grasp of the subject, it is beyond my grasp, to grasp smb by the arm, package tour, private affair, national affair, current affairs, cultural affairs, domestic affairs, foreign affairs, to put one’s affairs in order, to investigate an affair, to lead a child by the hand, to lead a bride to the altar, take a little sip of a stroll, an admiring gaze, to gaze steadily, a strict teacher, strict laws, strict schedule, according to schedule, production schedule, fixed schedule, to draw up schedule, to bring up children, an amorous look, to confirm smb in his decision, to confirm smb in office, our preconceptions of wrong and of right, harmful to one’s health, intense hatred, to stir up hatred, to feel hatred, violent hatred, blind hatred, filled with hatred.
7.1.22 Прочитайте и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1). The clock boomed out three.
2). Fortunately the weather moderated.
3). I really grasped at his proposal.
4). If you are on a package tour, your travel company’s rep should act on your behalf.
5). The opposition sneered at the government plan but were unable to defeat it.
6). He asked me how much I earned and I told him to mind his own affairs.
7). The goods for sale were set out attractively.
8). This is not what I set out to learn when I took this course.
9). The hat sets you out.
10). He set out for work an hour ago.
11). I deliberately compared one with the other.
12). The prisoners were led to the courtroom.
13). The candidate’s honesty and strength led the voters to support him.
14). They take a little sip of a stroll, a little sip of sleep, and a little sip of manual labour.
15). The climbers stood on top of the mountains, gazing at the splendid view.
16). A presidential election was scheduled for December.
17). It was hideous to watch.
18). I was brought up to respect my parents.
19). She gave him an amorous look.
20). Please, confirm your message.
7.1.23 Переведите словосочетания на английский язык:
Подъем рождаемости, схватить кого-то за руку, министерство иностранных дел, вести ребенка за руку, немного прогуляться, человек средних способностей, согласно плана, воспитывать детей, чувствовать ненависть, утвердить в должности, восхищенный взгляд, расследовать дело, это выше моего понимания, экономический подъем, четкий график, производственный план, наполнить ненавистью; наше предубеждение о том, что верно и что неверно.
7.1.24 Прочитайте текст и скажите, почему автор убежден, что организованный туризм не приводит к взаимопониманию между народами. Согласны ли вы с этим?
Modern Tourism
The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, you’d expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other’s countries at a moderate cost. What was once the “grand tour”, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybody’s grasp. The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldn’t have dreamed of. But what’s the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other?
Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible foe the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the “cite universitaire” : are temporarily re-established on the island of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveller goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips.
The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We don’t see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, naïve. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives act as barriers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, “Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites” or that “Latin peoples shout a lot” . . You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you?
Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact – how trite it sounds! – that all people are human. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.
7.1.25 Переведите слова и словосочетания на русский язык:
Tourist trade, with all this coming and going, not a bit of it, superb system of communication, at a moderate cost, reserved for only the very rich, chartered flights, couldn’t have dreamed of, what’s the sense of this mass exchange, this state of affairs, contact with local population, to lead a cosseted and sheltered life, to gaze at natives from a distance, language is always a barrier, at its very worst, a new and hideous kind of colonization, persistence of national stereotypes, unoriginal and inaccurate impression, carried to an extreme, to stir up racial hatred, how trite it sounds!
7.1. 26Переведите слова и словосочетания на английский язык:
Туризм, превосходная система сообщения, по умеренной цене, организованный тур, чартерный рейс, не могли и мечтать, в чем смысл, отвечать за, местное население, коренные жители, жесткое расписание, скрытая форм колонизации, национальные стереотипы, действуют как барьеры, подтверждает ваше предвзятое мнение, лицемеры, абсурдный вредный, зарубежные друзья, доведенный до экстремальной ситуации, раздувать расовую ненависть, мы все одинаковы, мы уникальны.
7.1.27 Прочитайте текст, найдите соответствующие слова и словосочетания в тексте и прочитайте предложения с ними:
Superb systems of communication, chartered flights, what’s the sense of this mass exchange, contact with local population, to gaze at natives from a distance, language is always a barrier, persistence of national stereotypes, carried to an extreme, to stir up racial hatred.
7.1.28 Объясните значения данных слов и выражений:
To boom, at a moderate cost, the package tour, chartered flights, to remain basically ignorant of each other, to be responsible for this state of affairs, local population, language is always a barrier, stereotype.
7.1.29 Заполните пропуски соответствующими предлогами, где это необходимо:
1). Superb systems … communication … air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other’s countries … moderate cost.
2). What was once the “grand tour”, reserved … only very rich, is now … everybody’s grasp.
3). What’s the sense … this mass exchange … population?
4). Many tourist organizations are directly responsible … this state … affairs.
5). He lives … international hotels, where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes … the natives … a distance.
6). … its very worst, this leads … a new and hideous kind … colonization.
7.1.30. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам:
1). Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other’s countries at a moderate cost.
2). Modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life.
3). A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own.
4). You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful stereotypes are.
5). Stereotypes can be dangerous.
6). Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred.
7.1.31 Задайте альтернативный и разделительный вопросы к следующим предложениям:
1). The tourist trade is booming.
2). The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at.
3). They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population.
4). The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more.
5). It leads to the persistence of national stereotypes.
6). We are all similar to each other.
7.1.32 Прочитайте данные высказывания и укажите, какие из них соответствуют тексту. Подтвердите свои высказывания фактами из текста:
1). Modern systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to travel at a high cost.
2). Tourist organizations are responsible for protecting clients from hotel stuff.
3). The modern tourist leads an adventurous life.
4). The tourist is allowed to see what he wants.
5). A strict schedule makes it possible for the tourist to wander off on his own.
6). Language isn’t a barrier for traveling.
7). It’s very good that this situation leads to the persistence of national stereotypes.
8). We always see the people of other nations as they really are.
9). National characteristics don’t act as barriers in understanding other nations.
10). Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred.
7.1. 33 Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1). What would people expect from traveling to other countries?
2). Can people afford to reserve “grand tours” nowadays?
3). What do modern travellers enjoy while travelling?
4). What are many tourist organizations directly responsible for?
5). What do travel agents deliberately set out?
6). What kind of life does modern tourist lead?
7). What is the tourist allowed to see?
8). How do national stereotypes influence the understanding of other nations?
9). What can help you ruin stereotypes?
10). What do wild generalizations do?
7.1.34. Закончите предложения в соответствие с содержанием текста:
1). With all this coming and going, you’d expect … .
2). Superb system of communication by different kinds of transport make it possible … .
3). Modern travelers enjoy the level of comfort which … .
4). Many tourist organizations deliberately set out … .
5). Modern tourist leads … .
6). The tourist is allowed to see only … .
7). A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist … .
8). The sad thing about this situation is … .
9). So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice … .
10). Wild generalizations stir up … .