A) Choose the correct answer.

1. I’m really hungry. I (haven’t eaten / didn’t eat) yet.

2. They (arrived / have arrived) a week ago.

3. We (have worked / worked) here for three years.

4. They (didn’t recognise / haven’t recognised) me at yesterday’s meeting.

5. Our neighbour (was / has been) in hospital since Friday.

6. (Have you travelled / Did you travel) abroad many times?

B) Correct the error in each of the sentences.

1. Have you ever eat Chinese food?

2. She has moved to another city last year.

3. They have sent out the invitations yet.

4. Jack hasn’t seen Jill since she has graduated.

5. Mr Brown already left the office.

6. We haven’t been abroad since a year.

7. The lesson has started ten minutes ago.

8. Did she just leave?

C) Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or the Present Perfect Simple.

1. John ........................... (not call) me recently.

2. They ........................... (buy) a new car last month.

3. The teacher ........................... (not return) the tests yet.

4. How long ........................... she ........................... (know) about this problem?

5. ........................... you ever ........................... (hear) such an unbelievable story?

6. When I was a child, I ........................... (live) in England for two years.

7. He ........................... (buy) me a beautiful gift for my birthday.

8. I am so excited to have a dog. I ......................................... (always / want) one.

Module 1 Unit14 University Life. My Studies.

The Past Perfect Tense

The past perfect tense is most often used for the following:

- For actions that happened before a past event
- In reported speech
- In if (conditional) sentences

Form

We create past perfect sentences by had + past participle.

• e.g. had eaten
• e.g. had walked
• e.g. had forgotten

We create negative past perfect sentences by had + not + past participle.

• e.g. had not eaten
• e.g. had not walked
• e.g. had not forgotten

We create past perfect questions by had + subject + past participle.

• e.g. had he eaten?
• e.g. had he walked?
• e.g. had he forgotten?

For actions that happened before a past event

When we want to talk about an action that happened before a past event, we often use the past perfect. Look at these examples:

• When I got home yesterday, my father hadalready cookeddinner.
• I didn't want to go to the movies with my friends because I had seen the film already.
• My friend offered me an apple in class yesterday, but I wasn't hungry because I hadjust eatenlunch.
• I arrived very late at the party. All my friends hadalready gonehome.
• As soon as she had done her homework, she went to bed.
• I was very tired as I hadn't slept well for several days.
• Had you seen the film before?

Notice how often words like already, just, never etc. are used with the past perfect.

In reported speech

The past perfect is common when we report people's words or thoughts .., as in the following examples:

• John said that he had never eatensushi before.
• She told me that she had finished, but I knew she had not.
• She wondered why he had been so unkind to her.
• He told me he hadn't done his homework, but he was hoping to finish it on the bus.
• I thought I had sent her a birthday card, but I was wrong.

In if (conditional) sentences

The past perfect tense is used in unreal or hypothetical stituations, as in the following sentences:

• If I had known you were in Frankfurt, I would have called you. (but I didn't know you were here so I didn't call you!)
• If I had had enough money, I would have bought you a better present. (but I didn't have enough money.)
• I would have been very angy if you had laughed when I got the answer wrong. (but you didn't laugh, so I wasn't angry.)
• She wouldn't have been able to finish, if you hadn't helped her. (but you did help her and she did finish.)
• I wish I had studied for my exams. (but I didn't study - and I got bad grades!)
• I would have been in big trouble if you hadn't helped me. (but you did help me so I stayed out of trouble.)

Exercises:

A) Past Perfect

Conjugate the verb in parentheses in the past perfect tense. In the case of questions, use the indicated subject as well.

1. They ____ (eat) before he arrived.

2. ____ (you finish) the report before he asked for it?

3. Jennifer _____ (buy) the house before the market crashed.

4. What _____ (she do) that upset him so much?

5. Our boss _____ (not make) the decision yet when management changed their mind.

6. The students _____ (write) the report, but the teacher made them do it again.

7. Mark _____ (want) to go to New York, but his wife changed his mind.

8. _____ (they invest) in that stock before the market improved?

9. Alex _____ (not do) the gardening before it started raining.

10. We _____ (eat already) so we weren't hungry.

11. _____ (Tom choose) the color for his room before he was asked to paint it black?

12. Sarah _____ (drive) three hundred miles by the time she arrived in Tacoma.

13. Few people _____ (understand) the news when the consequences began to appear.

14. The reporter _____ (not tell) the cameraman to get ready when the president walked into the room.

15. Bob _____ (purchase) the first generation iPad two weeks before the second generation was introduced.

16. I _____ (print) the report before he gave me the updates.

17. _____ (Henry come) home before the called the police?

18. She _____ (not complete) the article when the news changed everything.

19. The coach _____ (reserve) rooms for everybody so there weren't any problems.

b)Directions: Circle the 10 verbs in the past perfect tense. Identify the other event in the past that the past perfect refers to. Example: I had gone to the gym before I ate dinner. (had gone = past perfect; ate dinner = other event in the past).

Daughter	Hi Mom.
Mother	Hello. What’s going on?
Daughter	Oh, nothing. Can I talk to you about your past?
Mother	Sure. What would you like to know?
Daughter	I want to know about your life before you had children.
Mother	Oh, ok. Your father and I had been married for 10 years before we decided to have children, so we had spent a lot of time getting to know each other.
Daughter	Had you ever thought of having children?
Mother	Yes, we had. We had actually planned on adopting children. We had started the adoption process, and we had set up the spare bedrooms for children. Then, one day, I got sick. It turned out to be morning sickness.
Daughter	What about before you got married?
Mother	Your father said he had noticed me at work, but he never asked me out. Finally, he had gotten up the nerve to ask me out. I said yes.
Daughter	Did you have any regrets?
Mother	I had never really thought about it.

Listening College Life

Listen and complete the answers.

1. What does the man want to do after he graduates?
A. He wants to become a teacher.
B. He hopes to go on to graduate school.
C. He'd like to work at a hotel.

2. What is the woman majoring in?
A. history
B. French
C. computer science

3. How does the woman pay for college?
A. She has a part-time job.
B. She received a scholarship.
C. Her parents are paying for it.

4. Where does the man work part-time?
A. at a bakery
B. in a library
C. at a restaurant

5. What thing did the man NOT say about his job?
A. His co-workers are friendly.
B. He works long hours.
C. The pay is okay.

Speaking

Speak about the University’s academic activity using the following words and word-combinations:

wide choice of programmes; Bachelor’s programmes in economics and management; Master’s programmes; different level of academic achievement; postgraduate and doctorate programmes; special studies; academic year; term; examination session; candidate degree; to submit a graduation paper; general education; to take the state examination.

Reading

Text My University