Задания для самостоятельной работы. Учебный элемент 9: Четыре типа слога

Учебный элемент 9: Четыре типа слога. Основные правила чтения гласных

Наибольшую сложность при чтении вызывают гласные буквы. Одна и та же буква может произноситься по-разному в зависимости от типа слога или от сочетания с другими буквами. В английском языке выделяют четыре типа слога для гласных под ударением.

I открытый гл. + согл. + е гл. на конце слова	II закрытый гл. + согл. + согл. гл. + согл. + конец слова	III гл. + r	IV гл. + r + e
name nose Pete tube nice student famous she_ my_	cat hot hen pin myth сut picture terrible number	car port her turn girl thirty curtain	care parents more here cure during fire tyre

Гласные

a
I	[ei ]	name, date, lane, plane, state, late, famous	III	[a:]	large, park, part, far, farm, dark
	[ei ]	main, aim, pain, paint, pay, day, may		[a:]	ask, task, mask, class, glass, brass
II	[æ]	man, flat, bad, tan, glad, plan, fat, back, frank	IV	[εə]	mare, stare, bare, rare, hare, careful
	[ɔ(:)]	what, want, warm, warn, war, walk		[εə]	pair, fair, hair, air, lair, dairy
	[ɔ:]	shawl, crawl, bawl, dawn, saw,hawk, fawn		[ɔ:]	wall, all, ball, small, fall, tall, call,walk,talk
i (y)
I	[ ai ]	fine, life, nine, nice, silent, type, sky, my, cry, fly, by	III	[ ɜ:]	bird, girl, firm, first, third, skirt, thirty
	[ ai ]	mild, wild, child, kind, blind, find, mind	IV	[aiә ]	fire, tired, ire, sire, wire; tyre, byre
II	[ i ]	fin, did, film, picture; myth, gypsy, wind		[ i: ]	field, piece, believe, wield,
e
I	[i:]	me, be, Pete, dene, he, she, even, eve, evening, theme	III	[ ɜ:]	term, stern, her, pert, certain, alert
	[i:]	see, leave, sea, weak, week, green, wheat, wheel	IV	[iə]	here, mere, sere, interfere, sphere
II	[e]	bed, bet, vet, ten, question, get, end		[iə]	engineer, deer, beer, dear, near
	[ju:]	new, stew, knew, few, dew,pew		[i:]	receive, ceiling, conceit, receipt
	[ u: ]	blew, grew, crew, jew.		[ ei ]	grey,they, prey,veil.
u
I	[ju:]	pupil, cube, tune, student, mule, dune, numerous	III	[ɜ:]	fur, curtain, turn, curb, bur, surd
	[ju:]	sue, due, cue, muesli	IV	[juә]	during, pure, cure, lure,
II	[ Λ ]	cup, but, nut, butter, rung, gun, luck, culture		[ u: ]	rude, rule, true, fruit, loser, blue, June, juice
o
I	[әu ]	note, go, no, rose, copy, phone, tone, lone, open	III	[ɔ:]	fork, lord, form, port, morning, or
	[әu ]	old, cold, fold, gold, hold		[ɜ:]	work, word, world, worth
II	[ ɒ ]	not, got, lock, frost, from, lot, gossip, monster	IV	[ɔ:]	store, more, core, score, tore, bore
	[u(:)]	book, foot, spoon, good, choose, tooth, zoo		[әu]	low, show, grow,snow, yellow
	[ ɔi ]	boy, coin, point, join, noisy, toy,soy,		[au]	town, brown, now, count, found, fountain
	[Λ ]	done, none, some, come, one, once		[u(:)]	do, who, whom, whose, move

Задания для самостоятельной работы

1. Подготовьте чтение примеров в таблице «Гласные».

2. Распределите следующие слова на четыре группы в соответствии с четырьмя типами слогов:

Twenty, name, five, state, got, large, husband, parents, sister, with, my, us, fish, nursery, ride, much, thirty, university, her, attach, world, Russia, land, part, dry, border, climate, hot, hill, summer, industrial, car, ship, rich, such.

Переведите эти слова на русский язык и запомните их значения.

3. Следующие слова являются фонетическими исключениями, т.е. они читаются не по тем правилам, которые представлены в таблице «Гласные». Выпишите их транскрипцию по словарю, запомните, как они читаются и переводятся.

Family, live, study, have, business, visit, heavy, were, rather, other, come, country, autumn, some, weather, through.

4. Объясните чтение следующих слов, используя таблицу «Гласные»:

Tall, fair, grey, read, good, small, deep, each, hair, eat, sweet, about, wash, food, warm, find, task, also

Запомните значения этих слов.

Учебный элемент 10: Основные правила чтения согласных

Согласные

sh	[∫]	she, shelf, shock, dish, show, cash, wish	-igh	[ai]	light, fight, bright, right, night, high
(t)ch	[t∫]	chess, bench, fetch, match, rich, catch	-tion	[∫n ]	fiction, option, instruction
ck	[k]	back, black, duck, luck, wreck, stick, clock	-ture	[t∫ә]	picture, mixture, future, creature
wr	[r]	wrest, write, wrung, wreck, wrong, wrote	-ough -augh	[ɔ:]	bought, thought, taught, daughter,
ng	[ŋ]	wrong, long, morning, ring, evening	-sion	[ʒn]	decision, confusion, illusion
qu	[kw]	question, request, quite, queen, quiet, equip	-ssion	[ ∫n ]	mission, confession, profession
kn	[n]	know, knee, knit, knight, knowlegde	ph	[ f ]	phone, sphinx, photo, physics
wh	[ w ]	white, while, wheel, wheat, what, where	dg	[dʒ]	bridge, knowledge, lodger
[ h ]	who, whose, whom
th	[ ð ]	this, that, those, the, there, within, they	x	[ks]	text, box, mixture, axe, exit
[ θ ]	thick, three, teeth, think, thousand	[gz]	exit, exam, example, auxiliary
c	[s] перед e, i, y	cent, pencil, icy, certain, circus, century, cycle, cynic	g	[ dʒ ] перед e, i, y	page, gin, gypsy, gym, wage, giant, cage
[ k ]	cap, come, cup, black, car, cow, confess, combine	[ g ]	good, green, big, goose, guide, gun, gay, get, gear, geese

Упражнение 31

Прочитайте следующие слова, объясняя произнесение согласных. Напишите транскрипции этих слов, при необходимости используйте словарь.

Large, grey, fish, much, bicycle, each, daughter, other, children, with, north, spring, natural, cultural, square, know, thousand, shelling, example, picture, huge, great, gallery, clock, place, wreath, phantom, illusion, back.

Задания для самостоятельной работы

1. Подготовьте чтение примеров в таблице «Согласные».

2. Распределите следующие слова на четыре группы в соответствии с четырьмя типами слогов:

Huge, bicycle, square, picture, big, art, famous, world, port, fine, produce, invite, go, can, station, church, construct, corner, winter, Peter, suffer, during, decorate, population, white.

Переведите эти слова на русский язык и запомните их значение.

3. Следующие слова являются фонетическими исключениями, т.е. они читаются не по тем правилам, которые представлены в фонетических таблицах «Гласные» и «Согласные». Выпишите их транскрипцию по словарю, запомните, как они читаются и переводятся.

Plant, beautiful, monarchy, theatre, heart, library, cathedral, architect, palace, river, head, great, island, science, young, youth, often.

Таблицы для чтения

(Курсивом выделены слова, которые читаются не по правилам)

1 [ i ] - [ ai ]	2 [ɜ: ] – [ aiə]	3 [ i ] - [ ai ]	4 [ ei ]
Fit - “fite”	Dirty - dire	Children - child	Rain - day
Bit - bite	Bird - “bire”	Wish - wild	Main - may
Rid - ride	Stir - sire	Wind - find	Again - stay
Sit - site	First – fired	Winter - mild	Paint - pay
Film - file	Firm - hire	Live - kind	Afraid - ray
Skip - skipe	Skirt - mire	Window - write	Gain – gay
Will - while	Shirt - shire	Myth – type	Explain - aim
Milk - smile	Girl - tire	Physics – sky	Mail - remain
Stick - strike	Whirl - wire	Gypsy - cry	Grey - they

5 [iə] - [εə ]	6 [æ] - [ ei ]	7 [ a:] - [εə ]
Ear - air	Dad - date	Car - care
Hear - pair	Fat - fate	Star - stare
Near - fair	Sam - same	Bar - bare
Dear - hair	Plan - plane	Garden - glare
Fear - chair	Can - cane	Mark - mare
Year - pear	Cat - skate	Far - fare
Sphere - bear	Man - mane	Yard - parents
Interfere - wear	Map - make	Dark - compare
8 [Λ]	9 [ u ] - [ u(:) ]	10 [ ou ]	11 [ au ]	12 [ ju ]
Some	Book - Moon	Window	Now - noun	New
Come	Good - Spoon	Follow	Power - loudly	Few
Done	Look - Room	Snow	How - house	Knew
None	Foot - School	Show	Cow - count	Stew
One	Cook - Cool	Know	Town - mouse	Dew
Once	Wood - whom	Grow	Towel - mouth	New
Other	Wool - whose	Low	Flower - found	Pew
Love	Put - who	Crow	Down - about	Mew
Gloves	Move - lose			Due

13 [ ɜ:]	14 [ a:] – [ ɔ:] - [ ɔ:]	15 [ i: ] - [ ɜ:]	16 [e ] – [ ɒ]
Earn	Ask – wall – saw	He – her	Pet – pot
Learn	Task – all – crawl	Dene – term	Sing - song
Earth	Mask – tall – dawn	Beta - certain	Question – shock
Pearl	Class – fall - bawl	Receive – curtain	Wrest – wrong
Early	Glass – walk - shawl	Ceiling – turn	Chess – option
Heard	Brass – talk – fawn	Field – fur	Shelf - gone
Dearth	Answer – call - sawn	Believe - curb
17 [ i: ]	18 [ ei ]	20 [ai] - [ ei ]	19 [ Λ ] - [ ju ]
Each - green	Great	Fine – fane	Tub – tube
Clean - bee	Break	Bike - bake	Funny - fuse
Meat - meet	[ e ]	Ride - rake	Must - music
Sea - see	Bread	Mile - make	Much - mute
Weak - week	Head	Smile - male	Study - student
Eat - cheese	Heavy	Like - lake	Nut – nude
Easy - three	Weather	Shine - shame	Us - use
Dream - read	Pleasure	Site - save	Under - usually
	Measure		Pub – pupil
	Treasure	[ u (:) ]	Cut - computer
[εə ]	Sweater	June	Just - confusion
there	[iə]	July	Jump - tulip
their	Really	junior
		rude

21 [ ∫ ]	22 [ t∫ ]	23 [ dʒ ]	24 [ ʒ ]
Shame – option	Child – children	Jet - junior	Pleasure
Shake - decoration	Chess – such	Jam - jump	Measure
Shelves – condition	Match - much	Juice - James	Treasure
Shown – instruction	Chalk – chaise	June - July	Decision
Shoes - social	Change – picture	Gym- gesture	Illusion
Share - ancient	Chair - future	Page - cage	Confusion
Shelter – musician	Check - creature	Wage - stage	Visual
Sure - profession	Each - lecture	Gentle - giant	Usual
Sugar - machine	Teach - teacher	Bridge - lodger	Casual
	[ k ]	Hedgehog
	Technical	Knowledge
	Mechanical	Soldier
	Chemistry

25 [iə] - [ ɜ:]	26 [w] – [ð]	27 [ɜ:] - [iə] - [iə]
Hear -heard	When - then	Her - here - hear
Dear - dearth	Where - there	Stern – sere - sear
Ear - earn	What - that	Fern – fere - fear
Near - pearl	[ ɒ ]	confirm – interfere
Year - yearly	Want	first - atmosphere
	What
	Was

Прочитайте следующие слова, применяя правила чтения

1.	Fat, fate, farm, fame, fare, fall, fawn, foot, feet, feat, flame, first, fire, fair.	Bake, back, bark, boot, beat, bare, ball, blame, blind, birthday, berth, bar, bite.
2.	Pike, pick, per, purse, pot, port, paw, pee, pare, pear, press, pond, pain, pay,	Lake, like, lime, live, life, lace, luck, lost, lord, lure, last, lecture, large, land, lack, lot, lone.
3.	Dash, duck, duke, dirty, dare, desk, dull, doll, duty, district, defend.	Make, mile, main, mail, mild, mock, milk, middle, mark, mare, mixture
4.	Quality, question, quiet, quite, queen, request, require, square.	Game, girl, goose, grass, green, gun, great, gesture, gypsy, gym,
5.	There, then, that, than, those, this, these, they, their, them, think, thought, theme, three, thirty, third	West, wax, wail, while, wheel, wheat, war, when, what, work, wire, write, wrong, wrest, with, within.
6.	Sake, same, skate, sad, suddenly, surface, student, study, sort, snake.	Certain, cent, car, careful, claim, club, cube, curtain, cow, came, come.
7.	Nail, night, number, note, nut, nursery, nature, net, neat, new.	Rate, ride, rude, room, rat, right, risk, rule, race, rival, red, rice, rare, rubber.
8.	File, bill, night, bird, fire, skirt, mild, wire, find, piece, third.	Glad, fate, glass, pain, fair, hand, far, rare, small, want, map, spade, saw.
9.	Meet, me, mean, theme, met, term, here, ten, even, near, new, her.	Fur, tune, but, cure, rung, pupil, turn, mature, rude, due, June, summer.
10.	Spoon, join, snow, count, lock, fork, phone, lot, score, low, noisy, tore.	My, fly, type, myth, tyre, copy, fifty, candy, physics, cry, byre, twenty.

Приблизительное соответствие знаков английской фонетической транскрипции звукам русского языка

Гласные

	Долгие гласные			Краткие гласные
[ i:]	как и в слове ива;	[ i ]	как и в слове игра;
[ a: ]	как а в слове палка;	[ e ]	как э в слове это;
[ɔ:]	как о в слове полный;	[ɒ ]	как о в слове торт;
[u:]	как у в слове мул;	[υ ]	как у в слове тут;
[ә:] [ɜ:]	как ё в слове свёкла; средний между о и ё	[ Λ ]	как а в слове камыш;
[ æ ]	очень открытый, широкий э;
		[ ə ]	безударный гласный, как второе о в слове холодно;

Дифтонги

[ ai ]	Как ай в слове майка;		[ oυ ] [əυ]	как оу;
[ ei ]	Как ей в слове лейка;		[εə ]	как эа;
[ɔi ]	Как ой в слове сойка;		[ iə ]	как иэ;
[au ]	Как ау в слове пауза;		[υə ]	как уэ;

Согласные

[ p ] – п	[ k ] – к	[ m ] – м	[ ∫ ] – ш
[ b ] – б	[ g ] [ g ] – г	[ n ] – н	[ t∫ ] – ч
[ f ] – ф	[ t ] – т	[ s ] – с	[ ʒ ] – ж
[ v ] – в	[ d ] – д	[ z ] – з	[dʒ ] – дж

[ l ]	л,произносится несколько мягче перед гласными [i, i:, e, ei, εə]	[ŋ ]	н(носовой)
[ r ]	как рв слове жребий;	[ j ]	йкак в слове майор;
[ h ]	х (произносится на выдохе, слабо);	[ju]	как ю в слове южный;
[ w ]	в(произносится одними губами);	[je]	как е в слове ель;
[ θ ]	с (кончик языка – между зубами);	[jɔ]	как ёв слове ёлка;
[ ð ]	з(кончик языка – между зубами);	[jΛ]	как а в слове яма;