One of your friends is going to immigrate. Persuade him(her) not to do it. Give as many reasons as you can.

Contents

#	Part I
1.	The United Kingdom of Great Britan.
	Unit I
	State System of Great Britain
2.	Legislative branch of the British Government.
	-The House of Commons
	-Making new laws, Bills and Acts
	-The House of Lords
	Unit II
3.	Executive branch of the British Government
	-British Government
	-Three parts of the executive: the Privy Council; the Ministry; Government Departments;
	Unit III
4.	Elections in Great Britain
	-Standing as a candidate at an Election
	-Major parties in the Commons
	Unit IV
5.	Monarchy of the UK
	-Elizabeth II
	-The Royal Family
	Unit IV
6.	About the Commonwealth
	Part II
1.	The USA
	Unit I
2.	US Government
	Executive branch: President, Vice-President and the Cabinet
	Legislative branch: the Congress
	The judicial system of the U.S.A
	Unit II
3.	US Constitution
	The Bill of Rights
	Checks and Balances
	Unit III
4.	Major political parties
	Elections
	Part III
1.	The Russian Federation
	Unit I
2.	The Political system of the Russian Federation
	Part IV Home reading
	State system of Great Britain
	Ancient institution
	Functions and powers of the monarch
	History and structure of the British Parliament
	The two Houses of the British Parliament
	The House of Commons
	The Queen and the Prime Minister
	The Cabinet and the Prime Minister
	Government Departments
	Federalism: state and local governments
	Political attitudes
	Courts in the United States
	Cost of government
	The Constitution as a supreme law
	The law making process
	Power in international relations
	Elections
	Appendix I
	List of Prime Ministers of Queen Elizabeth II
	List of the UK Government Departments
	House of Windsor
	List of the members of the Royal Family
	List of Commonwealth countries
	List of the states of the USA
	List of the US Presidents
	List of the US Government Departments
	Appendix II
	Writing an essay
	Writing a business letter
	Writing a CV (curriculum vitae)
	Bibliography

Предисловие

Уважаемый студент!

Добро пожаловать на второй курс! В этом году Вам предстоит научиться применять полученные Вами ранее знания, чтобы грамотно и точно переводить с английского языка на русский тексты по Вашей специальности, извлекать из них информацию как с помощью словаря, так и без него. Недаром теперь наш предмет называется «Иностранный язык в профессиональной сфере». Для того, чтобы справляться с такого рода заданиями, Вам предстоит овладеть определенной терминологией. Знание такой лексики могут помочь Вам при сдаче экзамена в конце второго курса.

Данный сборник состоит из трех частей: первые две части – это непосредственно тексты по специальности, предназначенные для аудиторной работы, а также раздел для самостоятельной работы: «Home reading». Для работы с текстами из третьей части Вам понадобится англо-русский словарь, чтобы выписывать незнакомые слова в тетрадь и их транскрипцию с тем, чтобы подготовиться к хорошему переводу и чтению. В конце каждого из таких текстов указано количество печатных знаков. Таким образом Вы сможете вести учет сданных печатных знаков и фиксировать их в Листе учета прочитанных текстов. Преподаватель ставит оценку и расписывается в листе учета.

Образец:

Название текста	Кол-во знаков	Дата	Оценка	Подпись преподавателя
British State System		15.10.2013

Помимо основных двух разделов в сборнике имеется руководство по написанию эссе (Appendix II) – небольшого сочинения на определенную тему, делового письма и резюме, необходимого при устройстве на работу.

На экзамене Вам будут предложены три задания:

1. Чтение и точный письменный перевод текста по специальности на 1000 печатных знаков с использованием словаря (30 минут);

2. Пересказ текста по специальности на 1500 печатных знаков на русском языке без словаря (15 минут);

3. Беседа по одной из тем: «My family»; «My day»; «Our University»; «Russia»; «Great Britain»; «The USA».

Желаю удачи!

Unit I

Unit I.

The Russian Federation

1.Read the words correctly. See the dictionary if necessary:

Europe, Asia, an area, climate, resources, highly industrialized, chemical, a cucumber, scientific.

Vocabulary

landscape[’lænd‚skeɪp]	ландшафт
coal [kəʋl]	уголь
copper	медь
iron [’aɪən]	железо
undergo [‚ʌndər’gəʋ]	испытывать, подвергаться
cereal [’sɪrɪəl]	злак
wheat [wi:t]	пшеница
rye [raɪ]	рожь
buckwheat [’bʌkwi:t]	гречиха
barley [’bɑ:rlɪ]	ячмень
Oats	овес
carrots	морковь
beetroots	свекла
onion [’ʌnjən]	лук
cabbage [’kæbɪdʒ]	капуста
to raise [reɪz]	выращивать
Wool	шерсть
poultry [’pəʋltrɪ]	домашняя птица
to provide/to supply [prə’vaɪd]/ [sə’plaɪ]	обеспечивать, снабжать
a sight [saɪt]	достопримечательность

1.Read and translate the text:

Russia is the largest country in the world. It is situated in Europe and Asia. Its total area is over 17 million square kilometers. Because of the vast territory the country has different climate in different parts. The landscape of the country is also different. The population of the Russian Federation is about 145 million people.

Russia is among the world leaders in mineral resources. It is rich in coal, oil, natural gas, iron, copper etc. Russia is a highly industrialized country. Its oil and chemical industries are well developed.

As for agriculture, it is undergoing reforms and changes. There are two main branches of agriculture: animal breeding and crop growing. Farmers of Russia grow such cereals as wheat, rye, buckwheat, barley and oats. They grow vegetables such as potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, carrots, beetroots, onions and cabbage. Animal breeding is developed all over the country. Farmers raise cows for milk and meat; sheep are kept for their wool and meat. Farmers breed poultry: hens, ducks and geese. Farms are provided with tractors, combine-harvesters, trucks and other farm machinery. The chief aim of agriculture is to supply industry with raw materials and population with food.

The Russian Federation is a free union of a number of regions, territories and republics called the subjects of the federation. Under the Constitution (1993) Russia is a presidential republic.

The capital of the country is Moscow. Founded in 1147 it has become over years the most important political, industrial, scientific and cultural centre of the country and the seat of the government. The Red Square, the Kremlin and lots of other sights attract tourists from all over the world to Moscow.

Russia has always played an important role in the world. It is a peace-loving country and a member of many peaceful organizations.

2.Find the English equivalents for:общая площадь, минеральные ресурсы, высоко-промышленная страна, отрасли сельского хозяйства, животноводство, растениеводство, с/х техника, обеспечить промышленность сырьем, президентская республика, научный центр, местопребывание правительства.

3.Say in English:

a)Россия - большая страна.

b)Климат (ландшафт) России разнообразный.

c)Россия находится в Европе и Азии.

d)Россия богата минеральными ресурсами.

e)Животноводство и растениеводство - отрасли с/х в России.

f)Фермеры выращивают злаки.

g)Фермеры разводят животных и домашнюю птицу.

h)Россия – президентская республика.

i)Москва – столица России.

4. Divide the text into parts. Match the parts with the information given in them:

a) Agriculture of Russia.

b) The capital of Russia.

c) Geography of Russia.

d) State system of Russia.

e) Mineral resources of Russia.

5.Find the key words from each part. Make a plan and try to retell the text using it. For example:

I. Geography of Russia.

a) situation;

b) climate and landscape;

c) population;

d) main mineral resources.

6.Say what you like and what you don’t like about living in the Russian Federation.

One of your friends is going to immigrate. Persuade him(her) not to do it. Give as many reasons as you can.

Example: Russia is your native country, you were born here.

8. In groups of 5-6 people think out (выдумайте) a country of your own and describe it. Use the plan below:

-name;

-situation;

-size (big or small);

-weather;

-people(appearance);

-political system;

-head of the state;

-currency used( the rate in rubles);

-language (-s) spoken.

Unit II.

Great Britain

Give some information about Great Britain. What can you say in connection with?:

a) London;

b) Oxford;

c) Manchester;

d) Elizabeth II;

e) Shakespeare;

f) The Thames;

g) The Beatles;

h) Big Ben;

i) Margaret Thatcher;

j) The Tower of London.

Situation: the British Isles

Total area: 244,000sq km

Population: 62,000,000

Capital: London

1.Read the words using a dictionary:an isle, official, a kingdom, Northern Ireland, Europe, area, a queen, London, the Thames, ideal, scientific, an achievement.

Vocabulary

the English Channel	Ламанш
the United[ juˈnaɪtɪd] Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	Соединенное королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии
the British Isles[aɪl]	Британские острова
a head [hed]	глава, голова
a monarch[ ˈmɒnək] / monarchy	монарх, монархия
power	сила, власть
coal mining [’maɪnɪŋ]	добыча угля
machinery [mə’ʃi:nərɪ]	машиностроение
textiles[ˈtekstaɪl] and clothing	легкая промышленность
favourable [’feɪvərəbəl]	благоприятный
a pear [peə]	груша
widespread [’waɪdspred]	распространенный

2.Read and translate the text:

1.Britain has several names: Britain, Great Britain, the British Isles, but its official name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK). It is situated on the British Isles lying to the west of Europe and is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, the Arctic Ocean in the north, the North Sea in the east and the English Channel in the south.

2.The United Kingdom consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The total area of the country is 244 thousand square kilometers, the population is 62 million people.

3.Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. It means that the head of the state is a monarch but his power is limited by the Constitution. English queens or kings do not rule the country, it is done by Parliament.

4.The capital of Great Britain is London, the seventh biggest city in the world. It is situated on the river Thames not very far from the sea, and it is an important seaport.

5.Britain is a highly developed industrial country. Its main industries are coal mining, machinery, textiles and clothing, shipbuilding, electronics, etc.

6.Agriculture is a highly developed branch of the British economy. The temperate climate of Great Britain is favourable for vegetable growing. Vegetables are grown in many parts of the country, potatoes are grown everywhere. The south of England is often called “Garden of England” because it is the main area for growing apples, pears, cherries and other fruits and flowers. The most widespread arable crops grown in Great Britain are wheat, barley and oats. The climate of Great Britain is ideal for cattle breeding. England and Scotland have many sheep and cattle farms, where meat, milk, butter and cheese are produced. Pig farms are numerous in the country.

The application of scientific and technological achievements has made the economy of the United Kingdom highly productive.