МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ ПО ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ КОНТРОЛЬНЫХ РАБОТ. Кафедра иностранных языков
Кафедра иностранных языков
Задания и методические указания
Для выполнения контрольных работ по дисциплине
«английский язык»
Для студентов заочной формы обучения
всех специальностей
Екатеринбург 2007
Задания и методические указания для выполнения контрольных работ по дисциплине «Английский язык» для студентов заочной формы обучения всех специальностей. Екатеринбург: Изд-во Рос. гос. проф.-пед. ун-та, 2007г. 44 с.
Составители: Т.С.Ежова, Л.В.Совдагарова
Одобрено на заседании кафедры иностранных языков.
Протокол №4 от 23.11.2006.
Зав. кафедрой ИЯ И.Д. Белеева
Рекомендованы к печати методическим советом Института лингвистики. Протокол № 5 от 22.01.2007 г.
Председатель методического совета Т.А.Знаменская
| ©Российский государственный профессионально-педагогический университет, 2007 |
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Введение ……………………………………………………………………. 4
Методические рекомендации по выполнению контрольных работ ……. 4
Список рекомендуемой литературы ……………………………………… 6
Оформление контрольных работ …………………………………………. 6
Контрольная работа №1 ……………………………………………………. 8
Вариант 1 ……………………………………………………………. 9
Вариант 2 ……………………………………………………………. 11
Вариант 3 …………………………………………………………….. 13
Вариант 4 …………………………………………………………….. 15
Вариант 5 …………………………………………………………….. 17
Контрольная работа №2 …………………………………………………… 19
Вариант 1 …………………………………………………………….. 19
Вариант 2 ……………………………………………………………. 21
Вариант 3 ……………………………………………………………. 23
Вариант 4 ……………………………………………………………. 25
Вариант 5 …………………………………………………………….. 26
Контрольная работа №3 ……………………………………………………. 28
Вариант 1 …………………………………………………………….. 29
Вариант 2 …………………………………………………………….. 31
Вариант 3 …………………………………………………………….. 32
Вариант 4 …………………………………………………………….. 34
Вариант 5 ………………………………………………………………36
Контрольная работа №4 ………………………………………………….. 37
Вариант 1 …………………………………………………………….. 38
Вариант 2 ……………………………………………………………. 39
Вариант 3 …………………………………………………………… 41
Вариант 4 ……………………………………………………………. 42
Вариант 5 …………………………………………………………… 43
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Практическое владение иностранными языками приобретает все большее значение для всех специалистов нашей страны. Повышение качества перевода зарубежной информации играет большую роль в развитии научно-технического прогресса и укреплении международного сотрудничества в различных областях науки, культуры и техники.
Основной целью при заочной форме обучения в неязыковых вузах является практическое владение иностранными языками. Это означает умение самостоятельно читать и переводить со словарем литературу по специальности для извлечения полезной информации.
Для развития навыков чтения решающими факторами являются: а) накопление словарного запаса; б) овладение грамматическими формами и оборотами, необходимыми для понимания текста и перевода его с английского языка на русский.
Требования к зачетам и экзаменам.Зачеты и экзамены проводятся в соответствии с учебным планом университета.
К зачету необходимо выполнить контрольные задания (один вариант) и перевести самостоятельно 5 тысяч печатных знаков текста на иностранном языке.
Экзаменсостоит из: 1) письменного перевода текста по специальности со словарем объемом 1200 – 1500 печатных знаков (время на выполнение – 30-40 минут); 2) просмотрового чтения – краткого изложения содержания текста на русском языке объемом 1500 печатных знаков за 15 минут.
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ ПО ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ КОНТРОЛЬНЫХ РАБОТ
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольное задание №1, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованным учебникам:
1.Имя существительное.Множественное число. Артикли и предлоги как показатели имени существительного. Выражение падежных отношений в английском языке с помощью предлогов и окончания ‘s.Существительное в функции определения и егоперевод на русский язык.
2.Имя прилагательное.Степени сравнения имен прилагательных. Конструкции типаthe more ... the less, much more interesting .
3.Числительные.
4. Местоимения:личные, притяжательные, вопросительные, указательные, неопределенные и отрицательные.
5. Форма настоящего (Present), прошедшего (Past) и будущего (Future) времен группы Simpleдействительного залога изъявительного наклонения. Спряжение глаголов to be, to have в Present, Past и Future Simple. Повелительное наклонение и его отрицательная форма.
6. Простое распространенное предложение: прямой порядок слов повествовательного и побудительного предложений в утвердительной и отрицательной формах; обратный порядок слов вопросительного предложения. Оборот there is (are).
Чтобы правильно выполнить контрольное задание №2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованным учебникам:
1. Видо-временные формы глагола: а) активный залог – формы Simple, Progressive и Perfect в Present, Past и Future; б) пассивный залог – формы Simple (Present, Past, Future). Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.
2. Модальные глаголы: а) модальные глаголы, выражающие возможность: can (could), may и эквивалент глагола can – to be able to;эквивалент глагола may – to be allowed to;
b) модальный глаголmust, выражающий долженствование и его эквиваленты: to have to и to be to.
3. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I (Present Participle) и Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства.
4. Определительные и дополнительные придаточные предложения (союзные); придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.
Чтобы правильно выполнить контрольное задание №3, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованным учебникам:
1. Грамматические функции и значения слов it, that, one.
2. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice) видо-временных форм (Simple, Progressive, Perfect).
3. Функции глаголов to be, to have, to do.
4. Простые неличные формы глагола: инфинитив в функции подлежащего, составной части сказуемого, определения, дополнения и обстоятельства цели. Герундий. Отличия герундия от причастия .
5. Выражение приказания и просьбы с помощью глагола to let.
6. Бессоюзное подчинение в определительных и дополнительных придаточных предложениях.
Чтобы правильно выполнить контрольное задание № 4, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка:
1. Обороты, равнозначные придаточным предложениям: объектный инфинитивный оборот, субъектный инфинитивный оборот, независимый причастный оборот.
2. Сложные формы инфинитива и причастия (см. грамматические комментарии к контрольному заданию №3).
3. Условные предложения трех типов.
Перед выполнением контрольных работ необходимо изучить следующую литературу:
Основная литература
1. Федорова Л.М., Никитаев С.Н. Деловой английский: 30 уроков для студентов-юристов. М.: Гардарики, 2002.
2. Полякова Т.Ю., Синявская Е.В., Тынкова О.И. Английский язык для инженеров. М.: Высшая школа, 2005.
3. Шпетный К.И., Калмыкова Е.И., Захарова М.А. Английский для экономистов. М.: ГИС, 2006.
4. Полякова Т.Ю. Английский для диалога с компьютером. М.: Высшая школа, 2006.
Дополнительная литература
1. Орловская И.В., Самсонова А.С. Учебник английского языка для студентов технических университетов и вузов. М.: Изд-во МГТУ им. Н.Э. Бау-
мана, 2000.
2. Коваленко П.И. Английский для психологов. Ростов-н/Д: Феникс, 2000.
3.Шевелева С.А. Английский для гуманитариев. М.: Юнити, 2000.
ОФОРМЛЕНИЕ КОНТРОЛЬНЫХ РАБОТ
1. Количество контрольных заданий, выполняемых Вами на каждом курсе, устанавливается учебным планом университета. На установочной сессии Вы получите точный график контрольных работ. Каждое контрольное задание данного пособия предваряется подробным грамматическим комментарием и упражнениями, которые следует самостоятельно проработать для правильного выполнения контрольного задания.
2. Каждое контрольное задание в данных методических указаниях предлагается в пяти вариантах. Вы должны выполнить один из пяти вариантов.
3. Выполнять письменные контрольные работы следует в отдельной тетради (дискете). На обложке тетради (титульном листе) напишите свою фамилию, номер своей зачетной книжки, номер контрольной работы, номер варианта, факультет, группу. Номер варианта определяется по последней цифре зачетной книжки. Например: Ваша зачетная книжка имеет номер 2854. Значит, Вы выполняете 4-й вариант. Если номер Вашей зачетной книжки заканчивается на цифры 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, то Вы выполняете соответственно 1-й,
2-й, 3-й, 4-й или 5-й вариант.
4. Контрольные работы должны выполняться аккуратно, четким почерком. При выполнении контрольной работы оставляйте в тетради широкие поля для объяснений и методических замечаний рецензента. Не забывайте указать задание к выполняемому упражнению.Материал контрольной работы следует выполнять по образцу:
| Левая страница | Правая страница | ||
| Поля | Английский текст | Русский текст | Поля |
Если Вы выполняете контрольную работу на компьютере, то используйте следующий образец:
| Поля | Английский текст | Русский текст | Поля |
5. Контрольные работы должны быть выполнены в той последовательности, в которой они даны в настоящем пособии.
6. Выполненные контрольные работы направляйте в университет в установленные сроки.
7. Если контрольная работа выполнена без соблюдения указаний или не полностью, она возвращается без проверки.
Исправление работы на основе рецензий
1. При получении от рецензента проверенной контрольной работы, внимательно прочитайте рецензию, ознакомьтесь с замечаниями и проанализируйте отмеченные в работе ошибки.
2. Руководствуясь указаниями рецензента, проработайте еще раз грамматические комментарии. Все предложения, в которых были допущены орфографические и грамматические ошибки или неточности перевода, перепишите в исправленном виде в конце данной работы.
3. Только после того, как будут выполнены все указания рецензента и исправлены все ошибки, можно приступить к изучению материала очередного контрольного задания и его выполнению.
4. Отрецензированные работы являются учебными документами, которые необходимо сохранять. Помните о том, что во время зачета или экзамена производится проверка усвоенного материала, вошедшего в контрольные работы.
Письменные консультации
Следует сообщить своему рецензенту о всех затруднениях, возникающих у вас при самостоятельном изучении английского языка, а именно: А) какие предложения в тексте, упражнения вызывают затруднения при переводе; Б) какой раздел грамматики вам непонятен; В) какие правила, пояснения, формулировки неясны. При этом укажите название учебника или учебного пособия, по которому Вы занимаетесь, издательство, год издания, страницу учебника, номер упражнения.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №1
Образец выполнения 1 (к упражнению 1)
| 1. My brother’s friend often comes to our place. 2. These students are from our University. | 1. Друг моего брата часто приходит к нам. Brother’s- форма притяжательного падежа имени существительного в единственном числе. Comes- 3-е лицо единственного числа от глагола to come в Present Simple. 2. Эти студенты - из нашего университета. Students - множественное число от имени существительного a student – студент. |
Образец выполнения 2 (к упражнению 2)
| I saw him at the bus stop. | Я видел его на автобусной остановке. |
Образец выполнения 3 (к упражнению 3)
| She is as fat as her sister. These flowers are more beautiful than those ones. | Она такая же толстая, как ее сестра. Эти цветы красивее, чем те. |
Образец выполнения 4 (к упражнению 4)
| There isn’t any butter in the fridge. He bought some juice. There are no good book shops in our district. | В холодильнике нет масла. Он купил сок. В нашем районе нет хороших книжных магазинов. |
Образец выполнения 5 (к упражнению 5)
| They live in a small village near Liverpool. She will use her father’s computer. | Они живут в маленькой деревне около Ливерпуля. live- Present Simple от глагола to live. Она воспользуется компьютером ее отца. will use- Future Simple от глагола to use. |
ВАРИАНТ 1
I.Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-его лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1. The teacher points at the blackboard when he wants to explain something.
2. Computers and lasers are being widely introduced at plants and factories.
3. Great changes in people’s lives and work were brought about by the scientific and technological progress.
4. The electronic industry produces several types of minicomputers.
II.Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. This instrument is a key tool of the atomic age and is used for studying radioactivity.
2. Bad weather conditions make pilots switch over to automatic control.
3. Joint efforts of people throughout the world make it possible to achieve some progress in environment protection.
III.Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1. The Americans say that in the USA the buildings are taller, the cigars are longer, the cars are bigger and the girls are prettier than anywhere in the world.
2. If you make half-hour breaks while getting ready for your exams your brain will work much more efficiently.
3. The sooner you take your medicine the better you will feel.
4. This room is not so comfortable as that one on the first floor.
IV.Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений.
1. We didn’t have any time to discuss his new invention.
2. There is future for microelectronics in automobiles.
3. You should take any bus that goes from here towards the railway station and get off at the third stop.
4. Some students have come, the rest are still taking their exams.
V.Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо - временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. It was difficult to translate the text without a dictionary.
2. They had no lectures last week.
3. During the course of study our students will carry out their practical work in well-equipped laboratories.
4. At higher schools specialization generally begins in the third year.
VI.Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
The United States of America, commonly called the United States or simply America, is a federal republic comprising 50 states and the District of Columbia. The total area is 9.4 mln. sq. km. The United States today hold the leading position in the capitalist world. The USA is situated in the southern part of North America and is washed by the Atlantic ocean in the east and the Pacific ocean in the west. The Atlantic Ocean is of great importance to the USA for its sea communications with Europe, Africa and South America. The largest ports are on the Atlantic Coast.
The Americans are really a nation of nations, and the USA is the country where all principal languages are spoken. The United States of America is a federation of states which was established by the Constitution in 1787. Each state has its own government and its own capital city. The Federal Government is divided into three branches: legislative, executive and judicial, and these three branches are represented respectively by Congress, the President and the Supreme Court. In other words, all legislative powers are vested in a Congress of the United States, which consists of a Senate and House of Representatives. The executive power is vested in a President, who holds office for 4 years.
The USA has large reserves of all the more widely used minerals except tin. The country produces enough of some minerals to meet all its own needs and to ship to other counties as well. The American West occupies 40 per cent of US territory and has 17 per cent of the population, produces 14 per cent of crude oil, and 10 per cent of natural gas. It ranks first in the production of uranium, nickel, copper and molybdenum ores. Half of working population of the USA is employed in the sphere of industry and half in services. Dining halls, cafeterias, restaurants and other units offer daily 160 mln dishes or 20 per cent of all the food produced in the USA. Agriculture is one of the most important fields of economy tightly bound with industry, trade and the services within the framework of the agro-industrial complex.
At present the Union comprises 50 states administratively united by the Federal Government in Washington. Its only industry is a government. As the nation’s capital and a seat of the Federal Government, it is the heart of the country.
ВАРИАНТ 2
I.Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s-, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно :
а) показателем 3-его лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1. He spends all his money on books.
2. Our lecturer’s book on strength of materials is well-known and popular.
3. The important feature of our education is that it combines theory with practical training.
4. Before Faraday’s inventions the only source of electricity was the galvanic battery.
II.Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. This research instrument is used for accelerating particles.
2. The space flight of Gagarin caused a sensation throughout the world.
3. A Japanese company is planning to install several more electronic devices on the car instrument panel.
III.Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1. You should practice more often if you want to improve your language.
2. This exercise is easier than the next one.
3. The most environmentally-friendly way of solving traffic problems is to use more widely public transportation.
4. The more attention you pay to your children’s education, the better results they achieve.
IV.Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений.
1. There are no students in the library.
2. Some institutes of technology are reorganized into universities.
3. Do you need any books to prepare for your report?
4. People no longer think of radio and television as something fantastic.
V.Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо - временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Tomorrow our teacher will give us a new task.
2. The generation of electric power increases every year.
3. Students watched the process with great attention.
4. As you know higher education in this country is accessible and free of charge.
VI.Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.
SCOTLAND
Today Scotland is part of the United Kingdom and is governed from London. There is a special minister in the Government, the Secretary of State for Scotland, who is responsible for education, local government and other important matters in Scotland. Although the legal education and banking systems are slightly different from those in England, life is very similar to the rest of the United Kingdom.
Comprising an area of some 30 000 square miles Scotland has a population of just over five million people of whom about one third live in the cities of Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Dundee. All the inhabitants speak English although about 100 000 still speak Scottish Gaelic. Many of the Scottish accents are very strong and visitors from abroad sometimes have difficulties in understanding them.
Scotland is a very mountainous country; three-fourth of its area is occupied by mountains with a great amount of moorland, in which few people live. Scotland is famous for its beautiful lakes with mountains round them.
Scottish steel has long been used chiefly by the heavy industries of Glasgow area, where shipbuilding has been paramount.
People who live in Scotland are Scots. They are also called Scottish or Scotsmen. Scotsmen will be rather annoyed if you call them Englishmen. Every Scotsman belongs to a clan. A clan is a family group: all the people of the same family belong to the same clan. There are about 300 different clans in Scotland. A Scotsman’s traditional clothes are socks, shoes, a kilt, a tie, a jacket and a bonnet. Some people in the north of Scotland wear a kilt every day. But in other parts of the country most Scottish people wear just the same clothes as the English. Scottish people like to dance very much. Glasgow has more dancing schools than any other European city.
The Scottish people have a reputation according to which they are the stingiest people in on earth. This is not true, of course, as anyone who visited Scotland will tell you. The Scottish people are very clever and simple, and they also have a natural sense of humor.
ВАРИАНТ 3
I.Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно :
а) показателем 3-его лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1. Electricity provides mankind with the energy of the future.
2. The aim of today’s foreign policy is that peace in the world should be permanent.
3. This poet’s parents died when he was only four years old.
4. He will ring me up as soon as he buys books for me.
II.Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. Nowadays the principle of radio operation seems quite simple.
2. Scientists believe new laser devices will be widely used in medicine.
3. The information system coordinates a distribution network.
III.Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1. That painting is less impressive than the one in your living room.
2. It is true that the most skyscrapers are taller than buildings in the UK, but the British think their stately homes are older and more beautiful than anything in the USA.
3. Einstein is one of the most intelligent scientists who ever lived.
4. The more automobiles appear in the streets, the worse the air in the cities is.
IV.Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений.
1. Some specialists expect that a photon can greatly increase the operation of a computer.
2. Any museum in London is of great interest to us.
3. Tsarist Russia didn’t give any money for Tsiolkovsky’s research.
4. No student of this group was in Great Britain.
V.Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо - временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The Library of Congress serves not only members of the Congress, but researchers and scientists who use it.
2. We translated many texts, but there is one more text to translate.
3. The dean will send the students to a big plant in summer.
4. Were you at the theater yesterday?
VI.Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.
GREAT BRITAIN
The official name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The total area is about 121 600 square miles. The largest islands are Great Britain proper (England, Scotland and Wales) and Ireland (Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic). Britain is separated from the continent by the English Channel which in its narrowest part is only 33 km wide. Britain has a generally mild and temperate climate. All over the world Britain was notorious for its fogs. The smoke-fogs of the big towns usually in winter time, were exceedingly unpleasant, unhealthy and dangerous to movement, but now the situation is much better.
The United Kingdom is a monarchy. The Monarchy is the most ancient secular institution in the United Kingdom. Queen Elisabeth II is a descendant of the Saxon king, Egbert. She acts only on the advice of her ministers. She reigns, but she does not rule. The Crown is the second biggest landowner in Britain. The Queen is the third richest woman in the world. Parliament is the supreme legislative authority in the United Kingdom. It consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. They are constituted on different principles, do different work in different places and meet only on occasions of symbolic significance such as the coronation and the opening of Parliament.
English people tend to be rather conservative - a little more so, perhaps, than most others. The conservative attitude consists of an acceptance of things which are familiar, and an important aspect of it is an inclination to be suspicious of anything that is strange or foreign. Conservatism on a national scale may be illustrated by reference to the public attitude to the monarchy. Apart from conservatism on a grand scale England is full of small-scale conservatisms: methods of cooking, the business of heating houses in which most English people remain strongly attached to the open fire.
England is highly industrialized and was the country in which the earliest developments of modern industry took place. Many of the great inventions which were the foundation of modern industrial processes are made by Englishmen or Scotsmen. The original basis of British industry was coal mining. Nearly all English people live in towns, big or small.
ВАРИАНТ 4
I.Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s-, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т. е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-его лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1. It became clear that television had a great influence on people’s life.
2. She promises to give me this novel for a couple of days as soon as she reads it.
3. Mathematics, strength of materials, mechanics, elements of machines as well as engineering physics are studied at technological institutes.
4. Usually a lab assistant shows the equipment to the students.
II.Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. We know he works at the problem of space communication.
2. If you make even a smallest mistake in computer language the talk breaks down and you must go to the beginning.
3. The Reading Room of the Library of Congress houses a great collection of reference books.
III.Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1. Buses require fewer parking lots, make less noise and use less road space per passenger than private cars.
2. The more effective is the technology, the quicker is the development of this country.
3. If you want to find your way around the city more easily you should buy the map of it.
4. She is not as easy to get on with as her sister.
IV.Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений.
1. This is an article that deals with some environmental problems.
2. Are there any pictures in your book?
3. There are no people in the park because it is cold.
4. By means of satellites we can communicate with any country of the world.
V.Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо - временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The use of the new equipment made it possible to minimize the number of workers.
2. Computers control nearly everything we do in the modern life.
3. We used dictionaries when we wrote a test last Monday.
4. I shall never forget this romantic story.
VI.Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.
WALES
Wales is a country of hills and mountains, the highest of which are in Snowdonia in the northwest; the tallest peak is Snowdon. Two-thirds of the population lives in the southern valleys and the lower-lying coastal areas. The chief urban centers are Cardiff, Swansea, Newport and Wrexham. Wales is a principality; prince Charles, the heir to the throne, was invested by the Queen with the title of Prince of Wales at Caernarfon Castle in 1969.
Latest figures suggest that about one-fifth of the population speaks Welsh, a language of Celtic origin. Welsh speakers are concentrated in the rural north and west. The Welsh name of the country is Cymru. Welsh has equal validity with English in law courts, bilingual education in schools is encouraged, and there has been an extended use of Welsh for official purposes and broadcasting.
The country returns 38 Members of Parliament and there are special arrangements for the discussion on Welsh affairs. For the last 60 years the industrial communities have tended to support the Labour Party in elections, ensuring a Labour majority of seats. The Secretary of State for Wales, who is the member of the Cabinet, has wide-ranging responsibilities relating to the economy, education, welfare services and the provision of amenities. The Headquarters of the administration is the Welsh Office in Cardiff, which also has an office in London. Local government is exercised through a system of elected authorities similar to that in England, and the legal system is identical to the English one.
Wales produces about 10 per cent of British opencast coal production, including all of its anthracite. Although Wales still accounts for 31 per cent of British steel production, it is now an important center for electronics, and several new high-technology businesses in related industries have been established. Although south Wales remains the principal industrial area, new industries and firms have been introduced in northeast Wales and light industry attracted to the towns in mid and north Wales rural areas.
ВАРИАНТ 5
I. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного или
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1. The lands of this farm are not far from Moscow.
2. This plane lands here every Monday.
3. He wrote an article about this engineer’s invention.
4. Their Institute houses both physical and chemistry laboratories.
II.Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. This engineer is one of the best oil experts in oil industry.
2. From the very beginning many students start independent work in students’ scientific societies.
3. A lot of foreign visitors came to Moscow to see the Victory Day Celebrations.
III.Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1. Read this text as quickly as possible.
2. The more you work, the better you know English.
3. Modern houses are much more comfortable than the old ones.
4. They discussed one of the most important problems of cybernetics.
IV.Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений.
1. Are there any students in the reading-room?
2. There are not any plants in our town.
3. There is no bread on the plate.
4. There are some courses for beginners at the University.
V.Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо - временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. It does not take me long to wash and dress in the morning.
2. They will soon graduate from the University.
3. These students had no lectures last week.
4. It was cold when we returned home last night.
VI.Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.
LIVING IN CANADA TODAY
Canada is a good example of the way peoples of different ways of life and different languages can live side-by-side under one government. The Canadian government is more British in style than American, except that it is a federal government.
Parliament is divided into two parts, the Senate and the House of Commons. Voters in each province (Canada is divided into 10 provinces and 2 territories) choose candidates from different political parties. The party that wins the most seats in the House of Commons chooses the Prime Minister, who heads Canada’s government. Senators are not elected, they are appointed by the Prime Minister.
Canada now belongs to the Commonwealth of Nations (nations which once belonged to the British Empire). Queen Elizabeth II is still the Queen of Canada. But ties with Great Britain are not so strong as they were.
Canada is unique in the Americas because it gained its Independence without fight. They celebrate it on July the 1st with fireworks and picnics. But most of Canadians do not mind that there are still some ties to the British Queen. Many like to continue old customs and still give honor to the Queen of England.
More than half of all people in Canada live in Southern Quebec and Ontario. Quebec is Canada’s oldest province and it’s largest. This province was settled by the French, and the people still follow French customs. The heart of French Quebec is its capital, Quebec city. In many ways the lower part of the city, with its narrow streets, old churches, and little houses built close together in long rows, resembles the cities of France.
Quebec is the largest province in size. Ontario is the largest in population. Some call it nation’s heartland, as it is Canada’s demographic and economic center and is a major force in national politics. It is Canada’s most industrialized province, producing half of the nation’s manufactured goods.
Ottawa, the capital of Canada, is the political and administrative center of the nation. Most national cultural institutions, including museums, archives, the National Gallery, and the National Art Center are in the city
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №2
Образец выполнения 1 (к упражнению 1)
| He was not asked at the lesson. He was writing a composition the whole evening yesterday. | Его не спрашивали на уроке. was asked – Past Simple Passive Он писал сочинение вчера весь вечер. was writing – Past Progressive Active |
Образец выполнения 2 (к упражнению 2)
| The trees growing there are not old. He is often taken to the theatre. | Деревья, растущие там, не старые. growing- Participle I, определение Его часто берут в театр. taken- Participle II, составная часть видо-временной формы Present Simple Passive от глагола to take. |
Образец выполнения 3 ( к упражнению 3)
| He will have to apologize. John was to meet his friend. Students are allowed to use dictionaries. | Ему придется извиниться. Джон должен был встретить своего друга. Студентам разрешают пользоваться словарями. |
ВАРИАНТ 1
I.Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (В) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.
А) 1. If Martin does not win, it will be the end of his sport career.
2. He liked music, but the piece she was playing had no melody for him.
3. It is the development of robots that will solve some very difficult problems of industry.
4. While Jack was sitting biting his nails, we were working out a plan to cover up our traces.
B) 1. Thousands of messages from all parts of the body are sent to and from the brain.
2. Some students will be permitted to take exams in December.
3. He was not expected to say that.
II.Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I, Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Students interested in computer engineering enter technological institutes.
2. She didn’t pay any attention to the ringing telephone.
3. Deeply shocked I left him.
4. An article discussing the new system of school education appeared in all newspapers.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. As telegraph wires couldn’t be hung over the ocean, cables had to be laid on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean.
2. Judges must be free of any political bias.
3. The development of new materials doesn’t mean that old materials should lose their significance.
4. They were allowed to continue their research.
5. Cactus plants needn’t much water. That’s why they can grow in the dry desert.
6. He will be free tomorrow and he will be able to help you.
IV.Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.
INTRODUCING LONDON
London is an ancient city. It grew up around the first point where the Roman invaders found the Thames narrow enough to build a bridge. They found a small Celtic settlement there and by A.D. 300 they had turned it into a sizable port and an important trading center with a wall which enclosed the homes of about 50 000 people.
Some 9 million people now live in London and its suburbs, and the city covers an area of 620 square miles, making it one of the largest of the world’s capitals. One reason for its size is that the English people like to live in small houses and have small gardens. As a result, less than 5 000 people live in the City of London, while more than half a million come here to work in the daytime. Today London is the capital of Great Britain and is also the seat of the Royal Family, the Parliament, the major administrative bodies and scientific institutions.
The Houses of Parliament stand on the bank of the river Thames at Westminster Abbey. Actually it is one building but it is called “Houses” as it consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. It was set up in the 13th century. At one end of the Houses of Parliament there is a tower with a large clock. The largest bell, known as Big Ben, chimes in the hour.
Westminster Abbey was a monastery built in the 8th century. It is one of the best examples of the Early English architecture. The kings and queens of England are buried there. Many great statesmen, writers and poets are also buried there.
In the center of London there is one of the most beautiful squares- Trafalgar Square which was named so to commemorate Nelson’s victory in the battle of Trafalgar. There is a monument in the center known as Nelson’s Column.
In the vicinity of Trafalgar Square is Whitehall which is now a street of government offices. Not far from Whitehall is Downing Street. Number 10 Downing Street is the residence of the Prime Minister of England. The Cabinet meets there. One must mention the British Museum. It is one of the most extensive and valuable museums in West Europe. It was founded in 1753. It also comprises the National Library. There are other numerous museums and galleries displaying interesting finds from all parts of the world and from all stages in the development of nature, man and art. There are also two large opera houses, the National Theatre and 50 other theatres. Monuments of past greatness are everywhere in London. .
ВАРИАНТ 2
I.Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (В) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.
A) 1. The brain controls your body and keeps all parts of your body working together.
2. When I awoke this morning it was so late that the sun was shining high in the sky.
3. And now the trade of this town is developing with extreme rapidity and the ambition of the inhabitants is growing along with it.
4. She will have dinner here if she comes tomorrow.
B) 1. When centers receive messages, the brain interprets them.
2. Considerable damage was caused by the fire.
3. A new highway is being built between Germany and the Netherlands.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I, Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. My room is in a mess: I really must get it tidied up.
2. Scientists are experimenting with a system allowing drivers to see better after dark.
3. When answering your question yesterday I forgot this fact.
4. The attention paid to the study of fundamental subjects is great.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. We must protect the clean water that remains for the sake of our children and grandchildren.
2. Fire may be started by rubbing together two sticks of wood.
3. If you are traveling by air, you mustn’t carry anything in your luggage that could be used as a weapon, such as a knife or a pair of scissors.
4. Jack has already cleaned his bicycle so he won’t have to do it tomorrow.
5. Before Newton no one could explain why the planets moved around the Sun.
6. An optional disk can store about 1 000 times more information than a plastic disk of the same size.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.
NEW YORK
New York has always been the gateway to the USA. But it is more than just a door; it is also a window through which the life of the whole nation may be observed. New York is a city of striking social contrasts.
New York includes five boroughs: Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn and Richmond.
Manhattan is the smallest in size and it is not the largest in population although the majority spends a considerable part of the day in this center of business life. Here are Broadway, Wall Street and the Stock Exchange. This is the heart and source of American policy.
Harlem is also in Manhattan. Thick walls separate this “Black Bottom” with 450 000 coloured people from the white population.
In the bay stands the bronze Statue of Liberty given to the United States by France as a present in 1886. A new American Museum is opened at the base of the Statue.
The Bronx is a more residential rather than industrial part of the city. The well known Zoo and Botanic Gardens are in the Bronx.
Queens is both a residential and industrial area. New York’s two biggest airports are both there.
The Brooklyn Navy Yard is the largest naval shipbuilding center in the world. Brooklyn has more people than any other part of the city- about 3.000.000. It is mostly a district of middle-class people. Richmond is the borough of piers and warehouses. Its population is only 200.000.
What makes New York? First of all, it is a great seaport, the greatest in the USA. It is also a great financial center, where “money-making” is the main law of life. New York is the leading textile center of the country and its clothes industry. It has a considerable printing industry and many bookshops. There are a lot of Art Galleries, among them rich Henry Frick collections, and many impressive art museums. For a long time New York specialized in giving visitors a good time at its restaurants, nightclubs, sporting arenas, and therefore has a large hotel industry. It is the main publishing, advertising and radio center with Columbia and New York universities and various city colleges.
Among the inhabitants of New York one can meet people of almost all nations. The population of New York numbers about 16 million. The citizens speak seventy-five different languages.
ВАРИАНТ 3
I.Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (В) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.
А)1. In our climate the vine doesn’t grow out-of-doors, as it does in countries with a hotter summer, and hothouse grapes is very expensive.
2. I noticed a number of improvements done in this town since I last was there.
3. The students were having an interesting discussion when the teacher came in.
4. If I see the manager tomorrow, I shall remind him of that important point.
B)1. Many new and very interesting projects were planned for orbital stations.
2. The new exhibition of this artist is being visited actively.
3. This program will be broadcasted again tomorrow night.
II.Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или составной частью глагола - сказуемого; предложения переведите на русский язык.
1. The man delivering this lecture is our professor on mathematics.
2. A line seen through this crystal looks double.
3. He saw some people in the post-office sending telegrams.
4. Driving a car a man tries to keep steady speed and watch the car in front of him.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. If you borrow money from the bank you must pay interest.
2. It is quite clear to everybody in his family that he should start getting ready for his examinations.
3. He will have to work systematically if he wants to know French well.
4. Not long ago chemists developed new materials that could withstand high temperatures.
5. Children were allowed to go to the cinema alone.
6. You must have a dictionary when you translate such difficult articles.
IV.Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.
BIRMINGHAM
In the heart of England, about 112 miles northwest of London, is Birmingham, a city with over a million inhabitants. The district around Birmingham is known as the Black Country. It is a land of factories and mines. Motorcars, railway carriages, rails, guns, bicycles are among the articles manufactured in the factories of the Black Country.
Long famous as an international business center, Birmingham has developed into a modern and exciting city. Birmingham is at the heart of Britain’s motorway system. The superbly designed inner ring road is easily identified by its red surface and gives easy access to the city center. Massive post-war development schemes have meant exciting new buildings. But the best of the old have been preserved. Birmingham’s ultra-modern library is one of the largest and best stocked in Europe and includes Shakespeare Memorial library with 40,000 books in 90 languages. The city possesses several interesting churches and two cathedrals.
Shopping facilities in Birmingham are a magnet for thousands. The multilevel Bull Ring Shopping Center is completely traffic free and linked by subways with the major shopping streets of the city. It includes most kinds of retail shops, open-air and covered markets, banks, restaurants and offices.
Birmingham has more canals than Venice. Some canals basins have been developed as recreational centers, with walks, pubs, restored buildings and boat trips.
The city has excellent facilities for all kinds of sport. It boasts twenty swimming pools and eight municipal golf courses as well as many private clubs.
Buying and selling has been an important part of life in Birmingham for more than eight hundred years. Each Tuesday, Friday and Saturday, the colourful rag market can be found. People used to buy and sell old clothes (rags) but now there is a wide selection of modern fashions for everybody.
ВАРИАНТ 4
I.Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол - сказуемое и определите его видо - временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (B) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.
А)1. We thought that you were going to show your project to the teacher.
2. We shall discuss the results when we finish our experiments.
3. She had left before the letter arrived.
4. The children were playing in the garden while we were watching TV.
B) 1. The conference we are planning to hold next month will be attended by many foreign scientists.
2. What questions were you asked?
3. The letter is not ready yet. It is still being translated into English.
II.Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или составной частью глагола - сказуемого; предложения переведите на русский язык.
1. Introducing new words the teacher explains their meanings.
2. The two rivers were connected with each other by means of a canal.
3. Organic chemistry is the science dealing with carbon compounds.
4. The students examined last week got good marks.
III.Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык.
1. They had to stay at home because it was raining.
2. If we are allowed we shall take some exams in advance.
3. The experiments are to clarify this point of view.
4. He must ring you up.
5. I won’t be able to help you.
6. You can get all the necessary books in the library.
IV.Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.
ST. PETERSBURG
St. Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia and one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It was founded in 1703 by Peter the Great as the “ Window on the West”. Thousands of workmen were brought from all parts of Russia to build a new city on the swampy land at the mouth of the Neva River. Peter the Great was in a hurry. The work was fast and hard, and workmen dropped dead by the hundreds. But the work went on.
In 1712 St. Petersburg, a city of great beauty, with palaces, cathedrals, churches, government buildings became the capital. Under later rulers the new capital of the Russian Empire grew rapidly in wealth and beauty. Architects were brought from western Europe to lay out the city in harmonious squares. Buildings were constructed of grey and rose-coloured granite. The Hermitage Palace and the Winter Palace, the homes of the tsars were equal to any in Europe.
When the First World War began in 1914, the German-sounding name, St. Petersburg, was changed to Petrograd. After the October revolution the city was renamed after Lenin.
During the Great Patriotic War the city suffered a great deal. The German armies laid siege to it in 1941, and for the next year and a half it was cut off from the rest of the country. No food could be brought in, and people died of starvation. Daily shelling and air raids destroyed parts of the city. Thousands of people were killed. Rebuilding took years.
Now St. Petersburg is an important industrial, cultural and educational center. The population of the city is over five million.
St. Petersburg is indeed a wonderful city: at every turn there is something to catch your eye. The Winter Palace, the Hermitage, the Russian museum, St. Isaac’s Cathedral, the Peter -and- Paul Fortress, the Admiralty building attract thousands of tourists from every corner of the world.
Petersburg’s many museums house some of the world’s most famous art collections. The Hermitage, for example, contains the richest collection of pictures in the world.
ВАРИАНТ 5
I.Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол - сказуемое и определите его видо - временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (B) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.
А) 1. What magazine were you looking through when I came in?
2. She said she had graduated from the University a few years ago.
3. He gave the right answer to the question and received an excellent mark.
4. The curricular of correspondence, evening and full - time higher schools do not differ essentially in the subjects taught, but they differ in the system in which the studies are organized.
B) 1. The goods have been examined by the customs officers.
2. The steamer will be unloaded when the agent arrives at the port.
3. They are paid twice a month.
II.Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или составной частью глагола - сказуемого; предложения переведите на русский язык.
1. At our University there are several subjects studied optionally.
2. Students taking exams next week should come to the dean’s office.
3. Listening to the lecture students usually make notes.
4. While crossing the bridge, we saw him talking with an old man.
III.Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Can you translate this agreement into French?
2. They will be able to create the necessary conditions for the development of their enterprise.
3. He asked me whether he might take my dictionary.
4. She will be allowed to tell you about it herself.
5. He had to ring you up.
6. The old methods of teaching English are to be renewed.
IV.Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.
WASHINGTON, DC
Washington is the capital of the United States of America. It is situated in the district of Columbia and is like no other city of the USA. It’s the world’s largest one-industry city. And that industry is the government. The White House, where the US President lives and works, the Capitol, the home of the US Congress, and the Supreme Court, are all in Washington.
Washington was named after the first US President George Washington. He selected the place for the capital and Pierre L’Enfant, a French engineer, designed the city.
Washington was first settled in 1790 and since 1800 it has been the federal capital.
Washington is one of the most beautiful and unusual cities in the world. In the very center of it the huge dome of the Capitol - a big white dome standing on a circle of pillars rises. The 535 members of the Congress meet here to discuss the nation’s affairs. It’s easy to get lost in this huge building, full of paintings and statues.
The library of Congress, the largest library in the States is not far from the Capitol. It contains more than 19 million books, more than 19 million manuscripts, including the personal papers of the US presidents.
The White House is the official residence of the US President. He works in the Oval Office.
One can hardly find a park, a square or an open area in Washington without a monument or a memorial. The most impressive and best-known ones are the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument. There are some important museums in Washington where you can see all kinds of things: famous paintings and sculptures, the original of the Declaration of Independence, the largest blue diamond in the world, etc.
There are five universities in Washington. There are no skyscrapers in the city, because they would hide the many monuments from view. No building in the city may be more than 40 meters high.
Thousands of tourists visit Washington every day.
КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №3
Образец выполнения 1 (к упражнению 1)
| The main problem has already beensolved. He had come home yesterday by four o’clock. | Основная проблема уже решена. has been solved – Present Perfect Passive Вчера он пришел домой к 6 часам. had come – Past Perfect |
Образец выполнения 2 (к упражнению 2)
| It is useful to eat fish. My flat is smaller than that of your sister. One must know his rights. | Рыбу есть полезно. Моя квартира меньше, чем у твоей сестры. Нужно знать свои права. |
Образец выполнения 3 (к упражнению 3)