Operation and maintenance instructions

Starting (the centrifugal pump and axial-plunger pump)

1) Open the suction check valve wide, opening at the same time the air vent on the top side.

2) Close the air vent as soon as liquid flows out of it.

3) Start the motor leaving the discharge valve closed.

4) Check that direction of rotation is as indicated by the arrow.

5) Slowly open the discharge check valve until operating requirements are reached.

6) Check on the ammeter that power requirements do not exceed the motor possible rating.

7) Check tightness of the packing gland. Leaks must be reduced to a few drops it is required to prevent harmful heating of the packing and the shaft.

During operation

The pump output is to be controlled by operating on the discharge valve and never on the suction valve which must always remain wide open.

Stopping

After switching off the motor close the suction and the discharge valves of the pump.

Part B.Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. Check the wear of internal pans by throttling the suction valve at the pump and noting the amount of vacuum pulled by the pump. 2. If neither steam nor power is available, move the pump by hand. 3. It may be necessary to renew the gears, the casing or the gaskets which are sometimes fitted between the casing flanges. 4. Have you checked all clearances? If you’ve done it, renew worn parts if necessary. 5. It looks like complete failure of the starboard circulating pump, the jacket water temperature is very high.

Exercise 6. Discuss the causes and remedies of the most common troubles with the pumps

loss	потеря
trouble, obstruction	помеха, препятствие
to deliver	подавать, доставлять
insufficient	недостаточный
to result from	возникать в результате
partially	частично
passage	проход
to rupture	прорывать, разрывать
to eliminate	устранять
capacity	производительность
leakage	течь
stuffing box	корпус сальника

IRREGULARITIES, THEIR CAUSES AND REMEDIES

Symptom:	Cause:	Remedy:
	Reciprocating pumps
Loss of suction	1) Obstructions in the suction line.	Check suction valves.
	2) Air in the system.	Open the air cocks vents on the liquid end valve chest, leave them open until water flows out.
	Centrifugal pumps
A pump doesn't deliver any liquid	1) Air in the pump case.	Let the air flow out.
2) Insufficient speed of the pump.	Check the electromotor, bearings and gland box.
3) Excessive large pressure resulting from a partially clogged valve or some obstruction in the discharge line.	Check the valve and adjust it.
4) Clogged impeller passages.	Stop the pump and clean the impeller.
5) Ruptured suction line.	Stop the pump, eliminate leakages in the suction line.
A pump operates at insufficient capacity	1) Air leakage into the suction line or stuffing boxes.	Eliminate leakages.
2) Mechanical defects such as worn wearing rings, impellers, stuffing box packing or sleeves.	Stop the pump, find the trouble and correct it.

Exercise 7. Translate into English.

1. Производительность центробежного насоса равна 150 м3/ч. 2. Насосы спроектированы для подачи пресной и морской воды. 3. Корпус насоса снизу закрывается крышкой. 4. половинки разъемного насоса крепятся болтами. 5. Капли жидкости могут просачиваться через уплотнение. 6. Зазор между уплотнениями и буртиком очень мал. 7. Крылатка насаживается на вал и фиксируется шпонкой.

DIESEL ENGINE MAINTENANCE

Exercise 1.Answer the following questions.

1. What is the diesel engine? 2. What cycles does the diesel engine have? 3. What is stroke? 4. What does the four-stroke cycle consist? 5. How is the four-stroke cycle completed? 6. What is going on at the top dead centre? 7. What is going on at the bottom dead centre? 8. How is the two-stroke cycle completed? 9. What is used instead of valves? 10. How does the two-stroke cycle work?

	maintenance	содержание и техническое обслуживание, техническая эксплуатация, уход, (текущий) ремонт
	dipstick	футшток
	to stand still	находиться не в рабочей состоянии
	draining	слив
	to unscrew	отвинчивать
	to screw	завинчивать
	drain plug	сливная пробка
	bottom	дно, днище
	crankcase	картер двигателя
	to fill; to refill	наполнять; наполнять вновь
	refilling	повторное наполнение
	to wipe	протирать
	rag	ветошь
	fluff	пух, пушок, ворс
	cotton waste	зд. хлопчатобумажная ветошь
	to dip	погружать, окунать
	lube oil suction strainer	фильтр масла на входе
	sump	отстойник, сборник, сточная цистерна
	crack	трещина
	upper	верхний
	piston ring	поршневое кольцо
	condition	состояние
	deposits	отложения
	carbon	нагар
	excessive	излишний
	externally	с наружной стороны
	scale	накипь
	wear	износ
	to renew	заменять
	top	верхняя часть
	to adjust	регулировать
	clearance	зазор
	joint	соединение
	lever	рычаг
	alignment	регулировка, выравнивающая, центровка, настройка, просветка (линий вала)
	bearing	подшипник
	readings	показания, данные, замеры

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text

Check the lube oil pressure daily. The pressure should be 1,5 Kg per sq.cm = 21 Ibs/sq. in (psi). Keep the oil level up to the full mark of the dipstick. Make control when the engine stands still. The lube oil should be changed the first time after 50 working hours, the next time after another 150 working hours and then at least once a year. Draining is made by unscrewing the drain plug at the bottom of the crankcase just after stopping the engine when the oil is warm and easy to drain. Before refilling with fresh oil wipe out the inside of the crankcase with a clean rag (use material free from fluff, do not use cotton waste). Dip the rag in gas oil and clean the lube oil suction strainer placed on the drain plug and clean the sump. When changing the lube oil, clean the lubricating oil filter with petrol or gas oil. Refill the sump with fresh lube oil.

Pistons should be examined frequently for cracks. The upper piston rings should be examined once a month during the first six months service and than as necessary depending on their condition. At intervals of six months piston heads if cooled mast be examined for deposits of carbon in cooling spaces -and cooling pipes. Exhaust valves, manifold and cylinder ports should also be examined and excessive carbon deposits should be removed. Cylinder liners must be examined externally for deposits of scale. The liners should also be examined for wear and renewed if necessary. The clearance of the connecting rod - top and bottom ends should also be examined and adjusted if necessary. At intervals of one year the manoeuvring gear should be examined for wear at the joints of levers and rods. The alignment of the crankshaft should be checked and corrected if necessary. The main bearings, should be examined and readings taken for wear.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions.

1) How often should the lube oil pressure be checked?

2) What should be the pressure? When should the lube oil be changed the first time?

4) How is draining made? When is the oil easiest to drain?

5) Where is the drain plug positioned?

7) When is it necessary to wipe out the inside of the crankcase?

8) What should the pistons be examined for?

9) Where is usually carbon deposited? What should be done with carbon deposits?

10) How often should the maneuvering gear be examined?

Exercise 4. Give the Russian equivalents of the following.

lube oil pressure, drain plug, inside of the crankcase, lube oil suction strainer, deposits of scale

Exercise 5.Translate into Russian

Explosion in crankcase. The usual cause is presence of mixture of oil and air at concentration higher then nominal. In addition there must be a source of high temperature, sufficient to start combustion. It is called a hot spot. The explosion causes a flame and pressure wave. To prevent explosion you should minimize oil and air mixture and be careful during ventilation of crankcase. On some ME special crankcase relief valves are installed.

Exercise 6.Made up a dialogue of your own based on the one given below.