Урок 39. переливание крови. назначение крови и ее компоненты. исследование крови

(Blood Transfusion. Functions of blood. Blood components. The study of blood)

Текстовый глоссарий:

a blood transfusion- перели-вание крови intravenous (IV) – внут-ривенно blood vessels – кровенос-ные сосуды needle - игла a body fluid - жидкость организма the human body – челове-ческое тело tissues - ткани the removal of wastes – уда-ление отходов oxygen - кислород hormones - гармоны nutrients – питательные вещества red (white) blood cells - красные (белые)кровяные тельца platelets - тромбоциты c hemophiliacs - больные гемофилией arbon dioxide –углек. газ

chemical panels – хими-ческие панели erythrocytes – эритро-циты leukocytes - лейкоциты thrombocytes – тромбо-циты blood clotting – сверты-вание крови release a protein – вы-пускать белок fibrinogen - фибриноген fibrin - фибрин strings - струя to form a clot – сформи-ровать сгусток nutrition - питание a vein - вена via fingerprick – путем прокалывание пальца haematology – гемато-логия (CBCs) complete blood counts- общий анализ крови

A blood transfusion is a safe, common procedure in which you receive blood through an intravenous (IV)line inserted into one of your blood vessels.Blood transfusions are used to replace blood lost during surgery or a serious injury. A transfusion also might be done if your body can't make blood properly because of an illness During a blood transfusion, a small needle is used to insert an IV line into one of your blood vessels. Through this line, you receive healthy blood. The procedure usually takes 1 to 4 hours, depending on how much blood you need.Blood is a body fluid that transports essential elements in the body. About eight percent of the human body weight is blood.

Blood has many functions, the two most important of which, is the transport of things to the tissues and the removal of wastes from the tissues. Blood transports oxygen to all the tissues of the body especially the ones in the brain. Hormones, nutrients like vitamins and minerals, and other body regulating elements are transported through the blood, too.

Blood is composed basically of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Nutrients, hormones, and waste products like carbon dioxide are also found in the blood.The red blood cells called erythrocytes carry oxygen. The white blood cells or leukocytes are the soldier cells that fight infection. The platelets or thrombocytes are the smallest of the blood cells and are responsible for blood clotting. When a wound bleeds, the platelets release a protein called fibrinogen which becomes fibrin. These turn into strings and weave together to form a clot and thus, prevent more blood from spilling out of the body. In the case of hemophiliacs, whose blood do not have platelets, having a wound can be very fatal. Plasma is basically water and this supplies the fluids in the cells. It is in the plasma where the nutrients, hormones and other elements are carried.

Blood composition slightly varies from person to person depending on nutrition, general well-being and the over all health of the organs. Various blood tests reveal how healthy or how sick an individual is.

A blood test is a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein in the arm using a needle, or via fingerprick. Blood tests are used to determine physiological and biochemical states, such as disease, mineral content, drug effectiveness, and organ function. They are also used in drug tests. Although the term blood test is used, most routine tests (except for most haematology) are done on blood plasma instead of blood cells.

Most of the components of blood can be directly and indirectly measured in a laboratory. The most common basic tests are complete blood counts (CBCs) and chemical panels. The latter measure substances such as sodium, cholesterol, glucose, gases, and enzymes that are found in plasma. CBCs determine the amount of hemoglobin and the number of blood cells and platelets…

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I. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.

1. What is a blood transfusion?

2. What are blood transfusions used for?

3. What is used during a blood transfusion to insert an IV line into one of your blood vessels?

4. What does a body fluid transport in the body?

5. What functions has blood?

6. What is blood basically composed of?

7. What do various blood tests reveal?