Сослагательное наклонение

Сослагательное наклонение выражает предполагаемое, возможное, желаемое действие. В русском языке сослагательное наклонение выражается глаголом в прошедшем времени, после которого ставится частица «бы» (сделал бы, сходил бы, послушал бы).

Особенности перевода на русский язык:

В зависимости от характера употребления сослагательное наклонение может предаваться на русский язык глаголом с частицейбы, словами чтобы + глагол в прошедшем времени, безличными предложениями (табл. 17).

Таблица 17

Употребление	Способ перевода	Пример перевода
В простых, главных и придаточных предложениях	Модальный глагол или частица бы + смысловой глагол	We are interested in all the suggestions that could be effective in this situation. Мы рассмотрим все предложения, которые могут быть эффективны в этой ситуации. I would like to invite you to our meeting. Мне хотелось бы пригласить вас на наше собрание.
В придаточных приложениях после безличных конструкций: It is best (that) – лучше It is crucial (that) – очень важно It is desirable (that) – желательно It is essential (that) – необходимо It is important (that) – важно	Безличное предложение + слова чтобы, если	It is best that you return today at 6. Будет лучше, если ты вернешься сегодня в 6 часов. It is important that this requirement be met.
It is recommended (that) – рекомендуется It is urgent (that) – крайне необходимо It is vital (that) – существенно после глаголов, выражающих предложение, приказание, пожелание: to recommend –рекомендовать to propose - предлагать to suggest - предлагать to demand - требовать to order - приказать to wish - желать и др.	частица бы + смысловой глагол, слово чтобы	Крайне важно, чтобы данное требование было выполнено. They insistedthat the new equipment be installed. Они настояли на том, чтобы было установлено новое оборудование. He wishes he could speak five foreign languages. Он хотел бы говорить на пяти иностранных языках.
в условных предложениях	Если +(бы)	If you would decide to work with us, please write to us. Если вы примете решение работать с нами, пожалуйста, напишите нам.

(Рубцова М. Г., упр. 33, с. 290 – 295)

ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

ЗАДАНИЕ 1. Переведете устно предложения. Определите виды сослагательного наклонения и способы его перевода.

1. The disaster might not have happened. 2. It is important that the research be completed in time. 3. The result of the work would be more successful if you developed the plan more thoroughly. 4. You should have been more careful working at your translation. 5. I should like to meet that old woman. I should like to know the details of her childhood. 6. If you could have heard that you would have thought much more of her. 7. I think something like that could surprise you. 8. The teacher insists that everybody be present at the practical lesson. 9. If he had had time yesterday, he would have finished reading a novel. 10. It is important that he know every rule of the ceremony. 11. They didn't mention of this detail lest they be understood by people at the meeting. 12. He insisted that the secretary stamp the letters immediately. 13. If he were me, he would understand what I do. 14. I wish I wrote you earlier. 15. His mother recommended that he should see a specialist about the problem as soon as possible. 16. I wish I had visited to you the day before yesterday. 17. It is unlikely that I would bake this cake by dinner. 18. She suggested that we would see him together. 19. We could have introduced the new method if the device had been delivered in time. 20. It is desirable that this idea be used at once. 21. The young man spoke as if he were an expert in chemistry. 22. Mr. Simpson asked that student submit his research paper before the end of the term.

ЗАДАНИЕ 2. Переведете предложения письменно. Определите виды сослагательного наклонения и способы его перевода.

1. We would appreciate it if you could send us the quality certificates and some samples. If they are of the standard we require, we may be able to place large orders with you (from a business letter). 2. I would have flown to Australia the month before if I didn’t have any urgent business here in Russia. 3. You would have thought he’d have some gratitude. 4. Democracy requires that all people be as free as possible to develop their own capacities. 5. If she had racked her brains for a week she couldn’t have thought of anything that would humiliate him more bitterly. 6. He wished he could afford to run around with people who were richer then he was. 7. You would have thought, but wrongly, that she was perfectly unconscious of the attention her work attracted. 8. It was demanded to assume that there would be no such additions. These additions will increase the size of the circular flow of money and thus the level of activity in the society. 9. It is essential that they be collection of people whose activities be regulated by formal documents such as legislative norms, chapters, instructions, registered rules, bans or permissions sanctioned by the society, organization etc.