Важнейших неправильных глагола английского языка
Чтобы свободно говорить по-английски, нужно знать около 150 неправильных глаголов.
Полный список английских неправильных глаголов содержит 470 единиц, примерно 100 из которых устаревшие или очень редкие.
Оставшиеся 360-370 я основательно прополола, удалив из списка те производные, которые легко узнать, типа WRITE→REWRITE, UNDERSTAND→MISUNDERSTAND.
Важнейшие 174 содержит следующая таблица.
Я настоятельно рекомендую растянуть удовольствие их заучивания на полгода или год, беря не больше одного в день.
| Неопределённая форма | Прошедшее время | Страдательное причастие | ||||
| arise [ə`raɪz] | arose [ə`roʊz] | arisen [ə`rɪzn] | возникать, появляться | |||
| awake [ə`waɪk] | awoke [ə`woʊk] | awoken [ə`woʊkn] | будить, просыпаться | |||
| be [bi:] | was; were [wɒz], [wɜ:] | been [bi:n] | быть, находиться | |||
| bear [bɛə] | bore [bɔ:] | borne [bɔ:n] | носить, выносить | |||
| beat [bi:t] | beat [bi:t] | beaten [bi:tn] | бить | |||
| become [bɪ`kʌm] | became [bɪ`keɪm] | become [bɪ`kʌm] | становиться | |||
| begin [bɪ`gɪn] | began [bɪ`gæn] | begun [bɪ`gʌn] | начинать(ся) | |||
| bend [bend] | bent [bent] | bent [bent] | гнуть(ся) | |||
| bet [bet] | bet [bet] | bet [bet] | держать пари | |||
| bid [bɪd] | bid/bade [bɪd/beɪd] | bidden [bɪdn] | велеть, просить | |||
| bid [bɪd] | bid [bɪd] | bid [bɪd] | предлагать | |||
| bind [baɪnd] | bound [baʊnd] | bound [baʊnd] | связывать | |||
| bit [bɪt] | bit [bɪt] | bitten [bɪtn] | кусать | |||
| bleed [bli:d] | bled [bled] | bled [bled] | кровоточить | |||
| blow [bloʊ] | blew [blu:] | blown [blu:] | дуть | |||
| break [breɪk] | broke [broʊk] | broken [broʊkən] | ломать | |||
| breed [bri:d] | bred [bred] | bred [bred] | разводить | |||
| bring [brɪŋ] | brought [brɔ:t] | brought [brɔ:t] | принести | |||
| build [bɪld] | built [bɪlt] | built [bɪlt] | строить | |||
| burn [bɜ:n] | burned/burnt [bɜ:nd/bɜ:nd] | burned/burnt [bɜ:nd/bɜ:nd] | жечь, гореть | |||
| burst [bɜ:st] | burst [bɜ:st] | burst [bɜ:st] | взорваться | |||
| bust [bʌst] | busted/bust [bʌstɪd/bʌst] | busted/bust [bʌstɪd/bʌst] | разорить(ся) | |||
| buy [baɪ] | bought [bɔ:t] | bought [bɔ:t] | купить | |||
| bet | bet | bet | держать пари | |||
| cast [kɑ:st] | cast [kɑ:st] | cast [kɑ:st] | бросать, кидать | |||
| catch [kætʃ] | caught [kɔ:t] | caught [kɔ:t] | ловить | |||
| choose [tʃu:z] | chose [tʃoʊz] | chosen [tʃoʊzn] | выбирать | |||
| cleave [kli:v] | cleft [klieft] | cleft [klieft] | рассечь | |||
| cling [klɪŋ] | clung [klʌŋ] | clung [klʌŋ] | цеплять(ся) | |||
| clothe [kloʊð] | clothed/clad [kloʊðd/klæd] | clothed/clad [kloʊðd/klæd] | одеть | |||
| come [kʌm] | came [keɪm] | come [keɪm] | приходить | |||
| cost [kɒst] | cost [kɒst] | cost [kɒst] | стоить | |||
| creep [kri:p] | crept [krept] | crept [krept] | ползать | |||
| cut [kʌt] | cut [kʌt] | cut [kʌt] | резать | |||
| deal [di:l] | dealt [delt] | dealt [delt] | торговать | |||
| dig [dɪg] | dug [dʌg] | dug [dʌg] | копать | |||
| dive [daɪv] | dove/dived [doʊv/daɪvd] | dived [daɪvd] | нырять, погружаться | |||
| do [du:] | did [dɪd] | done [dʌn] | делать | |||
| draw [drɔ:] | drew [dru:] | drawn [drɔ:n] | рисовать, тащить | |||
| dream [dri:m] | dreamed/dreamt [dri:md/dremt] | dreamed/dreamt [dri:md/dremt] | видеть сны, мечтать | |||
| drink [drɪnk] | drank [drænk] | drunk [drʌnk] | пить | |||
| drive [draɪv] | drove [droʊv] | driven [drɪvn] | водить, гнать | |||
| dwell [dwel] | dwelt/dwelled [dwelt/dweld] | dwelt/dwelled [dwelt/dweld] | обитать | |||
| eat [i:t] | ate [et] | eaten [i:tn] | кушать, есть | |||
| fall [fɔ:l] | fell [fel] | fallen [fɔ:lən] | падать | |||
| feed [fi:d] | fed [fed] | fed [fed] | кормить(ся) | |||
| feel [fi:l] | felt [felt] | felt [felt] | чувствовать | |||
| fight [faɪt] | fought [fɔ:t] | fought [fɔ:t] | бороться | |||
| find [faɪnd] | found [faʊnd] | found [faʊnd] | находить | |||
| flee [fli:] | fled [fled] | fled [fled] | бежать, спасаться | |||
| fling [flɪŋ] | flung [flʌŋ] | flung [flʌŋ] | швырять | |||
| fly [flaɪ] | flew [flu:] | flown [floʊn] | летать | |||
| forbid [fə`bɪd] | forbade [fə`beɪd] | for`bidden [fəbɪdn] | запретить | |||
| forget [fə`get] | forgot [fə`gɒt] | forgotten [fə`gɒtn] | забыть | |||
| forgive [fə`gɪv] | forgave [fə`geɪv] | for`given [fəgɪvn] | простить | |||
| forsake [fə`seɪk] | forsook [fə`sʊk] | forsaken [fə`seɪkn] | покидать | |||
| freeze [fri:z] | froze [froʊz] | frozen [froʊzn] | замерзать | |||
| get [get] | got [gɒt] | gotten/got [gɒtn/gɒt] | получать, становиться | |||
| gild [gɪld] | gilt [gɪlt] | gilt [gɪlt] | позолотить | |||
| give [gɪv] | gave [geɪv] | given [gɪvn] | давать | |||
| go [goʊ] | went [went] | gone [gɒ] | идти, ехать | |||
| grind [graɪnd] | ground [graʊnd] | ground [graʊnd] | точить, молоть | |||
| grow [groʊ] | grew [gru:] | grown [groʊn] | расти, выращивать | |||
| hang [hæŋ] | hung [hʌŋ] | hung [hʌŋ] | висеть, повесить | |||
| have [hæv] | had [hæd] | had [hæd] | иметь | |||
| hear [hɪə] | heard [hɜ:d] | heard [hɜ:d] | слышать | |||
| hew [hju:] | hewed [hju:d] | hewn [hju:n] | рубить, тесать | |||
| hide [haɪd] | hid [hɪd] | hidden [hɪdn] | прятать(ся) | |||
| hit [hɪt] | hit [hɪt] | hit [hɪt] | ударить | |||
| hold [hoʊld] | held [held] | held [held] | держать, проводить | |||
| hurt [hɜ:t] | hurt [hɜ:t] | hurt [hɜ:t] | ранить, обижать | |||
| keep [ki:p] | kept [kept] | kept [kept] | держать | |||
| kneel [ni:l] | knelt [nelt] | knelt [nelt] | становиться на колени | |||
| knit [nɪt] | knit [nɪt] | knit [nɪt] | вязать | |||
| know [noʊ] | knew [nju:] | known [noʊn] | знать | |||
| lay [leɪ] | laid [leɪd] | laid [leɪd] | класть | |||
| lead [li:d] | led [led] | led [led] | вести | |||
| lean [li:nd] | leant [lent] | leant [lent] | опираться | |||
| leap [li:p] | leapt [lept] | leapt [lept] | прыгать | |||
| learn [lɜ:n] | learned/learnt [lɜ:nd/lɜ:nt] | learnt [lɜ:nt] | учить(ся) | |||
| leave [li:v] | left [left] | left [left] | оставлять, уезжать | |||
| lend [lend] | lent [lent] | lent [lent] | давать взаймы | |||
| let [let] | let [let] | let [let] | позволять | |||
| lie [laɪ] | lay [leɪ] | lain [leɪn] | лежать | |||
| lose [lu:z] | lost [lɒst] | lost [lɒst] | терять | |||
| light [laɪt] | lit/lighted [lɪt/laɪtɪd] | lit/lighted [lɪt/laɪtɪd] | зажигать, освещать | |||
| make [meɪk] | made [meɪd] | made [meɪd] | делать, создавать | |||
| mean [mi:n] | meant [ment] | meant [ment] | значить, подразумевать | |||
| meet [mi:t] | met [met] | met [met] | встретить | |||
| mow [moʊ] | mowed [moʊd] | mown [moʊn] | косить | |||
| pay [peɪ] | paid [peɪd] | paid [peɪd] | платить | |||
| plead [pli:d] | pleaded/pled [pli:dɪd/pled] | pleaded/pled [pli:dɪd/pled] | заявлять | |||
| prove [pru:v] | proved [pru:vd] | proven/proved [pru:vən/pru:vd] | доказывать | |||
| put [pʊt] | put [pʊt] | put [pʊt] | класть | |||
| read [ri:d] | read [red] | read [red] | читать | |||
| rid [rɪd] | rid [rɪd] | rid [rɪd] | избавлять | |||
| ride [raɪd] | rode [roʊd] | ridden [rɪdn] | ездить верхом | |||
| ring [rɪŋ] | rang [ræŋ] | rung [rʌŋ] | звонить | |||
| rise [raɪz] | rose [roʊz] | risen [rɪzn] | подниматься | |||
| run [rʌn] | ran [ræn] | run [rʌn] | бежать | |||
| saw [sɔ:] | sawed [sɔ:d] | sawed/sawn [sɔ:d/sɔ:n] | пилить | |||
| say [seɪ] | said [sed] | said [sed] | сказать | |||
| see [si:] | saw [sɔ:] | seen [si:n] | видеть | |||
| seek [si:k] | sought [sɔ:t] | sought [sɔ:t] | искать | |||
| sell [sel] | sold [soʊld] | sold [soʊld] | продавать | |||
| send [send] | sent [sent] | sent [sent] | послать | |||
| set [set] | set [set] | set [set] | ставить | |||
| sew [soʊ] | sewed [soʊd] | sewn [soʊn] | шить | |||
| shake [ʃeɪk] | shook [ʃʊk] | shaken [ʃeɪkən] | трясти | |||
| shave [ʃeɪv] | shaved [ʃeɪvd] | shaved/shaven [ʃeɪvd/ʃeɪvən] | брить(ся) | |||
| shear [ʃɪə] | sheared [ʃɪəd] | sheared/shorn [ʃɪəd/ʃɔ:n] | стричь | |||
| shed [ʃed] | shed [ʃed] | shed [ʃed] | проливать (слёзы) | |||
| shine [ʃaɪn] | shone [ʃoʊn] | shone [ʃoʊn] | светить, сиять | |||
| shoe [ʃu:] | shod [ʃɒd] | shod [ʃɒd] | обувать, подковывать | |||
| shoot [ʃu:t] | shot [ʃɒt] | shot [ʃɒt] | стрелять | |||
| show [ʃoʊ] | showed [ʃoʊd] | shown [ʃoʊn] | показывать | |||
| shrink [ʃrɪŋk] | shrank [ʃræŋk] | shrunk [ʃrʌŋk] | сжиматься | |||
| shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | закрывать | |||
| sing [sɪŋ] | sang [sæŋ] | sung [sʌŋ] | петь | |||
| sink [sɪŋk] | sank [sæŋk] | sunk [sʌŋk] | погружаться, тонуть | |||
| sit [sɪt] | sat [sæt] | sat [sæt] | сидеть | |||
| slay [sleɪ] | slew/slayed [slu:/sleɪd] | slain/slayed [sleɪn/sleɪd] | убивать | |||
| sleep [sli:p] | slept [slept] | slept [slept] | спать | |||
| slide [slaɪd] | slid [slɪd] | slid [slɪd] | скользить | |||
| sling [slɪŋ] | slung [slʌŋ] | slung [slʌŋ] | метать | |||
| slink [slɪŋk] | slinked/slunk [slɪŋkt/slʌŋk] | slinked/slunk [slɪŋkt/slʌŋk] | красться | |||
| smell [smel] | smelt [smelt] | smelt [smelt] | пахнуть, нюхать | |||
| sow [soʊ] | sowed [soʊd] | sown [soʊn] | сеять | |||
| speak [spi:k] | spoke [spoʊk] | spoken [spoʊkən] | говорить | |||
| speed [spi:d] | sped [sped] | sped [sped] | мчаться | |||
| spell [spel] | spelt [spelt] | spelt [spelt] | писать, читать по буквам | |||
| spend [spend] | spent [spent] | spent [spent] | тратить | |||
| spill [spɪl] | spilt [spɪlt] | spilt [spɪlt] | расплескать | |||
| spin [spɪn] | spun [spʌn] | spun [spʌn] | прясть | |||
| spit [spɪt] | spit/spat [spɪt/spæt] | spit/spat [spɪt/spæt] | плевать | |||
| split [splɪt] | split [splɪt] | split [splɪt] | расщепить(ся) | |||
| spoil [spoɪl] | spoiled/spoilt [spoɪld/spoɪlt] | spoiled/spoilt [spoɪld/spoɪlt] | портить | |||
| spread [spred] | spread [spred] | spread [spred] | распространиться | |||
| spring [sprɪŋ] | sprang [spræŋ] | sprung [sprʌŋ] | возникнуть | |||
| stand [stænd] | stood [stʊd] | stood [stʊd] | стоять | |||
| steal [sti:l] | stole [stoʊl] | stolen [stoʊlən] | красть | |||
| stick [stɪk] | stuck [stʌk] | stuck [stʌk] | липнуть | |||
| sting [stɪŋ] | stung [stʌŋ] | stung [stʌŋ] | жалить | |||
| stink [stɪŋk] | stank [stræŋk] | stunk [stʌŋk] | вонять | |||
| strew [str:] | strewed [str:d] | strewn [str:n] | усеять | |||
| stride [straɪd] | strode [stroʊd] | stridden [strɪdn] | шагать | |||
| strike [straɪk] | struck [strʌk] | struck/stricken [strʌk/strɪkən] | ударить | |||
| string [strɪŋ] | strung [srtʌŋ] | strung [strʌŋ] | нанизать, натянуть | |||
| strive [straɪv] | strove/strived [stroʊv/straɪvd] | striven/strived [strɪvən/straɪvd] | стараться, стремиться | |||
| swear [swɛə] | swore [swɔ:] | sworn [swɔ:n] | клясться | |||
| sweat [swet] | sweat/sweated [swet/[swetɪd] | sweat/sweated [swet/swetɪd] | потеть | |||
| sweep [swi:p] | swept [swept] | swept [swept] | мести | |||
| swell [swel] | swelled [sweld] | swollen/swelled [swoʊlən/sweld] | вздуться, раздуваться | |||
| swim [swɪm] | swam [swæm] | swum [swʌm] | плыть | |||
| swing [swɪŋ] | swung [swʌŋ] | swung [swʌŋ] | качаться | |||
| take [teɪk] | took [tʊk] | taken [teɪkən] | взять, брать | |||
| teach [ti:tʃ] | taught [tɔ:t] | taught [tɔ:t] | обучать | |||
| tear [tɛə] | tore [tɔ:] | torn [tɔ:n] | рвать | |||
| tell [tel] | told [toʊld] | told [toʊld] | рассказывать | |||
| think [θɪŋk] | thought [θɔ:t] | thought [θɔ:t] | думать | |||
| throw [θroʊ] | threw [θru:] | thrown [θroʊn] | бросать | |||
| thrust [θrʌst] | thrust [θrʌst] | thrust [θrʌst] | толкать | |||
| tread [tred] | trod [trɒd] | trodden [trɒdn] | ступать | |||
| understand [ʌndə`stænd] | understood [ʌndə`stʊd] | understood [ʌndə`stʊd] | понимать | |||
| wake [weɪk] | woke/waked [woʊk/weɪkt] | woken/waked [woʊkən/weɪkt] | просыпаться | |||
| wear [wɛə] | wore [wɔ:] | worn [wɔ:n] | носить | |||
| weave [wi:v] | wove/weaved [woʊv/wi:vd] | woven/weaved [woʊvən/wi:vd] | ткать | |||
| wed [wed] | wed/wedded [wed/wedɪd] | wed/wedded [wed/wedɪd] | вступать в брак | |||
| weep [wi:p] | wept [wept] | wept [wept] | плакать | |||
| wet [wet] | wet [wet] | wet [wet] | мочить | |||
| win [wɪn] | won [wʌn] | won [wʌn] | выигрывать, побеждать | |||
| wind [waɪnd] | wound [waʊnd] | wound [waʊnd] | виться(ся) | |||
| wring [rɪŋ] |
|
| выкручивать | |||
| wrote [roʊt] | written [rɪtn] | писать |