Пассивный залог (Passive Voice)

Формы глагола в пассивном залоге (Passive Voice) выражают действие, совершаемое над подлежащим лицом или предметом, т.е. в пассивном залоге подлежащее не действует, а подвергается действию.

Пассивный залог образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени, лице, и числе и причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle) смыслового глагола.

to be asked

to be taken

3апомните!

1. Причастие прошедшего времени (Past Participle) от стандартных глаголов совпадает по форме с глаголами в Past Indefinite Tense и имеет окончание –ed.

2. Причастие прошедшего времени (Past Participle) от нестандартных глаголов можно найти в словаре (так называемая 3 форма глагола) или в специальной таблице нестандартных глаголов (3 колонка).

Помните!

1. В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол to be ставится перед подлежащим. При наличии двух вспомогательных глаголов только первый вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим.

2. В отрицательной форме отрицание not ставится после глагола to be. При наличии двух вспомогательных глаголов отрицание not ставится после первого вспомогательного глагола.

Passive Voice

Indefinite to be asked	Present	Past	Future
Утвердительная форма
Am is asked are	was asked were	be asked will
Вопросительная и отрицательная формы
Is he asked? He is not asked. He isn’t asked.	Was he asked? He was not asked. He wasn’t asked.	Will he be asked? He will not be asked. He won’t be asked.
	Утвердительная форма
Continuous to be being asked	Am is being asked are	was being asked were	- вместо отсутствующей формы Future Continuous употребляется форма Future Indefinite
Вопросительная и отрицательная формы
Am I being asked? I am not being asked.	Was I being asked? I was not being asked.	-
Perfect to have been asked	Утвердительная форма
Have been asked has	had been asked	will have been asked will
Вопросительная и отрицательная формы
Have I been asked? I have not been asked.	Had I been asked? I had not been asked.	Shall I have been asked? I will not have been asked.

Exercises

I. Make the sentences a) interrogative; b) negative.

1. Sound was amplified by a loudspeaker. 2. We will be given new musican instruments. 3. The experiment had been completed by the end of the last year. 4. The lecture was being listened to with great attention. 5. Plastics are used in engineering. 6. New automatic driving systems are being used now. 7. This process is known as smelting. 8. The metal is heated to a high temperature. 9. Some new devices are being demonstrated now. 10. New models of computers will be suggested.

Работа с текстом

Прочитайте и переведите текст

Dancing

The earliest dances enjoyed in the colonies were group endeavors, such as contredances and quadrilles, that involved little body contact. After the waltz swept Europe in the mid-1800s - shocking solid citizens with the closeness required of partners - Americans eagerly embraced it, along with the polka, another imported «social dance».

At the turn of the century, though, Americans took the lead with the two-step, and subsequently taught the world to move to a different beat with each changing era. The elegant Vernon and Irene Castle epitomized the new age, popularizing not only their own Castle walk but also the fox-trot and the tango - mainstays of tea dances and ballrooms. Irene and Vernon Castle first danced together at private parties. Vernon, who was also an aviator, flew combat missions during World War I. Irene was one of the first women to bob her hair their heels came the '50s Latin craze, which introduced the cha-cha. Then rock rolled in. The top tune of 1960 was «The Twist», performed by Chubby Checker, who revolutionized social dancing. «I'm the guy that started people dancing apart», said Checker. No longer did partners need to touch each other or learn prescribed patterns - they simply «did their own thing» at discotheques.

Except when twirling to the intricate choreography of disco in the '70s, Americans continued dancing separately in free-form interpretations of the music. And in the trend of the '80s - break dancing - partners were dispensed with altogether, letting hip-hop dancers shine solo with electrifying dives, spins, and glides to the driving drone of rap.

Vocabulary

solid – солидный

subsequently – впоследствии

beat – ритм, такт

ballroom – танцевальный зал

combat – боевой

mission – вылет (боевой)

to bob – коротко стричь

guy – парень, малый

intricate – сложный, замысловатый

dispense with – обходиться без

dive – нырок