I. Read the words and word combinations and translate them into Russian. Сrude-oil trunk lines, populous eastern area, insufficient supplies, transportation of crude oil, supplying refineries

Сrude-oil trunk lines, populous eastern area, insufficient supplies, transportation of crude oil, supplying refineries, rapid development, declining production, total mileage, inland refineries, local market pattern, the opening or closing of valves, pressure, unattended, pump station.

II. Make up the word combinations

сrude area

eastern market

rapid lines

pump pumps

сentrifugal station

deepwater refineries

trunk terminals

local oil

telephone development

inland lines

Ш. Fill in the missing words(centrifugal pumps, crude oil, product line, crude-oil trunk lines, crude-oil pipelines)

1. Development of … began in the United States in the 20th century.

2. Pipelines were used for the transportation of … in the United States in the late 19th century.

3. Europe also has several … supplying inland refineries.

4. In Europe the first … was completed in 1953.

5. … are almost invariably used for mainline pumping.

IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements

1. Development of crude-oil trunk lines began in the United States in the late years of the 20th century.

2. By 1940 more than 85 percent of the crude oil supplied to eastern refineries came from west of the Mississippi River.

3. The "Big Inch" line was completed in 1945.

4. In Europe the first product line was completed in 1953.

5. Centrifugal pumps are almost invariably used for mainline pumping.

V. Put the words in order to make a sentence

1. Pipelines / are / for / transportation / used / of / oil / the / crude.

2. In / 1964 / was / by / replaced / the / it / largest / products / line / world's.

3. Centrifugal / for / are / used / mainline / pumps / pumping.

4. In / the / Europe / product / line / first / was / the / line / TRAPIL.

5. In / Middle / East / the / large / have / been / pipelines / built.

VI. Find the definitions to the following words

a) transportation; b) valve; c) inland; d) pump

VII. In pairs, role-play this situation

Student A:You are a journalist interviewing an engineer.

Student B:You are an engineer. Answer the journalist’s questions.

VIII. Make grammar analyses of the sentence

A pipeline to bring crude oil from the fields on the North Slope of Alaska to the southern port of Valdez was completed in 1977.

IX. Find the examples of Present Continuous Active tense in the text. When do we use the tense?

X. Give short answers to the questions

1. Did the development of crude-oil trunk lines begin in the United States in the early years of the 20th century?

2. Were pipelines used for the transportation of crude oil in the United States in the early 19th century?

3. Were there about 400,000 kilometers of oil pipeline in operation in the United States by the last quarter of the 20th century?

4. Did Europe also have several crude-oil pipelines supplying inland refineries?

5. Was the first product line in Europe completed in 1935?

XI. Read the questions and fill in the correct word

1. … did the development of crude-oil trunk lines begin in the United States?

a) When

b) What

c) Where

2. … were pipelines used in the United States in the late 19th century?

a) Why

b) What for

c) Where

3. … crude oil supplied to eastern refineries came from west of the Mississippi River by 1940?

a) How much

b) How many

c) How large

4. … was the oil pipeline in operation in the United States by the last quarter of the 20th century?

a) How long

b) How much

c) How many

5. ... have large pipelines been built in the Middle East?

a) Why

b) What for

c) Where

6. … was the "Big Inch" line completed?

a) When

b) What

c) Who

7. … was the first product line the TRAPIL line from the lower Seine region to Paris completed in Europe?

a) Where

b) When

c) Why

8. … of pumps are almost invariably used for mainline pumping?

a) What kind

b) What colour

c) What size

XII. Answer the questions

1. When did the development of crude-oil trunk lines begin in the United States?

2. When was a pipeline to bring crude oil from the fields on the North Slope of Alaska to the southern port of Valdez completed?

3. What was the purpose of building large pipelines in the Middle East?

4. When and why was the "Big Inch" line completed?

5. When and why was the first product line in Europe completed?

6. What types of pumps are almost invariably used for mainline pumping?

7. How is the starting of pumps and the opening or closing of valves being carried in unattended stations?