Present Perfect Continuous and Present Perfect compared
Present Perfect Simple | Present Perfect Continuous |
неправильные глаголы: вспомогательный глагол в нужной форме 'have' + третий столбик таблицы неправильных глаголов Пример: I / you / we / they have spoken he / she / it has spoken правильные глаголы: вспомогательный глагол в нужной форме 'have' + инфинитив+ ed Пример: I / you / we / they have worked he / she / it has worked | вспомогательный глагол в нужной форме'have' + been + глагол + ing Пример: I / you / we / they have been speaking he / she / it has been speaking |
Исключения | |
Исключения при добавлении окончания 'ed' :
| Exceptions when adding 'ing' :
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Употребление
Оба времени указывают на то, что действие началось в прошлом и все еще продолжается, либо только что закончилось. Во многих случаях можно употреблять обе формы, но есть различие в значении: Present PerfectSimple употребляется чтобы показать, что действие завершилось и важен результат его совершения. PresentPerfect Continuous указывает на длительность действия.
Результат или продолжительность?
Present Perfect Simple | Present Perfect Continuous |
Результат (what / how much / how often) I have written 5 letters. / I have been to London twice. | Продолжительность (how long) I have been writing for an hour. |
Определенные глаголы:
Следующие глаголы обычно употребляются только с Present Perfect Simple:
- утверждение: be, have (в всмысле обладания)
Пример: We have been on holiday for two weeks.
- чувства: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch
Пример: He has touched the painting.
- мыслительный процесс: believe, know, think, understand
Пример: I have known him for 3 years.
Ударение на завершении действия или продолжении?
Present Perfect Simple | Present Perfect Continuous |
Ударение на завершении I have done my homework. (= My homework is completed now.) | Ударение на продолжительности I have been doing my homework. (= That's how I have spent my time. Не важно закончена ли уже домашняя работа.) |
Результат или побочный эффект?
Present Perfect Simple | Present Perfect Continuous |
желаемый результат I have washed the car. (Результат: The car is clean now.) | нежелательный побочный эффект Why are you so wet? - I have been washing the car. (Побочный эффект: I became wet when I was washing the car. Не важно чистая ли уже машина или нет.) |
Постоянно или временно?
Если действие все еще продолжается и необходмо показать, что это постоянная ситуация, употребляется PresentPerfect Simple. Для временных ситуаций, предпочтительней употреблять Present Perfect Continuous. Это не правило, а скорее тенденция.
Present Perfect Simple | Present Perfect Continuous |
постоянно James has lived in this town for 10 years. (Он постоянный житель страны.) | временно James has been living here for a year. (Это только временно. Может быть он студен по обмену и пробудет только 1-2 года тут.) |
Ключевые словосочетания
Present Perfect Simple | Present Perfect Continuous |
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Past Perfect Continuous
The Past Perfect Continuous is formed with the auxiliary verb to be in the Past Perfect and Participle I of the notional verb. In the interrogative form the first auxiliary verb is placed before the subject.
The negative-interrogative form: Had he not been writing? Hadn't he been writing?
In the negative form the negative particle not is placed after the first auxiliary verb.
The Past Perfect Continuous is used:
1. to express an action, which had been in the progress before a definite moment in the past and was still going on at that moment.
I had been reading about an hour when he came. The Past Perfect Continuous is often used with for and since. When the actress arrived, a crowd had been waiting for several hours to greet her.
2. to denote an action which was no longer going on at a definite moment in the past, but which had been in progress not long before. '
He was tired. He had been repairing the roof of the
house.
Remember that the Present Perfect Continuous becomes the Past Perfect Continuous in the reported speech, (have/has been doing —> had been doing)
Future Perfect Continuous
The Future Perfect Continuous is formed with the auxiliary verb to be in the Future Perfect and Participle I of the notional verb.
In interrogative form the- first auxiliary verb is placed before the subject.
In the negative form the negative particle not is placed after the first auxiliary verb.