I should be writing he would be writing she would be writing it would be writing
We should be writing you would be writing they would be writing
(He was sure that)
I should have written he would have written she would have written it would have written
We should have written you would have written they would have written
(He supposed that)
I should not be writing he would not be writing she would not be writing it would not be writing
We should not be writing you would not be writing they would not be writing
(He guessed that)
I should not have written he would not have written she would not have written it would not have written
We should not have written you would not have written they would not have written
home in a few days. 5. Are you afraid we shan't be in time? 6. She promises that she will finish the work in a week. 7. I think Henry will help us. 8. I hope we'll enjoy the show. 9. She expects he'll win the race.
Упражнение 257
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Simpleили Future-in-the-Past Simple.
1. I know we (not to be) late. 2. I knew we (not to be) late. 3. I want to know whether he (to be) at home. 4. I wanted to know whether he (to be) at home. 5. "When you (to be) ready?" he asked. 6. He asked when I (to be) ready. 7. I can't say whether Bob (to do) the work perfectly, but he (to do) his best.
8. He asked me whether he (to see) Olga there.
9. Are you sure that we (to have) time to do that?
10. I was afraid he (to say), "I don't think I (to be)
able to come." 11. I did not know what he (to speak)
about. 12.1 knew your aunt (to bake) special cookies
for all her nieces and nephews.
Упражнение 258
Употребите следующие предложения как прида точные дополнительные. В роли главных предложений используйте предложения, данные в скобках.
(I supposed; He believed; She was sure; We were told; I heard; She said; He understood; She imagined; The letter said.)
• E.g. My brother will be sleeping.
I supposed that my brother would be sleeping.
1. He will solve the problem in no time. 2. The new film will be on in many cinemas. 3. The teacher
218 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
will have corrected our papers by the beginning of the lesson. 4. She will not like this TV programme. 5. The train will arrive on time. 6. The children will be playing in the yard. 7. All the newspapers will publish this information. 8. They will win the game. 9. I shall go to the south. 10. My sister will not forget to ring me up. 11. I shall have done my homework by nine o'clock. 12. The tourists will not return by sunset. 13. My friends will be waiting for me. 14. My friend will have returned by that time. 15. They will be working the whole evening. 16. He will return this book to the library immediately.
Упражнение 259
Переведите на английский язык, обращая внимание на время глагола в главном предложении.
1. Я знаю, что он скоро придет. 2. Я знал, что он скоро придет. 3. Я думаю, что она будет спать в это время. 4. Я думал, что она будет спать в это время. 5. Она думает, что сделает всю работу к пяти часам. 6. Она думала, что сделает всю работу к пяти часам. 7. Я был уверен, что к десяти часам он уже выучит стихотворение. 8. Я знал, что к девяти часам мама уже приготовит ужин и в девять часов вся семья будет сидеть за столом. Я боялся, что приду слишком поздно. 9. Она боялась, что ее друг не придет. 10. Они написали, что скоро приедут. 11. Я был уверен, что встречу его на станции. 12. Я думаю, что папа скоро напишет нам письмо. 13. Вам сказали, что в декабре мы будем писать контрольную работу? 14. Он понял, что никогда ее не забудет. 15. Я полагаю, что они вспомнят о нас. 16. Он говорит, что знает этого человека.
| Все времена действительного залога | ||||
| Present | Past | Future | Future-in-the-Past | |
| Simple (Indefinite) | He writes letters every day. | He wrote a letter yesterday. | He will write a letter tomorrow. | (He said that) he would write a letter the next day. |
| Continuous (Progressive) | He is writing a letter now. | He was writing a letter at 5 o'clock yesterday. | He will be writing a letter at 5 o'clock tomorrow. | (He said that) he would be writing a letter at 5 o'clock the next day. |
| о ф ч-. 0) о. | He has already written a letter. | He had written a letter by 5 o'clock yesterday. | He will have written a letter by 5 o'clock tomorrow. | (He said that) he would have written a letter by 5 o'clock the next day. |
| Perfect Continuous (Perfect Progressive) | He has been writing a letter since morning. | He had been writing a letter for two hours when 1 came. | He will have been writing a letter for two hours when 1 come. | (He said that) he would have been writing a letter for two hours when 1 came. |
220 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
Упражнения на все 16 времен действительного залога
Упражнение 260
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. When morning came, the storm already (to stop), but the snow still (to fall). 2. Yesterday by eight o'clock he (to finish) all his homework, and when I (to come) to his place at nine, he (to read).
3. I (to wait) for permission to go abroad for three weeks already, but I (not to receive) the visa yet.
4. Everybody (to be) at the door of the museum, but my friend (not yet to come). 5. We (to drink) tea when the telephone (to ring). 6. Johnny noticed that everybody (to look) at him, and he (to feel) shy. 7. Light (to travel) more quickly than sound. 8. When I (to come) to Pete's house last Sunday, he (to read) a new book. He (to say) he (to give) it to me soon. Today I (to take) it from him. Now I (to read) it. I (to finish) it by Friday. If you like, I (to give) it to you on Saturday when you (to come) to see me. 9. When will he come? We (to wait) for him for half an hour already. 10. On leaving the hall, the students (to thank) the professor who (to deliver) the lecture. 11.We already (to cover) about ten miles when Peter, who (to look) out of the window for the last five or ten minutes, suddenly exclaimed, "Here is the station!"
Упражнение 261
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1.Не (to be) here five minutes ago, but you (to be) out. He (to ask) me to tell you that he (to come)
again tonight. 2. You (to read) "The Murder of Roger Ackroyd" by Agatha Christie? — No, I (not yet to read) it. But I (to hear) that it (to be) a very interesting book. I (to read) it as soon as I (to get) it. 3. When we (to come) to the station, the train already (to arrive). The passengers (to hurry) to occupy their seats in the carriages. 4. The concert (to be) a greater success than we (to expect). We were very glad. 5. He (to tell) me that if no one (to come) to meet me at the station, I (can) leave the suitcases in the checkroom and go to the hotel where he (to reserve) a room for me. 6. Lanny (to return) home after seven years of absence. During these seven years he (to study) in Cape Town where his people (to send) him. Lanny was glad at the thought that he (to do) what they (to hope) he (to do) and that soon he (to be) among his people again.
Упражнение 262
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. We could not go out because it (to rain) hard since early morning. 2. She (to teach) at our school for twenty years now. 3. Ring me up as soon as you (to come) home. 4. He (to begin) to write his composition at three o'clock. It is already eleven, and he still (to write) it. He says he (to finish) it by twelve. 5. We (to help) our librarian to put the books in the right order for three days already, but we (to arrange) only half the books. 6. What you (to do) when I (to come) in? 7. When I (to come) to his house, they (to tell) me that he (to leave) an hour before. 8. On checking up his answers he (to find) out that he (to make) several mistakes. 9. When I (to leave) home, the snow already (to stop), but a strong wind (to blow). 10. You (to read) this book? — Yes, I (to read)
222ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
it. I (to think) it (to be) very interesting. 11. What the children (to do) now? — Oh, they (to play) the new board game which I just (to buy) for them. 12. They (to reach) the corner of the street by now and (to stand) at the bus stop. 13. After we (to walk) about two hours, we arrived at a picturesque giade covered with fresh grass. 14. That (to be) what I (to complain) about.
Упражнение 263
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. At last the librarian (to give) me the book which I (to wait) for during two months. I was very glad. I (to go) home and (to begin) reading it at once. 2. Don't speak to him: he (to be) very busy, he (to do) some very urgent work. 3. I did not want him to go there: I (to be) afraid that something (to happen).
4. I did not notice that my watch (to stop), and when I (to arrive) at the station, my train (to leave) and I (to have) to ask when the next train (to come).
5. He (to wait) for fifteen minutes when at last he (to see) her at the end of the platform. 6. By the end of the year he (to read) about two hundred pages. 7. We were happy when the sun (to rise), for the night (to be) very cold. 8. Where you (to put) my dictionary? I cannot find it anywhere. 9. I (not yet to fall) asleep when the telephone (to ring). 10. What you (to do) from six till nine yesterday? 11. The children (to play) here at eleven o'clock, but now they (to go) home. 12. Go to see your old grandfather as soon as you (to arrive) in Novgorod. 13. You always (to spend) summer at the seaside? — Yes, as a rule. Last summer I (to go) to the mountains, but I (not to find) the rest there as pleasant as near the sea. 14. When they returned, they (to tell) us many in-
Употребление времен
teresting things which they (to see) during their journey. 15. When I (to leave) home, it (to rain).
Упражнение 264
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. Our train starts late in the evening, so if you (to come) at seven o'clock, we still (to pack) our luggage. 2. When you (to see) him last? 3. I (to meet) him when he (to walk) across the park. 4. You ever (to act) on the stage? — Why, yes, that's what I (to do) for the last six years. 5. Don't enter the bedroom! The child (to sleep) there, and he always (to wake) up when somebody (to open) the door. 6. Where is your luggage? — I (to leave) it at the station. I (to take) it tomorrow when Nick (to come) to help me.
7. I (to read) about an hour when he (to come).
8. The play (not yet to begin) and the people (to talk) in the hall. 9. One night a little swallow (to fly) over the city. His friends (to fly) away to Egypt six weeks before, but he (to stay) behind. 10. What you (to do) these three months? 11. Yesterday I (to buy) a new pair of gloves, as I (to lose) the old ones. 12. We (to walk) in silence. He already (to tell) me all that (to be) interesting about himself, and I (to have) nothing to tell him. 13. The moon (not to rise) yet, and only two stars, like two distant lighthouses, (to shine) in the dark blue sky.
Упражнение 265
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. What you (to read)? — I (to read) a magazine. — How long you (to read) it? — I (to read) it for half an hour. 2. She (to live) in Moscow for ten years
224 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
when her sister (to come) to live with her. 3. Our teacher (to come). Now he (to speak) with our librarian. 4. They (to speak) when I (to look) at them. 5. What you (to do) here? — I (to prepare) for my report. — How long you (to prepare) for it? — Oh, I (to work) since morning. 6. He (to teach) at school for five years when the war (to break) out. 7. She (to study) English since last year. 8. You ever (to be) to London? — Yes, I (to be) there last summer.
9. What your friend (to do) now? — She (to have)
dinner. She usually (to have) dinner at this time.
10. I (to buy) a new dress. I (to show) it to you to
morrow when you (to come) to my place. 11. So you
begin working tomorrow! And who (to take) care of
your children when you (to go) to work? 12. Hello,
Peter! Where you (to go)? — I (to go) to the library.
13. I (to walk) about an hour when I (to see) a little
house not far from the river. 14. When he (to read)
the newspaper, he (to give) it to his brother. 15. He
(to leave) for Rostov in 1990 and since then he (to
live) there. 16. At this time tomorrow we (to discuss)
your report. 17. Now she (to read) the book which
I (to give) her yesterday. 18. I always (to hate) such
cruelty. 19. No, I (not to see) that movie.
Упражнение 266
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. How long you (to wait) for me? I am really very sorry. 2. Yesterday I (to meet) a friend of mine whom I (not to see) for a long time. 3. Ring me up at eleven o'clock, I (not yet to sleep). 4. You (to be) late for the concert if you (not to take) a taxi. 5. The sun (to set) a long time ago, and it (to begin) to get really cold. 6. When I (to come) home yesterday, my sister
already (to return) and (to sit) at the fireplace looking through some old photographs. 7. He (to smoke) three cigarettes and (to look) through all the books on the shelf, when at last he (to hear) his friend's steps approaching the door. 8. The first person whom Andrew (to see) as he (to enter) was his old nurse. She (to sit) on the sofa. During the last five years she greatly (to change) and now (to look) a very old woman. 9. She is going to read the letter she just (to receive). 10. He just (to approach) the door, when she (to enter). 11. He (to write) the composition for three hours and he (to say) he soon (to finish) it as he (to think) over the conclusion now. 12. Where is the baby? — The nurse (to put) it to bed. 13. He said he (to work) for a long time without achieving good results. 14. Hardly1 I (to go) out when I (to remember) that I (to forget) to take my umbrella. 15. It (to be) late. You (not to finish) yet?
Упражнение 267
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. The students (to write) the paper by dinnertime. 2. They (to sail) down the river for many hours before they (to come) to the village. 3. I (not to be) to my home town for five years. 4. The rain (to stop) by the time we (to reach) home. 5. The message (to arrive) five minutes after he (to leave) the house. 6. It (to be) nearly eleven o'clock when we (to begin) doing this work. 7. At last the reply from my grandmother (to come), and my mother (to tell) me that she (to come) soon. 8. Here you (to be) at last! I (to
1 После hardly употребляйте Past Perfect и обратный порядок слов. 8 Ю. Голицынский
226 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
wait) for you for twenty minutes. You (not to be) ashamed? 9. Peter (to read) by the fireplace when the door (to open) and the maid (to enter). The cook (to follow) her. 10. When the mother (to satisfy) herself that the children (to sleep) peacefully in their beds, she (to take) out the Christmas presents and carefully (to put) them into the stockings which (to hang) at the beds. 11. If you (to ring) me up tomorrow, I (to tell) you all about it. 12. The lesson (not yet to begin), and the children (to talk) loudly in the corridor. 13. I (to live) in St. Petersburg since 1991. 14. By the fifteenth of January the students (to pass) all the exams. 15. I (to wait) for the postman now. He (not to be) here yet. 16. You (to hear) the news?
Упражнение 268
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. Where is Nick? — Не (not to be) at home, he (to go) to the cinema. Wait for him, he (to come) in half an hour. 2. It was very late. I (to go) to bed and (to fall) asleep when my father (to return) home. 3. I'll join you when I (to drink) my tea. 4. When I (to come), he (to live) in the same old house where I first (to meet) him. He (to tell) me he (to wait) for me for some time already. 5. The pupils (to do) a lot of exercises before they (to learn) to write dictations well. 6. I could not hear a sound: they (to stop) talking. 7. On entering the drawing room, he (to find) that his two friends (to get) up and (to wait) for him. 8. The sportsmen (to train) since early morning; now they (to go) over the high jump, as they (not to be) satisfied with their results. 9. Five minutes (not to pass) when the train for which we (to wait) (to appear) in the distance. 10. Tomorrow father (to come) late.
We (to do) all our homework and (to drink) tea when he (to come). 11. When Mrs. Smith (to come) home yesterday, she (to see) that her daughter (to cook) supper and (to wait) for her with the table laid. 12. Anyone (to see) my dog? 13. You (to go) to the pictures tonight?
Упражнение 269
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. Не said he (to listen) to the same stories for a long time. 2. By the evening he (to translate) ten pages. 3. You ever (to be) to the new stadium? — Yes, I (to be) there last Saturday. 4. The old lady was happy: she (not to see) her son for three years. 5. What you (to do) yesterday? 6. How many pages you (to translate) for today? 7. The day (to be) cold and it (to rain). When I (to reach) home, my raincoat (to be) all wet. I (to take) it off, (to shake) the water off it, (to hang) it up and (to go) into the living room. My children (to play) on the carpet. When they (to see) me, they (to jump) up and (to run) up to me. 8. I (to hear) this song several times already, but I cannot remember the words. I (to write) them down as soon as I (to hear) this song again. 9. Hardly1 he (to open) the suitcase, when he (to find) the tie which he (to think) he (to lose) long before. 10. Shut the door! The room (to be) full of smells which (to come) from the kitchen. Mother (not to like) kitchen smells in the room. 11. Last night he (to finish) the book which he (to begin) writing a year ago. 12.1 (to be) afraid he (to lose) this match. 13. Who (to make) all that noise? 14. Sharks (to be) on earth more than 350 million years.
1 Hardly см. примечание на стр. 225.
228 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
Упражнение 270
• Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. When the train (to stop), I (to look) out of the window but (not to see) any of my friends there. I (to send) them a telegram and hoped that they (to meet) me. As I (to discover) later, they (to receive) it ten minutes before the train arrived and could not meet me. 2. We were greatly surprised not to find Ann at home. It turned out that her sister (to forget) to give her our message, and Ann (to leave) the house fifteen minutes before we (to come). 3. I decided not to put on my raincoat as it (to stop) raining already and the sun (to shine) brightly. 4. The young people entered the theatre. The performance already (to begin), and they (to have) to wait till the first act (to be) over. Nina never (to be) here before and she (to like) the theatre very much. 5. I did not recognize Helen as I (not to see) her for a very long time and she greatly (to change). 6. When the teacher told the boy to recite the poem, the boy (to burst) into tears: he (not to remember) anything, though he (to try) to learn his lesson so hard. 7. Jane usually works in the library. She (to work) there now. She already (to gather) the necessary material and now she (to write) her report. 8. When we (to come) to the station, our train already (to leave), and we (to have) to wait for two hours before another one (to come). 9. I was anxious to see the place where I (to spend) my childhood. 10. Victor asked me to explain the new rule to him, as he (to miss) the previous lesson. 11. John Gray (to visit) Russia in 1989 and (not to be) here since that time. 12. The sight of the school building brought back the old days to us. Here we (to spend) many years together. We (to learn) to read and write; here we (to experience) our first joys
and sorrows. We recollected our first day at school, how we (to come) to our first lesson looking alarmed and excited.
Упражнение 271
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
Ann: Hello, Kate. I am so glad you (to come) at last. Where you (to spend) the morning?
Kate: I (to be) in the bookstore choosing new books in English.
Ann: It (to rain) still? It (to be) rather dark in the room.
Kate: No, the rain (to stop), but the wind (to blow). On my way to your place I (to meet) Mary. You (to know) her?
Ann: Of course I .... I (to know) her since childhood. When we (to be) children, we often (to play) together. Where you (to meet) her? I (not to see) her for a long time. What she (to look) like?
Kate: She (not to change) a bit. She (to go) to the library when I (to meet) her.
Ann: What she (to tell) you?
Kate: She (to tell) me she recently (to return) from a very interesting trip and that she (to travel) a lot and (to see) many interesting things. She (to want) to see all her friends soon.
Ann: Oh, then she (to come) to see me, too, I (to think).
Kate: Yes, that (to be) a pleasant meeting, I (to be) sure. But what (to be) the time? My watch (to stop) and I (not to know) the exact time.
Ann: It (to be) ten minutes to three.
Kate: Oh, then let's begin working at once. At four o'clock I must go. My mother (to wait) for me at the metro station at a quarter past four.
230 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
Упражнение 272
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. Он был счастлив: он написал отличное сочинение. 2. Я ищу тебя весь вечер. 3. Я вдруг вспомнил, что ничего не ел с утра. 4. К счастью, дождь уже перестал, когда мы вышли. 5. Сколько лет вы работаете в этой школе? 6. В одиннадцать часов мы еще работали. 7. В одиннадцать часов мы уже работали три часа. 8. Я уже три раза говорил тебе, что надо переписать упражнение. 9. Я уже целый час читал после обеда, когда пришел папа. 10. Я не приду. Я буду писать сочинение весь вечер. 11. Где ты был с прошлой пятницы? 12. Я уже две недели живу у друзей. 13. Я уже две недели жил у друзей, когда получил письмо.
14. Сколько дней вы уже читаете эту книгу?
15. Только когда она была в поезде, она вспомни
ла, что оставила книгу дома. 16. Они живут в этом
доме уже пять лет. 17. Моя сестра была больна
уже несколько дней, когда я узнала об этом.
18. Ты знал, что он не написал сочинение? 19. Мы
не получаем от нее писем уже несколько месяцев.
20. Сколько лет вы уже работаете на этом заводе?
21. Он уже ушел, когда Лена включила радио.
22. Я работаю над этой проблемой уже три месяца. 23. Вы должны отдохнуть. Вы слишком много работали сегодня.
Упражнение 273
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. Что делает твой брат? — Он работает в институте. — А что он сейчас делает? — Он читает
газету. Я всегда приношу ему газеты, когда он приходит с работы. 2. Было уже темно, когда мы подошли к дому; дул сильный ветер, и становилось все холоднее и холоднее. 3. Что вы будете делать завтра в восемь часов вечера? — Завтра к восьми часам я уже закончу все свои уроки, и в восемь часов буду играть на рояле. 4. Они читали Диккенса по-английски, и знают многие его произведения. 5. Наступила зима, и теперь мы опять будем часто ходить на каток. 6. Когда Том вышел из дома, все ребята играли в футбол, а Билл и Джон считали круглые камешки, которые они принесли с реки. 7. Она была удивлена: она еще никогда не видела столько цветов. 8. Когда я проснулся, мама уже встала и готовила чай. 9. Я уже полчаса стараюсь вспомнить ее имя, но до сих пор еще не вспомнил. 10. Когда он пришел домой, мы уже ушли в кино. 11. Она сказала, что идет дождь и нам лучше сидеть дома. 12. Она жила в этом доме уже пять лет, когда приехал ее брат. 13. Она думала, что будет хорошая погода. 14. Разве ты не понимаешь, что весной будет уже три года, как я ношу эту шляпку? 15. Неужели они играют в шахматы с самого утра? 16. Они шли по дороге уже два или три часа, когда вдруг пошел дождь. 17. Я знаю, что она работает над этой статьей уже три недели. 18. Когда я повторила свой вопрос, он сказал, что не слышал меня в первый раз, но я ясно видела, что он хорошо слышал меня оба раза. 19. Ну, уложила ты свои вещи, наконец? Такси уже десять минут ожидает у дверей. 20. Мы сидим здесь уже два часа, а я все еще не рассказал тебе о своей поездке. 21. Где Мери? — Она в библиотеке, она готовится к докладу. Она уже работает три часа. 22. Он думал, что его друзья работают вместе.
Passive Voice
PASSIVE VOICE
to be + IIIформа глагола
Спряжение глагола to take(брать, отводить) во временах группы Simple в Passive Voice