ПР № 10: Культурные и национальные традиции, краеведение, обычаи и праздники

(7 часов)

Тип занятия: формирование умений и навыков.

Форма занятия: практическая работа.

Цель занятия: совершенствование и развитие навыков устной и письменной речи, навыков чтения и перевода текста профессиональной направленности на английском языке.

Образовательные задачи занятия:

- выработать навыки чтения, письменной и устной речи на английском языке

Воспитательные задачи занятия:

- развитие понимания сущности и значимости английского языка для получаемой профессии, устойчивого интереса;

Развивающие задачи занятия: продолжить развитие умений

- осуществлять поиск и использование информации, необходимой для эффективного выполнения задач, профессионального и личностного развития;

- работать в коллективе и команде, эффективно общаться с коллегами;

Обеспечение занятия: методические указания к практическим работам, проектор, экран.

Структура занятия:

1) Организационный этап.

2) Целеполагание.

3) Актуализация знаний (фронтальный опрос).

4) Выполнение практических заданий.

5) Контроль результатов выполнения практической работы.

6) Подведение итогов занятия, выставление оценок.

7) Домашнее задание, пояснения по его выполнению.

Задания:

Read and translate.

Some special days in Britain

Saint Valentine’s Day

14th February, when traditionally people send a valentine (=special card) to someone they love, often without saying who the card is from. They may also send flowers or other presents as a sign of love.

Saint David’s Day

Saint David, the patron saint of Wales, is celebrated on 1st March each year. This is the Welsh national holiday. Many Welsh people wear one or both of the national emblems of Wales. Boys usually wear leeks whilst girls wear daffodils.

Saint Patrick’s Day

The patron saint of Ireland, who helped to spread the Christian religion there and who people think got rid of snakes in Ireland. St Patrick's Day, 17th March, is celebrated in Ireland where people drink Irish beer and often wear green clothes.

Easter

A Christian holiday in March or April when Christians remember the death of Christ and his return to life. People give each other chocolate eggs. Children believe the Easter bunny brings the chocolate eggs.

Saint George’s Day

This is the patron saint of England. The national holiday is celebrated on 23rd April. This day is not celebrated as much in England as other National Days are around the world. People wear a rose or fly the St. George's Cross flag

Halloween

The night of31st October, which is now celebrated by children, who dress in costumes and go from house to house asking for sweets. This is called trick-or-treating. In the past, people believed the souls of dead people appeared on Hallowe'en.

Guy Fawkes Night

Peoplecelebrate this night on the 5th November.Guy Fawkes tried to blow up the Housesof Parliament in 1605. He didn't succeed. Now people celebrate this with fireworks, burningdolls and a song: remember, remeber the fifth of Novemer!

Saint Andrew’s Day

He is the patron saint of Scotland and St Andrew's Day, 30th November,
is celebrated as the Scottish national day. They wear a thistle on this
special day.

Christmas

Christmas Eve is celebrated on the 24th December. Children leave socks and hope
Father Christmas will bring some presents. Christmas Day, 25th December is a family day. People usually have dinner and sit around the Christmas tree.

Boxing Day

This name goes back to the tradition that richer people gave the poor a box,
filled with all kinds of food. Even today some companies give their workers
a kind of Cristmas box. This bank holiday is celebrated on 26th December.

New Year’s Eve

On 31st December, the last day of the year, many people go to parties. They also make some New Year's resolutions (a decision to do something better or to stop doing something bad in the new year).

American Holidays

American holidays are various in characters. Some of them are religious and some are connected with American history. American holidays are almost always celebrated by gathering together family and friends. There are often traditional meals. There are ten main holidays in the USA.

They are :

1) New Year.

New Year’s Eve is celebrated on December 31. At midnight, bells ring, horns blow and friends exchange hugs and kisses. Everyone stays up late to celebrate the arrival of another year. New Year’s Day is traditionally the habits. In big cities it is celebrated with parades, sporting events and fireworks.

2) Valentine’s Day.

On February 14, or St. Valentine’s Day, people in America remind the people who are important to them that they are loved. Husbands and wives, parents and children, children and teachers give each other cards and candy that show how they really feel.

3) Easter.

Easter is a religious holiday that come on a Sunday between March 22 and April 25. Christians believe that Christ rose from the dead on Easter. Other people celebrate as a sign of the coming spring. American paint eggs pretty colours and give them as gifts to children. A rabbit called the “Easter Bunny” brings the eggs and hides them for children to find.

4) Memorial or Decoration Day.

This holiday comes on May 30 and is dedicated to the servicemen who gave their lives in past wars. Schools, clubs and churches decorate cemeteries and hold memorial services. They hang American flags on the main streets of towns.

5) The Fourth of July ( Independence Day): This is the biggest holiday of the USA.

It is celebrated as the birthday of the country, because on this day in 1776, the colonies declared their independence from the British Crown and became the United Stats of America. On Independence Day, Americans march in parades and gather with friends and family. They cook hamburgers and hot dogs over a fire. In the evening, people watch fireworks.

6) Labour Day.

This is the holiday dedicated to the American working class and comes on the first Monday of September. It marks the beginning of autumn and is the last real holiday of summer vacation before Labour Day, as it is the end of summer vacation before the beginning of school.

7) Halloween.

October 31 is a day when people, mostly children, dress up in costumes, enjoy parties, and collect candy from their neighbors saying “Trick or treat”. The tradition started because, according to superstition, October 31 is the last day that spirits and devils can roam the earth before “All Hallows Day”, a holy day in the church. This means has been shortened to “Hallow out a pumpkin, carve a face into it and place a candle inside, making a glowing head called a jack-o-lantern.

8) Veterans’ Day.

This comes on November 11 and is usually marked with parades and ceremonies in which people honor those who have served in the country’s military.

9) Thanksgiving Day.

This holiday comes on the fourth Thursday in November and is a national holiday too. It is the day for being thankful for what one has and for the harvest. The tradition began when, in the 17th century, the colonists from Plymouth colony in Massachusetts held a big harvest celebration with their Native American friends who had helped them grow food after a terrible harvest the previous year. On Thanksgiving Day, families traditionally eat roast turkey. People travel long distances in order to be with their family on this holiday.

10) Christmas.

Christmas is a religious celebration. It is celebrated on December 25 as a birthday of Christ. It is family holiday, and every house tries to have a Christmas tree, which is brightly decorated. As a rule, presents for children, relatives and close friends are placed under the tree. There are many traditional songs, sweets and trees, associated with Christmas. According to tradition, a mythical grandfatherly old man named “ Santa Claus” brings presents to all the children while they are sleeping. He places them in the stockings (socks) that they leave for him to fill. There are many other holidays that almost everyone in USA celebrates.

Canadian holidays

Canadian holidays are almost the same as american ones, except some holidays, like:

Victoria Day

The Monday preceding May 24

There are many animals in Australia that you cannot see anywhere else, and talking of the animals, we should mention kangaroos in the first place. There are many different types of kangaroo. The biggest are the great grey kangaroos. They are 213 centimeters tall and can run at 56 kilometers per hour. Some run from you then stop and stare.

During her final years of life, Britain’s long-serving monarch, QueenVictoria (1819-1901), enjoyed quite an extensive cult of popularity across the Empire, and her death prompted the Canadian Parliament to declare the late sovereign’s birthday (May 24) a national holiday. Over a century later,Victoria Day still survives, though it has been retroactively redefined as the observed celebration of the “current monarch’s birthday,” despite the fact that the actual birthday of the current monarch, Elizabeth II (b. 1926), is in April.

Regardless of its royal origins, in modern Canada Victoria Day is typically viewed as little more than a convenient long weekend (in some provinces, the nickname is simply the “May Long“), and an excuse for short spring vacations and camping trips. In 1952, the Government of Canada abandoned the pretence of even keeping the holiday on a consistent day, and simply declared that it would always be celebrated the Monday closest to the 24th, in order to guarantee it would always create a three-day weekend. Canadians sometimes refer to this as the “2-4 long weekend,” in reference to the fact that the numbers in the late Queen’s birthdate conveniently describe the amount of cans in a large flat of beer.