Правила образования прошедшего длительного времени

Правила образования настоящего длительного времени

Для образования утвердительной формы в настоящем длительном временииспользуется вспомогательный глагол to be в настоящем времени (am, is, are) и причастие настоящего времени смыслового глагола (-ing форма).

to be

(I)am(he, she. it)is(we, you, they) are

+ V - ing

I am playing tennis.

Я играю в теннис (сейчас).

He is playing football.

Он играет в футбол (сейчас).

She is cooking.

Она готовит еду (сейчас).

It is raining.

Идет дождь (сейчас).

We are living in a small flat.

Мы живем в маленькой квартирке (в настоящий момент).

You/ They are going to school.

Вы (ты, они) идете (-ешь, -ут) в школу.

Глаголы в форме настоящего продолженного времени часто употребляются с обстоятельствами now - сейчас, at the moment- в настоящий момент. Однако часто эти слова в предложении отсутствуют, так как они всегда очевидны из самой формы глагола.

Чтобы образовать вопросительное предложение в настоящем продолженном времени нужно поставить глагол to beперед подлежащим, а смысловой глагол в форме -ing будет стоять после подлежащего.

Is she cooking?

Она готовит еду?

Are you playing tennis?

Вы играете в теннис,

Чтобы образовать отрицательную форму нужно после вспомогательного глагола to be поставить отрицательную частицу not.

She is not crying.

Она не плачет.

They are not smiling.

Они не улыбаются.

Обратите внимание! В настоящем длительном времени обычно не употребляются следующие глаголы:

• see, recognize, hear, smell, appear, taste, seem, sound

Can you hear the wind?

Ты слышишь ветер?

• want, wish, hope, like, forget, forgive, prefer, hate, love

Which chocolate do you like best?

Какой шоколад ты любишь больше?

• think, know, mean, understand, remember, guess, forget, agree, believe

I think the shop is open now.

Я думаю, что магазин сейчас открыт.

• be, have

I have a headache.

У меня болит голова.

Но: I'm having a bath. - Я сейчас принимаю ванну.

• cost, own, belong to, consist of, matter, contain, depend (on) concern

How much does it cost?

Сколько это стоит?

The bottle contains a litre of milk.

Бутылка вмещает литр молока.

Выполни задания

Задание№1

1. I ... to music in my room now.

am listening
am listen
listen
listening

2. He ... to fly to Paris next week.

goes
is going
is go
going

3. She .... for the concert these days.

practises
practise
are practising
is practising

4. What .... they doing?

do
are
is
am

5. We ... hard these days.

will work
work
is working
are working

6. She ... her bike at the moment.

ride
is ride
is riding
rides

7. I ... to Paris tomorrow.

will fly
am flying
fly
is flying

8. He ... for a job now.

are looking
looked
looks
is looking

9. He ... to the party with us. He's too tired today.

is coming
isn't coming
won't come
will come

10. you ... always ... my things!

do take
take
are taking
aren't taking

11. Tom and I ... tennis on Sunday.

are playing
am playing
are play
am play

12. Listen! Somebody ... .

cries
is crying
crying
are crying

13. My family .... in the living room and watching TV.

is sitting
is siting
sits
isn't sitting

14. Look! That boy ... alone on the edge of the road.

are staying
staying
am staying
is staying

15. He .... in the park because he's preparing to his exams.

isn't walking
walking
is walking
isn't walk

Задание №2

Обратите внимание при выполнении, в каких ситуациях нужно использовать настоящее длительное время, а в каких настоящее простое время, а также на некоторые глаголы, которые не употребляются в длительном времени, поэтому в таких предложениях всегда будет простое время.

1. “Excuse me, (you / to speak) English?

Начало формы

do you speak are you speaking

Конец формы

2. “Where's Andrew?” - “I (to know).”

Начало формы

don't know am not knowing

Конец формы

3. What (you / to laugh at )?

Начало формы

do you laugh at are you laughing at

Конец формы

4. "Where (you / to come from)?" - "Russia".

Начало формы

do you come from are you coming from

Конец формы

5. Anna is a good golf player but she (to play) very often.

Начало формы

doesn't play isn't playing

Конец формы

6. I am sorry but I (not to understand). Can you speak louder?

Начало формы

don't understand am not understanding

Конец формы

7. Listen! Someone(to sing).

Начало формы

sings is singing

Конец формы

8. You can turn the TV off. I (not to watch) it.

Начало формы

don't watch am not watching

Конец формы

9. I usually (to leave) my house at 8 p.m.

Начало формы

is leaving leave

Конец формы

10. Misha is tired. He (to want) to go home now.

Начало формы

wants is wanting

Конец формы

Правила образования прошедшего длительного времени

Прошедшее длительное время обозначает действие, происходившее в определённый момент в прошлом, который обозначен либо обстоятельством времени (at that moment, at ... o'clock yesterday), либо другим коротким, одноразовым действием в Past Simple. При этом ни начало, ни конец длительного действия неизвестны. Подчёркивается сам процесс действия, его продолжительность.

Утвердительная форма в прошедшем длительном времени образуется при помощи глагола to be и -ing формы смыслового глагола.

to be

(I)was(he, she. it)was(we, you, they) were

+ V - ing

It was raining when Tom left my house.

Шел дождь, когда Том вышел из моего дома.

They were watching TV when we came.

Когда мы пришли, они смотрели телевизор.

Чтобы образовать отрицательную форму, нужно поставить отрицание not после глагола to be.

He was not (wasn't) working.

They were not watching TV when we came.

Для того, чтобы образовать вопросительную формув прошедшем длительном времени, нужно глагол to be поставить в начале предложения.

Washe working?

Were they watching TV when you came?

Обратите внимание! Прошедшее длительное время употребляется в следующих случаях:

• если описывается действие, происходившее в определенный момент в прошлом.

Ann was writing a test at 2 o'clock yesterday.

Аня вчера писала контрольную работу в 2 часа.

• если есть указание на одновременное выполнение двух действий.

My mother was cooking dinner while we were cleaning the room.

Пока мы убирали комнату. моя мама готовила обед.

• если в предложении описывается действие, во время которого произошло другое действие (выраженное глаголом в Past Simple).

I was cleaning my room when Bob came.

Я убирал комнату, когда пришел Боб.

Выполни задания

Задание№1

1We ___ tea when our grandparents came.

Awas having Bwere have Cwere having

2He ___ the house this time yesterday.

Awas painting Bwere painting Cpainting

3Mary ___ home when she met her old friend.

Awas walking Bwas walk Cwere walking

4They ___ cricket at 10 a.m. yesterday.

Anot playing Bweren’t playing Cwasn’t playing

5Sam and I ___ over the phone when the connection failed.

Awere chat Bwas chatting Cwere chatting

6The radio was on but nobody ___ to it.

Awere listening Bwas listening Cweren’t listening

7She ___ dinner while her husband was working in the garden.

Awas cooking Bwas cook Cwere cooking

8Carol was at the party last night. She ___ a very nice dress.

Awearing Bwas wearing Cwere wearing

9___ at 8 p.m. yesterday?

AKnitting she BWere she knitting CWas she knitting

10We ___ along the coast all evening yesterday.

Awas driving Bwere driving Cwere drive

11I ___ anything this time yesterday.

Awasn’t doing Bweren’t doing Cnot doing

12We ___ a snowman all morning yesterday.

Awere making Bwere make Cwas making

13Lucy ___ a bath at 9 o’clock yesterday.

Awere having Bwas have Cwas having

14When I last saw you, you ___ at university.

Awere studying Bwas studying Cstudying

15He __ for me when I came.

Awas wait Bwas waiting Cwere waiting

16Kelly was busy, so we ___ very long.

Awasn’t staying Bwasn’t stay Cweren’t staying

17Why ___ at you?

Awere that woman staring Bwas that woman

staring

Cwas that woman

stare

18I didn’t go to work yesterday. I ___ well.

Awasn’t be feel Bwasn’t feeling Cweren’t feeling

19When I met Tim in the shop, he ___ for a new computer.

Awas looking Bwere looking Cwas look

20Sally and Ann ___ in the park when it started raining.

Awas running Bwere run Cwere running

21When I got home, my sister ___ with a kitten.

Aplaying Bwas playing Cwere playing

22Where were you yesterday evening? I ___ my niece in hospital.

Awas visiting Bwas visit Cwere visiting

23Sue ___ outside the theatre when the performance began.

Awas to standing Bwas standing Cwere standing

24Tom and Liz were busy yesterday. They ___ their mom around the house.

Ahelping Bwas helping Cwere helping

25We ___ a New Year tree all morning yesterday.

Awere decorating Bwere to decorating Cwas decorating

Задание №2

Обратите внимание, когда мы используем настоящее длительное время, а когда настоящее простое время.

1. When I arrived, Tom (lie) on the sofa and (speak) over the phone.
lied, spoke
was liing, speaking
was liing, was speaking
was lying, was speaking

2. The police caught Dan when he (rob) a shop.
has robbed
was robing
was robbing
robed

3. He couldn’t speak because he (die) of laughtеr.
had died
were dying
was dying
was diing

4. - What you (do) between one and two? I phoned you several times. - I (play) the piano and heard nothing.
will you do, ’ll play
are you doing, am playing
were you doing, was playing
was you doing, was playing

5. When I got up that morning, the sun (shine) brightly and the birds (sing).
shone, sang
was shining, were singing
were shining, was singing

6. When you rang me yesterday, I (have) a bath.
were having
had
had had
was having

7. Somebody stole the money from Dad’s pocket while he (sleep).
slept
was sleeping
were sleeping

8. I (sit) by the window when I heard the noise.
was sitting
sat
sitted

9. It (rain) cats and dogs as I (walk) towards their house.
rained, was walking
rained, walked
were raining, was walking
was raining, was walking

10. Just as Tom (cross) the street, a car came round the corner.
crossed
were crossing
was crossing

11. I glanced at Mary who (still/ shiver) from the cold.
still was shivering
were still shivering
still shivered
was still shivering

12. At six o’clock I (wait) for Jennie at the station.
am waiting
will wait
wait

13. On coming up to the house I saw a man who (try) to unlock the door by force.
tried
was trying

14. The student (reply) to the question when the headmistress came in.
had replied
was replying
was repliing

15. I saw a light in your window as I (pass) by.
was passing
had passed
passed

16. 16. Liz’s elder brother said that he (go) to enter Leeds University.
will go
would go
was going

17. While my son (wait) for my call, somebody knocked at the door.
had waited
was waiting
waited

18. We (just/talk) about him when he suddenly (come) in.
were just talking, was coming
just were talking, came
were just talking, came

19. They (quarrel) while they (wash) their car.
quarreled, were washing
were quarelling, were washing
were quarreling, washed

20. Yesterday while Dad (shave), he (cut) himself slightly.
shaved, cut
was shaving, cut
was shaving, cutted

Конец формы