Exercise 2.Выберите подходящее слово или словосочетание.
Основы компьютерной грамотности
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ
к практическим занятиям по дисциплине
«Английский язык» для студентов 1 курса
факультета «Автоматики и вычислительной техники»
дневной формы обучения
Севастополь
УДК.629.123 + 656.61.052
Методические указания к практическим занятиям по дисциплине «Английский язык» для студентов 1 курса факультета «Автоматики и вычислительной техники» дневной формы обучения/ Сост. Е.В. Никитина. – Севастополь: Изд-во СевНТУ, 2008. - 60 с.
Методические указания предназначены для практических занятий студентов всех специальностей факультета «Автоматики и вычислительной техники» дневной формы обучения. В каждом уроке представлен текст, лексико-грамматические упражнения на закрепление материала урока и задания, коммуникативные навыки.
Методические указания утверждены на заседании кафедры Практики романских и германских языков (протокол № 2 от 29.09. 2008 г.).
Допущено учебно-методическим центром и научно-методическим Советом СевНТУ в качестве методических указаний.
Рецензент: Михайлова Е.В., канд.филолог.наук, доцент кафедры Практики романских и германских языков СевНТУ.
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Введение ……………………………………………………4
1. Lesson 1. Computers………………………………………5
2. Lesson 2. Computer System Architecture …………………9
3. Lesson 3. Hardware, Software and Firmware …………….15
4. Lesson 4. Central Processing Unit ………………………..19
5. Lesson 5. Advantage of Computer Data Processing ……...22
6. Lesson 6. Input and Output Environment …………………26
7. Lesson 7. Input and Output Devices ………………………31
8. Lesson 8. Control Unit …………………………………….37
9. Lesson 9. Personal Computer. …………………………….39
10. Lesson 10. Computer programming ……………………44
11. Lesson 11. Components of Desktop PCs ……………….47
12. Lesson 12. Class 2 Components ………………………..50
13. Lesson 13. Class 3 Components ……………………….52
14. Lesson 14. Revision ……………………………………56
Библиографический список ……………………………….59
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Данные методические указания предназначены для студентов 1-го курса всех специальностей факультета АВТ.
Основная цель методических указаний – совершенствовать приобретенные ранее знания студентов, расширить словарный запас и научить вести беседу по компьютерной тематике.
Методические указания состоят из 14 уроков, каждый из которых содержит текст, упражнения для закрепления грамматики и лексики соответствующего урока, а также творческие задания коммуникативной направленности. Лексический материал содержит как компьютерную терминологию, так и слова и словосочетания из общей лексики, которые студенты смогут использовать в разговоре на различные темы.
Методические указания рассчитаны на 162 академических часа.
LESSON I
Exercise 1.Прочитайте новые слова и словосочетания.
by means of - с помощью
in a few seconds - через несколько секунд
until - до тех пор, пока не
to take up - занимать
advantage - преимущество
to fulfil the task - выполнять задачу
Exercise 2.Следующие слова и словосочетания необходимо знать.
counting machine - вычислительная машина
special-purpose - специализированный
general-purpose - универсальный
arithmetic unit - арифметический блок
control unit (CU)- устройство управления
input device - устройство ввода
output devices - устройство вывода
peripheral - периферийное устройство
READ AND TRANSLATE THE TEXT
COMPUTERS
A computer is really a very specific kind of a counting machine. It can do arithmetic problems faster than any person alive. By means of electric processes it finds the answer to a very difficult and complicated problem in a few seconds.
A computer can "remember" information you give it. It keeps the information in its "memory" until you need it. There are different kinds of computers. Some can do only one job. There are special-purpose computers. Each specific problem requires a specific computer. One kind of computer helps us build a spaceship, another kind helps us navigate it. A special-purpose computer is built for this purpose alone and cannot do anything else.
But there are some computers that do many different jobs. They are called the general-purpose computers. There are the big "brains" that solve the most difficult problems of science. We used to think of a computer as a large machine that took up a whole room. But today computers are becoming smaller and smaller. Though these small devices are called microcomputers or minicomputers, they are still true computers.
The most important parts of the general-purpose computer are as follows: 1) memory, where information is kept; 2) an arithmetic unit for performing calculations, 3) a control unit for the correct order of operations; 4) input devices; 5) output devices for displaying the results of calculations. The input and output devices are called peripherals.
There are several advantages in making computers as small as one can. Sometimes weight is particularly important. A modern plane carries many heavy electronic apparatus. If it is possible to make any of them smaller, it can carry a bigger weight. But weight is not the only factor. The smaller the computer is, the faster it can work. The signals go to and for at a very high but almost constant speed.
Some of the first computer cost millions of dollars, but people quickly learned that it was cheaper to let a million dollar computer make the necessary calculations than to have a hundred clerks who try to do this by hand. Scientists found that computer made fewer mistakes and could fulfil the tasks much faster than almost any number of people by usual methods. The computers became popular. As their popularity grew the number of factories that produce them also grew.
... is built (to be built) – построен ... used to - привыкли
... are called (to be called) - называются ... performing - выполнение (вычислений)
... displaying the results - отображение результатов
If it is possible - Если возможно
Answer the following questions:
1.What is a computer?
2.What is the difference between special- and general-purpose computers?
3.What are the main parts of the general-purpose computer?
VOCABULARY EXERCISES
Exercise 1.Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:
Решать сложные проблемы, хранить информацию в своей памяти, блок управления, выполнять вычисления, почти постоянная скорость, специализированная и универсальная вычислительная машина.
Exercise 2.Выберите подходящее слово или словосочетание.
1. A computer is a kind of ______ (a typewriter, a table game, a counting machine)
2. We use computers to _______ (play games, solve problems, save money)
3. The text tells us about ______ (special-purpose computer, all-purpose
computer, calculators, general-purpose computers)
4. There are _____ main parts of a general-purpose computer. (many, five, ten, two)
5. The smaller the computer, the ______ it works.
(more effectively, slower, better, faster)
6. The purpose of output devices is to display _________ .
(nice pictures, diagrams, words, results of calculations)
7. Computers fulfil the tasks much ______ that people.
(cleverer, better, worse, faster)
Exercise 3.Не путайте!
By means of – с помощью, to mean – означать, значить, means – средства
Переведите предложения
1. These means control the computer operation. 2. The abbreviation PC means personal computer. 3. He checks the results by means of calculator.
Exercise 4.Не путайте!
Some–некоторые, несколько, немного, the same–тот же самый, одинаковый
Переведите предложения
1.Some examples of computer hardware are shown in Fig. 4. 2. The arrangement of letter keys on a keyboard is the same as on a typewriter. 3. Modern minicomputers can be more powerful than some of the mainframes still in use. 4. CD-ROM drives use the same technology as music CDs and CD players. 5. Multi-user software allows several users to access the same data at the same time. 6. In some banking systems, the customer keys in his identification number using the phone keys. 7. Ink-jet printers can print text with the same quality as laser printers. 8. Some people prefer command-driven menus. 9. DVDs look the same as CDs. 10. Commands for different software packages are rarely the same. 11. Sound can be annoying to some people so it is best to make sound an option. 12. The operating system takes care of the printing and the word processing at the same time.
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
Exercise 1.Разделите приведенные ниже слова на три группы, определяя по суффиксу часть речи - существительное, прилагательное или наречие. Переведите слова.
Organization, functional, available, equipment, processor, completely, architectural, converter, controller, removable, logical, addition, usually, operation, communication, operator, mainly, arithmetic, development, visible, electronic, necessary, computer, computation, generally, different.
Exercise II.Образуйте (и переведите) имена существительные от приведенных ниже глаголов с помощью суффиксов:
A. -er, -or
То control, to compute, to design, to use, to manufacture, to work, to simulate, to protect, to process, to deal, to perform, to examine, to program, to execute, to transmit, to convert, to print, to consume, to record.
B. -tion, -sion
To organize, to collect, to combine, to apply (ic), to represent, to add, to corporate, to transact, to compute, to produce, to operate, to execute, to protect, to substitute, to prepare, to invent, to decide, to eliminate, to communicate, to correct, to inform.
C. -ment
To require, to measure, to equip, to invest, to accomplish, to improve, to develop, to achieve, to displace, to govern, to move.
Exercise 3.Вспомните значение следующих прилагательных и преобразуйте их в сравнительную и превосходную степени.
A: small, fast, new, long, late, wide, young, easy, great, dull, rich, large, old, broad.
B: frequent, reliable, possible, basic, common, modern, dependent, general, necessary, successful, scientific.
C: good, bad, little, many, far.