Заполните таблицу предложениями из презентации так, как это показано в примере
| Part of the presentation | Phrases |
| Greet the audience |
|
| Introduce yourself |
|
| Introduce the topic |
|
| Set the rules |
|
| Tell a short personal story |
|
| Give a plan of the presentation |
|
| Come from one point to another |
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| Finish the presentation |
|
Прочитайте и переведите фразы, которые наиболее часто используются в презентациях. Дополните этими фразами таблицу из упражнения 9.
- As you probably know, my name is…
- Before I finish, let me go through the main points once again.
- First of all let me thank you for being here today.
- You know I was reading a newspaper the other day when I came across a very interesting fact.
- Now, I’ll be happy to answer any questions you may have.
- As you can see on the screen, our topic today is…
- I’ve mentioned the basic facts about the system of law and now it’s time to turn to the sources which as you may remember is the next point of my presentation.
- As you know, I’ve been asked to talk to you about…
- I appreciate you’ve found the time to come here.
- So, let me start by asking you a question.
- Are there any more questions?
- Thank you for your attention and you are welcome to ask questions.
- I’ll answer all your questions at the end of my presentation.
- If you look at the next slide you’ll see…
- Well, this brings me to the end of my presentation.
- That’s all about the sources and now let’s have a look at the next slide which presents….
- This leads me to my next point…
- So, to sum everything up, I’d like to remind you that…
- Please, feel free to interrupt me with your questions.
- It gives me great pleasure to speak about this problem today.
Самостоятельная работа. Выберите одну из наиболее интересных для вас отраслей российского права и подготовьте презентацию. Ниже приводится примерный план презентации.
Plan
- The sphere of application
- The main sources
- The most interesting facts or examples of interesting cases.
UNIT 6. SYSTEM OF LAW IN THE UK
TEXT 7
Прочитайте и переведите текст со словарем.
Active Vocabulary
Claim for injunction –требование судебного запрета
A defendant –обвиняемый, подсудимый, ответчик
A prosecutor –обвинитель, прокурор
A claimant –истец
To find smb. guilty –признать к-л виновным
To find smb. not guilty –признать к-л невиновным
To find smb. liable –признатьк-л подлежащим ответственности (в гражданском процессе)
To convict –осудить
To acquit –оправдать
To have a criminal record –иметь судимость
To charge smb. with a criminal offence –предъявить обвинение в совершении преступления
Judgement for the claimant –решение в пользу истца
Burden of proof –бремя доказывания
Standard of proof –критерий/степень доказанности
To prove guilt ‘beyond reasonable ground’ –доказать вину «вне всякого разумного сомнения»
To prove a case ‘on a balance of probabilities’ –доказать дело, основываясь «на соотношении вероятностей»
The study of law distinguishes between public law and private law, but in legal practice in the UK the distinction between civil law and criminal law is more important to practicing lawyers. Public law relates to the state and is concerned with laws which govern processes in local and national government conflicts between an individual and the state. Private law is concerned with the relationships between individuals and corporations, and includes family law, contract law, property law, etc.
Criminal law deals with certain forms of conduct for which the state reserves punishment, for example murder or theft. The state prosecutes the offender. Civil law concerns relationships between private persons, their rights and duties. It also deals with the conduct which may give rise to a claim by a legal person forcompensation or injunction. When it comes to prosecution under the laws of the country it’s common to speak about criminal offence but civil wrongs.
Criminal and civil proceedings are usually very different. In criminal proceeding a prosecutorprosecutes a defendant. If the verdict is “guilty”, the defendant is convicted. He will have a criminal record for the crime and will be punished by one of a variety of punishments ranging from life imprisonment to a fine, which is paid to a court. If the defendant is found “not guilty”, he is acquitted and allowed to leave court without punishment.
In civil cases a claimant sues a defendant or brings a claim against him. The proceeding may result in judgement for the claimant, which means that the defendant is found liable and the judge may order the defendant to pay damages.
The duty to prove a case is called the burden of proof. In criminal cases the burden of proof falls on the prosecution. In other words it’s the duty of the prosecution to prove quilt, the defendant doesn’t have to prove his innocence. This principle is called the presumption of innocence, which means that every person charged with a criminal offence is considered to be innocent until proven guilty.
The degree of proof which makes the court sure that the person is guilty is called the standard of proof. The standard of proof is higher in a criminal action than in a civil one since the penalties are stricter. In a criminal case a prosecution must prove the quilt of a criminal “beyond reasonable doubt”, which means that the prosecution must make the court sure that the defendant committed the crime. If the court is not sure or has a reason for the doubt, it must acquit.
In a civil action the burden of proof is on the claimant. He is required to prove his case “on a balance of probabilities”, i.e. to show that his case is more probable than not. But he doesn’t have to make the court sure about it; it’s enough to show that the defendant was probably guilty.
One and the same offence may sometimes result in both kinds of prosecution, civil and criminal. For example, the driver who injured a passer-by will not only face criminal penalties imposed by a criminal court but may have to pay compensation for injuries ordered by a civil court.