V. Complete the sentences

1. Engineering is often defined as …

2. Engineers design and make machines …

3. The engineer must combine many of the characteristics of …

4. Mechanical engineering is a discipline of engineering …

5. Engineers create …

VI. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Engineering is the profession in which knowledge of the mathematical or physical sciences gained by study, experience and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.

2. Engineers create tangible devices or systems such as computers, engines, and other products that perform a function.

3. Engineers may also be involved with the process of designing systems such as satellite communications systems and robotics control systems, or with the development of a practical solution to a meet human need.

4. Scientists also solve problems and may develop new products.

5. The development of an engineering system may require both the creative activity and mathematical modeling activities of engineers as well as the “hands on” work of technologists.

6. Mechanical engineering is a discipline of engineering that applies the principles of physics and materials science for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems.

7. It is the branch of engineering that involves the production and usage of heat and mechanical power for the design, production, and operation of machines and tools.

8. It is one of the oldest and broadest engineering disciplines.

9. The engineering field requires an understanding of core concepts including mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics, materials science, structural analysis, and electricity.

10. Mechanical engineers use these core principles along with tools like computer-aided engineering and product lifecycle management to design and analyze manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, heating and cooling systems, transport systems, aircraft, watercraft, robotics, medical devices, and others.

VII. Arrange the following words in pairs according to:

a) similar meaning:

to leave, to perform, to link, environment, connected, remote, to produce, to store, to enter, manner, particular, to use, similar, to differ, however, regardless of, to receive, to call, major, speed, to transfer, entirely, complex, motion, alike, to go out, related, nevertheless, to keep, to carry, movement, equipment, to manufacture, to name, velo-city, special, to connect, way, to vary, to accept, wholly, in spite of, to apply, far, to accomplish, to come in, main, sophisticated

b) opposite meaning:

input, to enter, external, independent, remote, similar, to receive, available, high, complex, moving, dependent, low-speed, to go out, stationary, internal, unlike, simple, unavailable, output, near, to give

VIII. Make up as many questions as possible on the basis of the following sentences.

1. The principal work of the engineer is design.

2. The engineer must combine many of the characteristics of the scientist, research engineer and technologist.

3. A modern engineer cannot do without knowledge in many fields other than those of engineering.

4. The engineer must have a scientific attitude, imagination, initiative and good judgement.

5. The engineering solution is optimum solution, taking into account many factors.

IX. Answer the following questions on the text.

1. Is engineering one of the most ancient occupations in history?

2. Whom do we call the forerunners of modern mechanical engineers?

3. Who were the ancestors of mining and metallurgical engineers?

4. What are the oldest branches of engineering?

5. What is the principal work of an engineer?

6. What characteristic features must the engineer combine?

7. Why did you decide to choose the profession of an engineer?