Break into put up with turned down face up to
1. She applied for the post but was ....
2. He is too young to ... such a heavy responsibility.
3. We are not prepared to ... her absenteeism any longer.
4. The financing manager wants to ... the meeting untill next week.
5. Our rival firm is trying to ... a new market.
6. We need to ... a solution soon.
7. How can the company ... spending?
8. The failure can be ... poor quality control.
ЗАДАНИЕ №10. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на субъектный инфинитивный оборот (Complex Subject).
Образец: TV time is said to be very expensive.
Говорят, что телевизионное время очень дорого.
1. The second goal of tourist promotion is known to increase the size of the
market.
2. Publicity and advertising are considered to be two main kinds of promo-
tion.
3. He is believed to have spent 5 years in Europe.
4. Brochures were supposed to have been mailed by travel agents.
5. What are they supposed to be doing?
ЗАДАНИЕ №11.Переведите текст на русский язык и выполните задания к нему.
Economics of Education
Education for young people has always been a leading social task. In all industrial societies young people from the age of 5 to 16 and sometimes older go to school. A lot of young adults then take jobs, but some - like you - go to college and a few more take advanced studies.
Education varies from country to country but it has the same economic characteristics in all countries. It improves skills which make people more productive. By means of education people are made stable members of society. Some teachers also do creative research which helps to improve technology. So education creates large economic values varying from technical productivity in factories and offices to progress of knowledge.
Various values of education are of two classes: private and social. Each student gets private benefits when he or she learns new skills which will allow them to get higher pay on the job. Besides, the job will probably be more pleasant and the person will cope with problems of modem life better.
There are also public benefits of education. First, it provides more productive workers for society, economy becomes more efficient and profitable. Without education many people do not cope with difficulties of life and tum to crime or require public support. Second, people understand social life better and they will deal with public problems more intelligently and avoid extremism. Third, greater productivity of population provides more taxes in order to pay for public needs.
The task of economics of education is to evaluate public and private benefits and make decisions how much a government is going to invest in every type of school and how the government is going to do it. As productivity and stability of population is mainly increased at school level, total public subsidies for schools are justified. For education at the college level, however, the public benefits are weaker than private benefits and full public subsidies are considered less justified than at the school level.
Education is being financed by subsidies or scholarships. Which of them are more effective is also a problem studied by economics of education.
Technologies are becoming more complex and demand for education as well as a number of qualified specialists will grow in future. With it, the role of economics of education and the scope of problems studied by it is growing in the years to come.
I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1. What are the characteristics of education which are the same in all
countries?
2. What is the role of education in social progress?
3. What are the private benefits of education?
4. What are the public benefits of education?
5. What is the task of economics of education?
6. Why are total subsidies for schools justified? What about subsidies for
colleges?
7. How is education financed?
8. Is economics of education going to become more important in the near
future? Why?
II. Вставьте слова в нужной форме: skill, creative, so, benefit, besides, task, scholarship, stable, stability, various, job, avoid.
1. A lot of university students get ... . ... , most of them work.
2. The growth of trade between the two countries is ....
3. What are the ... of the job?
4 .... of society is very important for fast economic growth.
5. I want to have a good ... , ... I chose economics as my profession.
6. There are .... Jobs on the labour market.
7. Not every man will cope with ... work.
8. The ... of this course is to improve your reading and speaking ... in
English.
9. Their task is ... any risk for their company.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 5
Грамматика
1. Употребление артикля с именами собственными (Articles with proper names).
2. Видовременные формы глагола в страдательном залоге (Simple, Continuous and Perfect Passive).
3. Видовременные формы глагола в действительном залоге (Simple, Continuous, Perfect and Perfect Continuous Active).
4. Причастие настоящего времени и причастие прошедшего времени (Present Participle and Past Participle).
5. Герундий (Gerund).
6. Сложное дополнение (Complex Object).
7. Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject).
8. Инфинитив (Infinitive).
ЗАДАНИЕ №1.Вставьте артикль там, где необходимо (Articles with proper names) и переведите предложения.
1. Next meeting of the partners will be held in …Europe, in …Alps.
2. Our C.E.O lives in …Downing street.
3. Our staff will be crossing …Atlantic Ocean tomorrow on board of our company’s plane!
4. Have your colleagues ever been to …Netherlands?
5. I’d like to show our new office manager from Moscow the most famous river in …Saint-Petersburg – …Neva.
6. The delegation from …Canada will arrive in …Belarus, at the hotel located on …Lake Naroch.
7. Our top-manager speaks … English and …German fluently.
8. The employees from our firm were invited to visit …Tower and …Big Ben.
ЗАДАНИЕ №2.Раскройте скобки, употребляя необходимую видовременную форму глагола в страдательном залоге (Passive Voice) и переведите предложения.
1. The letters (to bring) by the office manager and (to put) on the C.E.O.’s table.
2. This work (to carry out) at the moment by out sales manager who will stay in the office till 11 p.m.!
3. The contracts (to sign) by 2 p.m. tomorrow.
4. The interview (to finish) before I came to have a look at a new employee of our company.
5. Mr. Smith, the top-manager of my department (to invite) yesterday to attend the official dinner at the C.E.O’s.
6. The discussion of this deal (to interrupt) suddenly by the arrival of our partners last Wednesday.
7. I promise my colleagues that all the papers (to sign) next month.
8. Such documents (to receive) by our department every week!
ЗАДАНИЕ №3.Раскройте скобки, употребляя необходимую видовременную форму глагола в действительном залоге (Active Voice) и переведите предложения.
1. BIK company (to plan) to open a new branch in Stockholm in the nearest future.
2. The representatives of different fields of world economy (to gather) last weekend in Sochi to discuss the future development of the international project.
3. Scientists all over the world (to try) now to solve the problems connected with pollution.
4. The Coca-Cola trademark (to become) already famous outside the USA.
5. At the discussion last Monday, Mr. Jones (to suggest) an interesting innovation by the time I (to come).
6. The participants of the world tourism exhibition (to return) back only next Sunday.
7. The managers (to debate) on this issue since the early morning!
8. The transportation of the goods (to take place) tomorrow at 3 p.m.
ЗАДАНИЕ №4.Раскройте скобки, образовав необходимую форму причастия (Participle I, Participle II) и переведите предложения.
1. The documents (to lay) on the desk should be signed by the C.E.O.
2. Mr. Tim, the manager (to speak) with the secretary, is a newcomer at our company.
3. The results (to achieve) at the meeting are quite satisfied.
4. Our partner (to irritate) by the sudden change of the topic left the meeting.
5. The sponsors (to behave) impolitely were asked to leave the office.
6. The trust in my colleagues (to break) by their strange behavior had been my headache for a week.
7. The secretary (to receive) guests was a pretty woman, three staff managers were in love with!
8. The conference (to hold) in Saint-Petersburg will be repeated next year.
ЗАДАНИЕ №5.Переведите на русский языкфразы, содержащие герундий (Gerund)
A: My colleague from Sony Corp. is going to New York! As for me, I simply can’t stand visiting noisy cities like that!
B: But New York is wonderful. I’m fond of seeing skyscrapers, museums, historical monuments, and especially, famous Statue of Liberty!
A: Oh! I hate visiting museums – it’s not my cup of tea!
B: But it’s so exiting! I like listening to the sounds of New York – its traffic and lot’s of foreign languages…
A: The noise! I dislike visiting noisy cities!
B: Oh, come on! New York is a great melting pot of people from all over the world – it’s real fun to go there!
ЗАДАНИЕ №6.Замените придаточные предложения времени герундием с предлогом after (Gerund) и переведите фразы.
Образец: When she had bought everything she needed, she went home – After buying everything she needed, she went home.
1. After she took the documents to the office, she went to the department store to prepare for an upcoming reception of official guests.
2. When she had made a thorough study of the subject, he found that it was a great deal more important than he had thought at first.
3. After our partners had hesitated some minutes whether to sign the contract or not, they finally decided that they might change the price.
4. When she had graduated from Moscow High School of Economy she left the city and went to work in her native town.
5. When he had proved that his theory was correct, he started studying ways and means of improving the conditions of work in very deep coalmines.
ЗАДАНИЕ №7.Перепишите предложения, используя сложное дополнение вместо придаточных предложений (Complex Object) и переведите фразы.
Образец: I expect (know) that she will send me a letter – I expect (know) her to sendme a letter.
1. I know that our top manager is a just man.
2. I expect that your colleagues will understand your problem and help you to solve it.
3. I expected that our partners would behave quite differently.
4. I didn’t expect that my secretary would forget to send inquiry letters.
5. He knows that my professionalism is out of the question.
6. She expected that her director would let her take a day-off.
7. We all know that your uncle is an excellent manager.
ЗАДАНИЕ №8. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение (Complex Object).
1. Исполнительный директор заставил ее внимательно изучить контракт еще раз.
2. Она заставила секретаря вернуться в офис еще раз после работы.
3. Он заставил своего коллегу извиниться перед партнерами.
4. Дождь заставил всех покинуть официальный прием на террасе раньше, чем было запланировано.
5. Заставьте ее подписать договор: таких выгодных условий она нигде больше не найдет!
ЗАДАНИЕ №9.Переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject).
1. He is said to know all about the conflict between two sides!
2. He was said to have known the whole truth about that case.
3. He is supposed to be a very good financial director.
4. He is believed to be innocent of the crime that took place in our company.
5. The terrorist who attacked the department of Samsung Corp. in Las Vegas was announced to have been killed by his own bomb.
6. The exhibition of 19th cent. French art is expected to open by the end of next week specially for the French business people who came to participate in the International Economic Forum.
7. The President of Russia was reported to speak to the nation on television tonight.
ЗАДАНИЕ №10.Перефразируйте предложения, употребляя сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject) и переведите фразы.
Образец: We heard that a car stopped outside the door – A car was heard to stop outside the door.
1. Our C.E.O. considers the conditions of the contract to be quite reasonable.
2. It was announced that the Chinese partners were arriving next week.
3. It is expected that the meeting of two sides in Tokyo will be a success.
4. It is said that the book is popular with both old and young.
5. It is believed that the letter was written by an employee who was fired a week ago.
ЗАДАНИЕ №11.Переведите текст на русский язык и выполните задания к нему.
Globalization
Globalization is a recent trend. It has both advantages and disadvantages. That is why some people are in a favor of globalization, while others are against it. Those people who think that the global companies do more harm than good give a lot of reason for it.
Unless the government follows the policy of lowering taxes on for a global company it may move off to another country and move large sums of money out of the country. This may lead to big employment problems, increasing the number of people in need, the unemployed people, lowering people’s living standards and lowering welfare benefit. Thus a global company may prevent the government from controlling its welfare system. Besides it may hurt the ability of the government to improve profitability. And the last thing is that globalization creates cross-cultural problems everywhere.
In spite of the negative opinion about the process of globalization it is gathering its pace. In recent years more and more international companies have been influencing strongly on government’s actions and have started to rule the roost. Hence there should be some kinds of give and take between companies and governments. Otherwise there might be a dramatic flight of capital because of the addition of South Eastern countries to global labor market. On the one hand those countries are low wage and low cost centers. On the other hand they are able to provide skilled population and decent infrastructure that is basic facilities.
More and more corporations are taking control of foreign markets. That is why companies and firms have to do their affaires so that they compete in a global market. They have to deal with issue of increasing competition internationally. They always face the danger of their rivals taking out priority.
I dare to say we are just about to see global competition. Instead of being engrossed with competition governments and companies should conduct negotiation about managing combined actions properly.
I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1. Give the definition of globalization.
2. What are the advantages of globalization?
3. Name the disadvantages of this process?
4. What sides (positive or negative) dominate in your opinion?
5. What is the influence of globalization on business?
II. Напишите эссе (10-15 предложений) на тему «Движение антиглобалистов» (“The movement of antiglobalists”).
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 6
Грамматика
1. Множественное число имени существительного (Plural forms of Noun).
2. Местоимения (Pronouns).
3. Предлоги (Prepositions of time).
4. Much, many, (a) little, (a) few.
5. Согласование времен (Sequence of Tenses).
6. Причастие, герундий и отглагольное существительное (Non-finite forms of the Verb).
7. Условные предложения (Conditional sentences).
8. Сослагательное наклонение (Subjunctive Mood).
ЗАДАНИЕ №1.Поставьте следующие существительные во множественное число, если это возможно (Plural forms of Noun).
A man, a shelf, a goose, a mouse, an information, news, a sheep, an advise, a tooth, an airport, a deer, a theatre, a wolf, a child, a person, a secretary, a market, an Englishman, a foot, a leaf.
ЗАДАНИЕ №2.Вставьте some, any, no или оставьте пропуски незаполненными и переведите предложения.
1. There are … business talks today, so the secretaries can go home.
2. There is … caviar in the menu. As for me, I love it. Would our partner like … ?
3. Please, don’t offer our C.E.O. … whiskey. She doesn’t want … .
4. Can I have … milk in my tea? I don’t like it black, - said an English businessman.
5. There are … diagrams in the new business presentation.
6. Are there … newspapers on the manager’s table?
7. There are … letters for our top manager on the table.
8. Will there be … meetings next month?
9. Employees need … extra money for having work motivation.
10. Are there … mistakes in my resume? – Yes, there … .
ЗАДАНИЕ №3.Переведите на английский язык следующие пары слов (much, many, (a) little, (a) few).
1. немного денег
2. мало работы
3. немного веселья
4. мало света
5. немного удачи
6. несколько минут
7. мало людей
8. несколько дней
9. немного воды
10. много мяса
11. мало бумаги
12. много машин
13. много лет
14. мало места
ЗАДАНИЕ №4. Заполните пропуски соответствующими предлогами времени (Prepositions of time)и переведите текст.
… the summer last year, I think it was … August, my car kept breaking down. I bought it second hand. I went to the same garage that I’d bought it from. The car salesman said that it would take five days to get it fixed. This was … the Monday and we agreed that I would be back to pick it up … the Friday. So I went to pick the car up … the Friday – and I had to take time off work. I turned up … 9:30 in the morning. The salesman hadn’t arranged for any of the work to be done and he was on holiday … a week. So we agreed that the work would be done the following Tuesday. I dropped the car off … the Tuesday … 9:30 on the way to work. Fortunately, when I turned up the evening, all the repairs had been finished. Three weeks later, they had the cheap to send me a customer service evaluation questionnaire – and they wanted the answers … the end of the week!
ЗАДАНИЕ №5.Раскройте скобки, используя правило согласования времен (Sequence of Tenses) и переведите предложения.
1. I knew my colleagues (to wait) for me at the reception desk and I decided to hurry.
2. I didn’t know that you already (to sign) the contract.
3. I was afraid that the manager (not to be) able to conduct the negotiation and I (to fly) to help her.
4. He says that he (to know) the laws of the country.
5. Sari understood why Lanny, the top manager of Sony Inc., (not to come) the previous day.
6. She asked me whether I (to remember) the previous talks.
7. He understood that the policemen (to arrest) him for bribes.
8. He could not understand why people (not to want) to work at that plant anymore.
ЗАДАНИЕ №6.Расположите по порядку: а). Предложения, в которых ing-форма является причастием; б). Предложения, в которых ing-форма является герундием и переведите предложения (Non-Finite forms of the Verb).
1. Waiting for his partners, he was looking at the plane flying overhead.
2. Wishing to learn more about marketing, she decided to attend special business courses.
3. Just imagine his coming first in the office!
4. The employees were tired of working overtime.
5. Being frightened of being fired, he decided to work harder.
6. It is no use going to C.E.O. now.
7. Coming out of the garage our top manager was arrested for bribes.
8. My greatest pleasure is working with you in one team!
ЗАДАНИЕ №7.Расположите по порядку: а). Предложения, в которых ing-форма является герундием; б). Предложения, в которых ing-форма является отглагольным существительным и переведите предложения (Non-Finite forms of the Verb).
1. The singing of those beautiful folk songs impressed our Japanese partners.
2. Your having written is really no excuse for your not coming on the day fixed.
3. Such doings can hardly be explained.
4. The motor was carefully examined before starting.
5. I’m very pleased to meet you after hearing so much about you.
6. Your contract wants reviewing.
7. I will look forward to seeing you again.
8. The building of this house will cost much money.
ЗАДАНИЕ №8.Раскройте скобки, употребляя необходимую форму глагола и переведите диалог (Conditional sentences).
Bella Ford: If we (to buy) more than 500 cases of the Reserve, what discount can you offer us?
Pierre Hemard: On 500, nothing. But if you buy 1000 cases, we (to offer) 15%.
B.F.: Let me think about that. Now, if I (to place) an order for 1000, will you be able to dispatch immediately?
P.H.: I don’t know about immediately, but certainly this month.
B.F.: Well, if you get it to us before the Christmas rush, it (to be) O’K. I take it your prices include insurance?
P.H.: Actually, no. You’d be responsible for that. If you (can) increase your order, then we’d be willing to cover insurance as well.
B.F.: I’ll need to do some calculations.
P.H.: Let’s look at methods of payment. Since we’ve not dealt with you before, we’d like to be paid by banker’s draft.
B.F.: Well, this is a large order. We’ve done business with many well-known wine producers and we’ve always paid by letter of credit.
P.H.: O’K. If we (to agree) to you paying by letter of credit, then you’ll have to pay us within 30 days.
B.F.: That should be fine.
ЗАДАНИЕ №9.Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в требующейся форме (Subjunctive Mood)и переведите предложения.
1. If you (to give) me your correct address, I would have sent you a copy of this document earlier.
2. If she (not to be) so absent-minded, she wouldn’t have lost that job.
3. If you were not so careless about your health, you (to miss) working days so often!
4. If he (to work) hard, he would have achieved great progress.
5. I (to do) this task long ago, if you had not disturbed me!
6. If John (not to get) so much coaching, he would not take such a high position.
7. If she spoke English every day, she (to improve) her language skills.
8. If only my boss had let me know, I (to do) it immediately.
ЗАДАНИЕ №10.Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующиеся формы сослагательного наклонения после I wish (Subjunctive Mood)и переведите предложения.
1. I wish I (to pass) my driving-test last Monday!
2. My chief wishes I (to achieve) higher goals.
3. The C.E.O. wishes his employees (to dress) the part.
4. The partners wish they (to sign) the contract.
5. I wish I (not to drink) so much alcohol during negotiation.
6. I wish I never (to suggest) this project!
7. He wishes he (to make) a success.
8. I wish I (not to send) my CV to that company!
ЗАДАНИЕ №11.Переведите текст на русский язык и выполните задания к нему.
The Brand
The brand name means not only the trademark but also, as a rule, the firm itself and its product or services. This name also includes the goodwill which shows additional value of goods and services. Consumers trust those trademarks which guarantee them good quality and design, a wide range of choice and good reputation (prestige) of the products. When the product is promoted different kind of advertising provide brand awareness, show its core value and create the brand image.
The most popular brand leaders of the XX century (such as Coca-Cola, дColgate, Disney, Heineken, and Wrigley) are the brands of consumer goods. However, there are also high prestige brands (luxury brands) such as Armani and Porsche.
In the XX century they learned in industry to produce consumer goods at the same high quality level as those which were available earlier only to rich people. As a result, most people could not differ a very rich person from just a rich one, and the rich one from the well-to-do one according to their clothes. And then the idea appeared that prestigious clothes should differ from mass-production clothes not only in its quality but also in its price. A problem came up: how to make the price recognizable in the design? A simple solution was found: the firm’s label was removed from the inside of clothes, where only its owner could see it, to the outside. Together with this, there started the promotion campaign of brands, which became the symbol of high prices.
Of course, people buying products in expensive shops would never admit that they pay two or three times more only for the brand which shows that the thing is expensive (that this is an up market product). They refer to the quality of the thing. But a person buying sneakers for 150-200 dollars will not wear them forever. Well-to-do people in the USA change cars every 5 or 6 years after they bought them. They pay for the prestige of the model and part of such a purchase is its regular renewal.
When the new marketing strategy appeared, a number of critics declared that nobody would pay 60 dollars for jeans with the label “Wrangles” when similar jeans can be bought for 12 dollars. However, a lot of examples show that products with a well-promoted brand are selling well at a high price. We have also heard about the cases of counterfeiting when lower quality copy-cat products (products copying the trademark of famous firms) are sold. Such actions decrease the profit and damage the image of famous producing firms.
I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1. Give a definition of the term “brand”.
2. Why was the label removed from inside to outside?
3. What kinds of brands can you name?
4. What is a copy-cat product?
5. Think of 5 national and international brands?
III. Найдите информацию о наиболее популярном на сегодняшний день бренде и в письменной форме укажите причины его успеха (10-15 предложений).
Рекомендуемая литература
1. Глушенкова Е.В. «Элементарный Английский для экономистов». – М.: «Астрель-АСТ», 2006
2. Иващенко И.А. «Английский язык для сферы туризма». – М.: Изд-во «Флинта», 2006
3. Любимцева С.Н. «Английский для студентов финансово-экономических специальностей ВУЗов». – М.: «Высшая школа», 2006
4. Некрасова Е.В. «English грамматика». – М.: «Эксмо», 2006
5. Солошкина К.А. «Mordern English Grammar Practice». – СПб.: «Anthology», 2006