Task 12. Express the following idea in one term

a) A large building where people are kept as a punishment after being found guilty of a crime.

b) The system allowing certain law-breakers not to go to prison, if they behave well and report regularly.

c) The letting out of prisoners before the official period of their imprisonment has ended, on condition that they behave well.

d) A reward or payment (for trouble, loss, inconvenience, etc.)

e) An order given by a judge which fixes a punishment for a criminal declared to be guilty in court.

f) The official decision made by a jury in a court of law at the end of a trial about whether the person is guilty or not guilty.

g) An amount of money paid as punishment.

h) Facts that might excuse a person’s bad behavior.

i) Money left with a court of law so that a prisoner can be set free until he/she is tried.

Task 13. Complete the following text with the words or phrases from the box, using them in the appropriate form.

wrongdoer; deterrent; law-abiding;

misdeeds; reform; crime doesn't pay;

barbaric; retribution; corporal punishment;

humane; rehabilitate; death penalty.

What is the purpose of punishment? One purpose is obviously to (a) __ the offender, to correct the offender's moral attitudes and anti-social behaviour and to (b)__ him or her, which means to assist the offender to return to normal life as a useful member of the community. Punishment can also be seen as a (c) __ because it warns other people of what will happen if they are tempted to break the law and so prevents them from doing so. However, a third purpose of punishment lies, perhaps, in society's desire for (d) __, which basically means revenge. In other words, don't we feel that a (e) __should suffer for his (f)__? The form of punishment should also be considered. On the one hand, some believe that we should "make the punishment fit the crime". Those who steal from others should be deprived of their own property to ensure that criminals are left in no doubt that (g) ___. For those who attack others (h) __ should be used. Murderers should be subject to the principle "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth" and automatically receive the (i) __. On the other hand, it is said that such views are unreasonable, cruel and (j)__ and that we should show a more (k)__ attitude to punishment and try to understand why a person commits a crime and how society has failed to enable him to live a respectable, (1)__ life.

Task 14. Go through the list of offences and decide which are major and which are minor. Then look at the forms of punishment and decide which is appropriate for each offence. Write sentences as in the example.

Offences

1murder 8stealing sweets

2hijacking an aircraft9making noise late at night

3kidnapping 10being on a bus without a

4litteringticket

5writing graffiti on11violent behaviour in a

a public building football stadium

6stealing a car12toxic waste pollution

7pickpocketing

Punishment

to be sentenced to life imprisonment, to be sent to prison, to be fined a large / small amount of money, to be given a suspended sentence, to do community service, to be given a warning

e.g. Murder is a major offence. I think that someone who murders somebody should be sentenced to life imprisonment.

Task 15. Fill in with: accused, evidence, convicted, sentenced, tried, arrested, guilty, put, suspected.

The police had 1)……… Paul Williams for months, and when they finally gathered some real 2)…...... against him he was 3)……… by the police and 4)………of trafficking in drugs. A few weeks later he was 5)……… for the crime. The jury were quickly convinced that he was 6)……… of drug-trafficking, so he was 7)……… of the crime and 8)……… to ten years in prison. The police were satisfied they had managed to 9)……… such a dangerous criminal behind bars.

Task 16. Work in pairs and discuss:

1. Which punishment do you think is appropriate for each of the following crimes?

a) murder of a policeman; d) robbing a supermarket with a gun;

b) vandalizing a telephone box; e) stealing goods from a shop;

c) drinking and driving; f) parking a car illigally.

2. Match these actual sentences from British courts with the above mentioned crimes.

a) 5 to 10 years in prison; d) a £400 fine;

b) a small fixed penalty fine; e) a £200 fine disqualification from driving;

c) life imprisonment; f) 100 hours of community service.

Task 17. Prepare a 3-minute talk on the topic «Penalties». Focus on the following points:

· the purpose(s) of punishment;

· types of penalties;