Match the English words to their Russian equivalents.
| 1. trial | a. обвинение |
| 2. jury | b. суд присяжных |
| 3. prosecution | c. защита |
| 4. parties | d. зал судебных заседаний |
| 5. evidence | e. доказательство |
| 6. valid | f. старшина присяжных |
| 7. instructions | g. пристав |
| 8. foreman | h. стороны (судебного разбирательства) |
| 9. bailiff | i. юридически действительный |
| 10. courtroom | j. судебное разбирательство |
| 11. defence | k. напутствие судьи присяжным |
Exercise 5
a) Match the English word combinations to their Russian equivalents.
| 1. to make objections to | a. давать свидетельские показания в суде |
| 2. to sustain the objection | b. представлять доказательства |
| 3. to overrule the objection | c. удаляться в комнату присяжных |
| 4. to testify at trial | d. отклонять возражение |
| 5. to present evidence | e. напутствовать присяжных |
| 6. to instruct the jury | f. принимать возражение |
| 7. to retire to the jury room | g. освободить присяжных от рассмотрения дела |
| 8. to discharge the jury from the case | h. заявить возражение |
b) Use some of the word combinations from the box and make 5 sentences to describe the trial procedure.
Exercise 6
a) Match the words or word-combinations to their explanations.
| 1. lawyers | a. to have a legal right |
| 2. to prove | b. barristers or solicitors |
| 3. parties | c. to give evidence in court |
| 4. to be entitled | d. to establish the truth |
| 5. to testify | e. the information used in court to prove something |
| 6. evidence | f. legally acceptable |
| 7. valid | g. directions to a jury |
| 8. instructions | h. people involved in a litigation |
b) Fill in the gaps with the words from exercise 6 a).
1. He could not …… against his own wife.
2. The …….. against him was purely circumstantial.
3. The court decision may not satisfy either……
4. Prosecution and defense …….are expected to deliver closing arguments next week.
Text
What happens during the trial
Pre-reading task: Read the text and match the paragraphs with their headings.
1. Presentation of evidence
2. The instructions
3. Opening statements
4. Jury deliberation.
5. Closing arguments
The usual order of the events of the trial is the following:
Step 1. Selection of the jury.
Step 2. (1) ……….. The lawyers for each side discuss their views of the case and present a general picture of what they intend to proveabout thecase.
Step 3……(2)…….. . All parties are entitled to present evidence. The testimony of witnesseswho testifyat trial is evidence. Evidence may also take the form of physical exhibits, such as a gun or a photograph.
During thetrial the lawyers may make objections to evidence presented by the other side or to questions asked by the other lawyer. If the objection is valid, the judge sustains the objection. If the objection is not valid, the judge overrules the objection. These rulingsdo not reflect the judge’s opinion of the case.
The duty of the jury is to decide the importance of evidenceor testimonyallowed by the judge.
Step 4… (3)……….. The judge instructs the juryon the laws that are to guide the juryin their deliberations on a verdict.
Step 5……(4)………. The lawyers in the closing arguments summarize the case from their point of view. They discuss the evidence or comment on the credibility of the witnesses.
Step 6…(5)……… The jury retires to the jury room and elects the foreman. When averdict has been reached, the foreman signs it and informs the bailiff. The jury returns to the courtroom and the foreman presents the verdict. The judge discharges the jury from the case and pronounces the sentence.
Exercise 7
Find the derivatives of these words in the text.
to defend, to prosecute, to deliberate, to object, to present, to select, credible
Exercise 8
Find words in the text which mean the following.
1.a legal action, especially one to be decided in a court of law
2.a formal meeting in a law court, at which a judge and jury listen to evidence and decide whether a person is guilty of a crime
3.a formal written or spoken statement, especially one given in a court of law
4.an official decision made by a judge or court
5.the group of people who have been chosen from the general public to listen to the facts about a crime and to decide whether the person accused is guilty or not
6.formal discussions of the jury verdict
7.the decision that is given by the jury at the end of a trial
8.a person giving testimony to a court of law
9.a person who presides over a jury and speaks on its behalf
10.the punishment that a person receives after he/she has been found guilty of a crime.
Exercise 9