The United States of America. The Vologda State Technical University

The Vologda State Technical University

The VSTU was founded in January 1965 as a branch of the North-Western Extra-Mural Polytechnic Institute. 10 years later it became independent and in 1999 it was given the rank of University. Now it is one of the largest in the area. At present the total student population is about 10 000 students. Since its first intake more than 20 000 engineers, economists and civil engineers have graduated from the University. New specialties have been established here such as managers, ecologists, architects. The University's 36 departments have over 400 academic staff. The University has extensive research capabilities and a flourishing research program. All-Russian and international scientific conferences are held here.

The Vologda University is housed in 6 buildings. It has science laboratories and equipment, a computer center, and study facilities. Some of the lecture theatersare equipped with television sets. There is also a library and three reading halls. The library is well-stocked. Apart from scientific and specialist's collection it contains a collection of fiction.

Sports facilities are - a sports center with a training room, a gym, a multi-purpose sports hall, and an outdoor stadium with tracks and playing fields.

The University also has a health center in the city and a recreation camp in the countryside. Here facilities for sports and recreation are comprehensive.

The Technical University has 6 Faculties:

- Power Engineering;

- Civil Engineering;

- The Faculty of Ecological Engineering;

- The Faculty of Management and Economics;

-The Faculty of Industrial Management.

- The Humanities Faculty

The University provides training for industry and commerce in different fields.

A valuable contribution is made by the Faculty for Evening and Correspondence Students. I am a correspondence student of the VSTU. My specialty is connected with Management in economics. In 6 years of study I will graduate from the University as an engineer.

1. a branch- филиал, отделение

2. extra- mural- заочный

3. to give the rank-присваивать статус

4. an intake- прием, набор

5. a department- кафедра

6. an academic staff- состав преподавателей

7. research capabilities- возможности для исследований

8. flourishing-процветающий

9. to be housed- размещаться

10. study facilities- возможности для обучения

11. a lecture theatre- аудитория

12. to equip- оборудовать

13. to stock- снабжать

14. fiction- художественная литература

15. multi- purpose- многоцелевой

16. a track-беговая дорожка

17. a recreation camp- лагерь для отдыха

18. comprehensive-всесторонний

19. correspondence students- студенты заочного отделения

20. training- обучение

21. a contribution- вклад

Great Britain

The official name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. There are four different countries in the United Kingdom: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The first three parts make up Great Britain. The total area of the UKis about 244,000 square miles.

The United Kingdom is populated by 56 million people.

The state system of the country may be defined as a constitutional monarchy. English Kings and Queens reign but do not rule. The supreme legislative authority is Parliament consisting of two chambers - the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Peers in the House of Lords are not elected by voters. Their seats in the chamber are hereditary. The House of Commons is an elected assembly.

There are three main political parties in Britain: the Labor, Conservative and Liberal party.

Britain is a highly developed industrial country. Its main industries are: coal-mining, machinery, textiles and clothing, shipbuilding, vehicles, metal manufacture, electronics, chemicals, etc. The main industrial centers are: London, Glasgow, Birmingham, Manchester, Sheffield, Leeds, Newcastle, and Liverpool.

English agriculture is also a highly developed industry, but Britain has to import grain, meat, wine, fruit and other foodstuff.

The capital of Great Britain is London. It stands on the Thames. London is the main industrial, economic, cultural center in Britain. There are many wonderful sights in the city, such as the Tower, the Buckingham Palace, the Victoria and Albert Museum, Trafalgar Square etc.

1.define - определять, давать определение (as)

2.reign - царствовать

3.elect - избирать (голосованием)

4.hereditary – наследственный

5.coal-mining — угольная промышленность

6.vehicle – автомобиль

7.metal manufacture - металлургия; металлургическая промышленность

8.grain – зерно

The United States of America

The United States of America is one of the largest countries in the world. The total area is over 9 million square km. The country borders on Canada in the north and on Mexico in the south.

The country is washed by 3 oceans: The Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. The country has many Lakes, including the Great Lakes and many rivers, the longest of which is the Mississippi. The climate conditions are rather different. The country is rich in natural and mineral resources: oil, gas, coal and various metals.

The country population is over 250 million people. The official language of the state is English. The national symbol of the USA is the national flag «Stars and Stripes» (having 50 stars and 13 stripes on its field).

Officially the country comprises 50 states and 1 district — Columbia. Each state has its own capital. The capital of the USA is Washington. There are many large cities in the country: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Boston and others.

According to the Constitution, the powers of the US government are divided into 3 branches: legislative, executiveand judicial. The legislative power belongs to the Congress consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The executive power belongs to the President and his Administration. The judicial power belongs to the Supreme Court and the system of federal courts.

The USA is a highly developed industrial and agricultural country. The main industrial branches are aircraft, automobile, electronics, radio-engineering and others. Nowadays the USA is one of the leading powers of the world due to its economic, political and military influence.

state — государство, штат, состояние

to border on— граничить с

to divide — делить

climate conditions — климатические условия

branch — отрасль, ветвь

stars and stripes — звезды и полосы

legislative — законодательный

executive — исполнительный

judicial — судебный

powers – полномочия, власть

to belong — принадлежать

the Senate — Сенат

House of Representatives — палата представителей

The Supreme Court — Верховный суд

influence — влияние

Russia

Russia is the largest country in the world. Its total area is over 17 million square kilometres. Our land is washed by 12 seas. In the south and in the west the country borders on 14 states.

The country has a great variety of flora and fauna. There are many forests, plains and steppes, taiga and tundra, highlands and deserts in our land. The highest mountains are the Altai, the Urals. There are over 2 mln. rivers in the Russian Federation. The longest of them are the Volga, the Yenisei, the Lena, the Amur. Our land is also rich in various lakes. Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.

The climate differs from arctic and mild — to continental and subtropical. Our country is rich in natural resources: oil, natural gas, coal and other minerals. It is one of the highly developed agro-industrial powers in the world. The main industrial branches are: machine-building, aircraft, aerospace, automobile, chemical and others.

The Russian Federation is a multinational state. It comprises many national districts, several autonomous republics and regions. The population of the country is about 150 mln.

The Russian Federation is a constitutional state headed by the President. The country government consists of 3 branches: legislative, executive and judicial.

The legislative power belongs to the Council of Federation and the State Duma.

The executive power belongs to the Government (the Cabinet of Ministers) headed by the Prime Minister.

The judicial power belongs to the system of Courts: the Constitutional, the Supreme and federal courts.

Our country has a multiparty system.

Moscow is the capital of our Motherland. Its population is over 10 mln people. It is the main political, scientific, cultural and industrial center of the country.

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