ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ СПРАВОЧНИК. UNIT 1 Language notes: PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE, PRESENT CONTINIOUS TENSE

UNIT 1 Language notes: PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE, PRESENT CONTINIOUS TENSE

We use the present simple for things we do regularly, always, sometimes, every day, etc.

We use the present simple:

· to give factual information (about company activities): Coach outsources all its products.

· to talk about routine activities: We always buy ABB Group equipment. What about your company?

The question, short answer and negative are made with the present tense of “to do”.

POSITIVE	QUESTION	SHORT ANSWER	NEGATIVE
I/you /we/they work in Mancheter. He/she/it goes through here every day.	Does he work? Where do you work? Do they work here?	Yes, he does/No, he doesn’t. Yes, they do/No, they don’t.	I don’t work. (I do not work) He doesn’t work. (He does not work)

We use the present continuous:

· to talk about things which are happening while we are talking.

· to talk about ongoing situations and projects: Sanyo is now reactingto this demand.

· To talk about temporary situations: We are testing a new pallet at the moment.

The forms of this tense are made with the verb “to be” + participle (-ing).

POSITIVE	QUESTION	SHORT ANSWER	NEGATIVE
I am typing (I’m typing) You are eating He/she s going We are writing They are meeting	Is she talking? You’re coming, aren’t you? Where are you going?	Yes, she is/No, she isn’t (No, she’s not) Yes, I am (No, I’m not)	I am not typing (I’m not) You are not eating (You aren’t) (He’s not /He isn’t) (We’re not/We aren’t) (They’re not/They aren’t)

UNIT 2 Language notes: PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE AND TIME

Prepositions are a class of words which express relationship.

Prepositions of place are a grammatically distinct class of words whose most central members characteristically express spatial relations (such as the words at, in, on, under, through, from, to) or serve to mark various syntactic functions and semantic roles (such as the English words of, for, with).

In general, we use:

at for a POINT

in for an ENCLOSED SPACE

onfor a SURFACE

Examples:

Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop.

The shop is at the end of the street.

My plane stopped at Dubai and Hanoi and arrived in Bangkok two hours late.

When will you arrive at the office?

Do you work in an office?

I have a meeting in New York.

Do you live in Japan?