Ex. 10. Put the verbs in brackets into the required form of the Active Voice.
1. The train (to leave – Present Simple) in half an hour and you aren’t ready yet.
2. The first steam locomotives (to be– PastSimple) not strong and they often (to break – PastSimple) down.
3. The train (to cover – FutureSimple) the distance from Moscow to St. Petersburg in 3 hours if it (to move – PresentSimple) at a speed of 250 kmh.
4. After the war, the government (to grant – PastSimple) great sums of money to renew the equipment and the roadbed (земляное полотно) of all the railways.
5. Many railway lines in England (to radiate – PresentSimple) from London.
6. The Flying Scotsman (to be– PresentSimple) an express passenger train that (to run – PresentSimple) between London and Edinburgh.
7. The Japanese Railways (to begin – PastSimple) testing the new high-speed train for the famous Tokaido Line.
8. Russian Railways (to be – PresentSimple) one of the world’s biggest railway companies. It (to employ – PresentSimple) 1.2 million people and (to handle – PresentSimple) 80% of all passenger transportation and 82% of all freight in Russia.
9. In 1808, Richard Trevithick (to build– PastSimple) a circular railway in London’s Torrington Square. Steam carriage "Catch Me Who Can" (to weigh– PastSimple) 10 tons and (to move– PastSimple) at a speed of 15 mph.
10. If he (to leave – PresentSimple) for London by train, he (to get – FutureSimple) there on Friday.
Ex. 11. Read the text, using the verbs in brackets in the required tense form of the Active Voice. Put 5 special questions to the text.
Train Model
One of Moscow designers1 (to make – Present Simple) micro models of different vehicles. This (to be – PresentSimple) his hobby. His first model (to be – PastSimple) a plane. Its weight (to be – PastSimple) 0.35 gr. It (to work – PastSimple) and (to make – PastSimple) several circuits in the air.
In the last 10 years, he (to construct – PastSimple) eight unique working micro models. He (to make – PastSimple) them of wood with the help of a knife.
His collection (to include –PresentSimple) a little locomotive and a car – 13 cm and 18 cm long respectively. The locomotive (to consist – PresentSimple) of 2,566 separate parts and the car – of 1,035. It (to take – PastSimple) him four months to study the locomotive design and fifteen months to build this model.
The locomotive and the car (to work – PresentSimple) like full-size models. There (to be – PresentSimple) even a whistle2 1 mm long. You can control the whole operation from the locomotive.
Notes: 1designer – конструктор;
2whistle – гудок.
Ex. 12. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the tense/voice form of the verbs. Put general questions and give short answers.
1. About 75 % of the railroads in Latin America are concentrated in Argentina, southern and eastern Brazil, and Mexico.
2. The first Russian steam locomotive was built and tested in Nizhni Tagil.
3. The new railway will be 100 km long. It will be used for freight traffic only.
4. The first passenger cars were lighted by candles. Later, candles were replaced by oil and gas lamps. Nowadays electricity is used for lighting and heating passenger carriages.
5. When inactive, locomotives are housed in a train depot.
6. Heathrow (Britain’s largestinternational airport) is linked with the capital by the Underground railway.
7. After the test runs, the new loco will be used for hauling heavy iron-ore trains.
8. On the first railways, sleepers (шпалы) were laid down along the track; nowadays sleepers are laid down transversely.
9. Freight trains are loaded and unloaded in freight yards by using cranes.
10. The 1927 electric locomotive was newly restored in 1984.
Ex. 13. Put special questions. Begin with the question-words in brackets.
1. The first steel rails were made and laid in Derby in 1857. (When)
2. Tomorrow, the movement of trains on that section of the line will be stopped because of the track repair. (Why)
3. The number of passengers is usually increased in summertime. (When)
4. The first underground system was proposed by Charles Pearson in 1843. (Whom)
5. The old railway terminal will be upgraded next year. (When)
6. The Trans-Siberian Railway is divided into six railways in the Ural, Siberia, and the Far East. (How many)
7. The system of automatic ticket selling was developed in Japan. (Where)
8. This car will be coupled (прицеплять) to train No 15 going to the Far East. (What train)
9. The old London Bridge over the Thames River was constructed by monks (монахи) in 1209. (Whom)
10. In Canada and the United States, long freight trains are hauled by three, four, or even five locomotives. (How many)