VIII. Retell the information of the text “Crane”.
TEXT II
Overhead Crane
Fig.9
I. Read and translate the text using the words given below:
Overhead crane (fig.9) is used in typical machine shop. The hoist is operated via a wired pushbutton station to move system and the load in any direction.
An overhead crane, also known as a bridge crane, is a type of crane where the hook-and-line mechanism runs along a horizontal beam that itself runs along two widely separated rails. Often it is in a long factory building and runs along rails along the building's two long walls. It is similar to a gantry crane. Overhead cranes typically consist of either a single beam or a double beam construction. These can be built using typical steel beams or a more complex box girder type. Pictured on the right is a single bridge box girder crane with the hoist and system operated with a control pendant. Double girder bridge are more typical when needing heavier capacity systems from 10 tons and above. The advantage of the box girder type configuration results in a system that has a lower deadweight yet a stronger overall system integrity. Also included would be a hoist to lift the items, the bridge, which spans the area covered by the crane, and a trolley to move along the bridge.
The most common overhead crane use is in the steel industry. At every step of the manufacturing process, until it leaves a factory as a finished product, steel is handled by an overhead crane. Raw materials are poured into a furnace by crane, hot steel is stored for cooling by an overhead crane, the finished coils are lifted and loaded onto trucks and trains by overhead crane, and the fabricator or stamper uses an overhead crane to handle the steel in his factory. The automobile industry uses overhead cranes for handling of raw materials. Smaller workstation cranes handle lighter loads in a work-area, such as CNC mill or saw.
Almost all paper mills use bridge cranes for regular maintenance requiring removal of heavy press rolls and other equipment. The bridge cranes are used in the initial construction of paper machines because they facilitate installation of the heavy cast iron paper drying drums and other massive equipment, some weighing as much as 70 tons.
In many instances the cost of a bridge crane can be largely offset with savings from not renting mobile cranes in the construction of a facility that uses a lot of heavy process equipment.
II. Learn the vocabulary to the text:
overhead crane – мостовой кран
machine shop – цех
the hoist – подъемник (мостовой кран, лебёдка)
rails – рельсы
factory – завод
gantry crane – козловой кран
beam – пучок
girder -балка
box girder – балка коробчатого сечения
pendant – подвеска
capacity – мощность
deadweight – грузоподъёмность
trolley – тележка
raw – сырьё
furnace – печь
coil – катушка
lift – поднимать
load – загружать
truck – грузовик
stamper – штамп
paper mill – бумажная фабрика
CNC (ComputerNumericControl) - компьютерное числовое управление
maintenance – техническое обслуживание
roll – рулон
largely off set – компенсировано в значительной степени
savings – экономия
renting – аренда
mobile crane – автокран
III. Give the English equivalents to the following word combinations:
рулон, штамповщик, подвеска, бумажная фабрика, компенсировано в значительной степени, автокран, козловой кран, тележка, мостовой кран, машинный цех, сырье, подъемник, подъемный механизм, лебедка, техническое обслуживание, портальный кран, рельсы, герметичность, балка, завод, мощность, грузоподъемность, загружать, компьютерное числовое управление, мертвый груз, мертвый вес, целостность, аренда, грузовик, в основном компенсируется, первоначальный, способствовать, экономия.
IV. While translating the following sentences point out the Gerund, define its tense, voice and function:
1. Would you please stop writing to us at this address?
2. What is the result of melting two metals together?
3. We can start welding by touching the weld with electrode tip.
4. Please, excuse me for waiting too long.
5. The process can go faster due to raising the temperature.
6. Some time was lost because of necessary preparing.
7. Poor heat treatment is responsible for breaking of the parts.
8. We are interested in buying these goods.
9. They insisted on being sent the results of machine tests.
10. What is the purpose of this going there?
11. I am grateful for his helping me. I am grateful for his having helped me.
12. We inform you of the tests being successfully done.
13. We thank you for sending us your letter.
14. The method of steel hardening depends on the properties we want to get.
15. We can start testing the materials as soon as we receive them.
16. We can locate the growing of the inner crack by ultrasound control.
17.Upon reviewing the records of tests we could find the reason of failure.
V. Translate the following sentences into Russian:
1. The lathe is considered to be the most important machine tool
2. The milling machine appears to be the most universal machine tool
3. Tungsten is believed to be the most heat resistant metal.
4. He was seen to come to work early
5. You are supposes to be able to read English texts without a dictionary
6. The carbon content in steel is assumed not to exceed standard values
VI. Open the brackets using the right form of the Infinitive:
1. He made me (do) it all over again.
2. Her father made her (learn) the lessons.
3. If you want us (make) the work quickly you should
4. Would you like me (read) now?
5. They won't let us (leave) the classroom till our control work has been checked.
6. He wouldn’t let the children (play) in his study.
7. Please let me (know) the results of you exam as soon as possible.
8. He made us (wait) for two hours.
9. I let him (go) early as he had done his task.
10. I'd like him (enter) the university but I can’t make him (do) it.
11. I want her (learn) English.
12. I heard the door (open) and saw my friend ( come) into the room.
13. I heard her (play) the piano.
14. I saw him (go out) of the house.
15. The teacher advised us (use) dictionaries.
16. Her Father doesn’t allow team (win) next game.
17. We expect our basketball team (win) next game.
18. We don’t want you (tell) anything.
19. I saw them ( open) the window.
20.That is too difficult for you to do, let me (help) you
VII. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the Subjective Infinitive construction (Complex Subject):
1. Yablochkov is known to be the inventor of the electric candle. 2. All the members of the committee are reported to have been enthusiastic about the plan. 3. "Hamlet" is considered to be the summit of Shakespeare's art. 4. Substances are known to burn when they unite with the oxygen of the air. 5. The years that he had spent abroad seemed to have taught him much. 6. He is supposed to be one of the greatest writers of our time. 7. It appeared to be quite another man. 8. Shakespeare is known to have been an actor and playwright in one of the leading companies of players at the end of 1580.