Exercise 3. Match the sentences which mean the same.
| 1) A crane is a machine that lifts heavy objects and moves them horizontally. | a) Loads are moved up and down by the hoist cable. |
| 2) Cranes are commonly employed in the construction industry for the movement of materials and in the manufacturing industry for the assembling of heavy equipment. | b) The jib crane has a horizontal load-supporting boom fastened to a rotating vertical column, either attached to a wall or extending from floor to ceiling. |
| 3) Cranes exist in an enormous variety of forms. | c) There are many types of cranes. |
| 4) Cranes range in type and function from the largest derrick cranes to small, mobile truck cranes. | d) A crane is a hoisting machine for lifting heavy loads and transferring them from one place to another. |
| 5) The cable dropping from the top of the jib is attached to loads and lifts them vertically. | e) Modern cranes are of varied types and sizes. |
| 6) A jib crane is a type of crane where a horizontal member (jib or boom), supporting a moveable hoist, is fixed to a wall or to a floor-mounted pillar. | f) To move a load in and out from the crane’s center a trolley is employed along the underside of the horizontal jib. |
| 7) A trolley runs along the jib to move the load in and out from the crane centeraxis. | g) Tower cranes are a common fixture at any major construction site. |
| 8) Tower cranes are seen on almost every major construction site throughout the world. | h) Tower cranes are used extensively in construction and other industries to hoist and move materials. |
Reading
Read the text and choose the name to each crane.
Text A
CRANES
A crane is a machine that lifts heavy objects and shifts them horizontally. Cranes are of varied types and sizes. A jib crane has a horizontal member (jib or boom), supporting a moveable hoist. A jib crane can be fixed to a wall or to a floor-mounted column. Tower cranes rise hundreds of feet into the air. A mobile crane consists of a truss or telescopic boom mounted on a mobile platform – be it on road, rail or water. These are crawler cranes, rubber-tire cranes, truck cranes, and railway cranes. Today’s cranes combine long reach and high lifting capacities to work on large bridge jobs, prefabricated building erection, etc.
Bridge cranes comprise another important class of cranes. An overhead crane, a type of bridge crane is a crane with a hoist travelling along a horizontal beam called a bridge that itself runs along two parallel rails on wheels; an overhead crane is often used in a factory building. A gantry crane, another type of bridge crane, has a bridge supported by vertical structures that move along tracks.
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a) a truck-mounted crane, b) a railway crane, c) a crawler crane, d) a gantry crane, e) a tower crane, f) a rubber-tire crane, g) an overhead crane
Rendering
Render the text in English.
Грузоподъемный кран – машина циклического действия, предназначенная для подъёма и перемещения груза на небольшое расстояние. Несущая конструкция крана (supporting structure) – башня, ферма, мост или стрела; главные подъёмные механизмы – лебёдка (winch) или таль (pulley block). Сегодня на погрузочно-разгрузочных и монтажных работах широко используются самоходные стреловые краны. Они разделяются на следующие типы: пневмоколесные, гусеничные, автомобильные и железнодорожные.
Наиболее популярным подъемно-транспортным оборудованием для заводских цехов являются современные мостовые краны. Мостовой кран – это металлическое сооружение, которое состоит из двух основных частей: моста и тележки. Мост используется для перемещения груза вместе с тележкой вдоль цеха по подкрановым путям.
Listening
Video 9