Теоретические основы электротехники

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Теоретические основы электротехники - student2.ru

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Выделить самое основное и выучить 3 текста:

1. РФ

2.Псков ГУ

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МАТЕРИАЛ

THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The Russian Federation is one of the largest countries in the world. It occupies about one-seventh part of the earth’s surface. It covers the easter part of Europe and the north part of Asia. Its total area is over 17 million-square kilometers. It is washed by the seas of the Arctic Ocean in the nort-and those of the Baltic Ocean in the east. It borders on the Baltic Republic and some European countries in the west and on Asian countries in the south.

I. Territory and population

The Russia’s territory is 17,075 million square kilometers, with the population of 146,5 million people. Over 80 per cent of them are ethnically Russians. 70 per cent of the population live in cities. There are 1,030 towns and cities in this country. Moscow with 9 million people, is its capital.

II. State symbols

The State symbol of Russia is a three-coloured banner with three horizontal stripes: white, blue and red. The white stripe symbolizes the earth, the blue one-sky, and red one symbolizes liberty.

A new national emblem is a two-headed eagle, which is the most ancient-symbol of Russia. All these symbols have been approved by the Federal Assembly.

III. Scenery and vegetation

There is hardly a country in the world where such a variety of scenery and vegetation can be found. We have steeps and taiga in the north, highlands and deserts in the east.

IV. Rivers and lakes

There are over two million rivers in Russia. Europe’s biggest river, the Volga, flows into the Caspian Sea. This river is a major transport route from North to South and a source of hydroelectric energy. It rises north of Moscow in the Valdai Halls.

The main Siberian rivers-the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena-flow from the south to the north. The Amur in the Far East flows into the Pacific Ocean. Russia is rich in beautiful lakes. The three largest lakes in Russia are Baikal in South-Eastern Siberia and Ladoga and Onega in Northern Russia. The Baikal is the world’s most ancient lake and the deepest one. It contains one-fifth of the world’s fresh water.

V. Plains

The relief of Russia is mostly flat. Russia is located on two plains: the Great Russian Plain and the Western Siberian Plain.

VI. Mountain chains

There are three main mountain chains in Russia. The Caucasus is range of mountains which extends from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea. The highest mountain is Mount Elbrus.

The Urals extend from the Arctic Ocean to the steeps. This mountain chain divides the European and Asian parts of Russia. The Urals are famous for their valuable minerals and gemstones.

There are 150 volcanoes in Kamchatka Peninsula, 30 of which are active.

VII. Forests

Russia has one-sixth of the world`s forests. They are concentrated in the European north of the country, in Siberia and in the Far East.

VIII. Climate

On the vast territory of the country there are various types of climate, from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. In the middle of the country the climate is temperate and continental- winters are cold, springs and autumns are warm or cool, summers are hot and warm. In the south the temperature is usually above zero all year round, even in winter. Summer is really hot, the climate is very favourable. The climate in Siberia is continental: summers are hot and dry, winters are very cold.

IX. Natural resources

Russia is rich in mineral resources. It has deposits of coal, oil, natural gas, iron, ore, gold, nickel, copper etc.

X. Parliamentery republic

The Russian federation is set by the Constitution of 1993 after the collapse of the Soviet Union. According to the Constitution Russian is a Presidential Republic. The Head of the State is the President. The President is elected for six years.

The President is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, he makes treaties, enforces laws and appoints ministers.

The Federal Government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. All of them are checked by the President.

The legislative power is represented by the Federal Assembly. It consists of two chambers. The Chamber is the Council of Federation, the Lower Chamber is the State Duma.

To become a law a bill must be approved by both chambers and signed by the President. The President may veto the bill.

The executive power belongs to the Government which is headed by Prime Minister. The Prime Minister forms his Cabinet.

The judicial branch is represented by the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and regional courts.

Russian is the state language of Russia. It is spoken throughout the whole territory of the Russian Federation. Meanwhile each Republic within Russia has its own national language.

In spite of the problems Russia is facing at presents, there are a lot of opportunities for this country to become one of the leading countries in the world. I’m sure that we, the younger generation, can do very much to make Russia as strong and powerful as it used to be.

Pskov State University

Pskov State University (PskovSU) is the largest higher educational institution in the Pskov Region and one of the largest universities in the northwest of Russia. Hundreds of students graduate from it every year. In 2011 the university was established by the merger of five leading vocational training institutions of the Pskov Region.

Nowadays PskovSU is the most important intellectual resource of the region. It is the centre of educational, cultural and scientific life of the city of Pskov. The university trains highly qualified, competitive specialists in the interests of economic, political, social historical and cultural development of the Pskov Region as the border region registered in the system of the partnership of the Baltic Sea countries.

The university Implements programs of a bachelor’s degree, master’s degree, postgraduate courses, specialist programs, secondary vocational education, and additional vocational education. Education is free of charge but there are some students who study by paying.

The student body numbers over 10 thousand daytime, part-time and Correspondence students. There are 10 faculties at the university which offer a wide range of courses. There works a highly qualified teaching staff comprising about 320 doctors and candidates of science.

The university widely introduces innovative approaches to the training, successfully solves scientific problems of both fundamental and applied character. Students are involved in research within various programs and projects. While studying at the university the students get both theoretical knowledge and practical training. They have all the necessary facilities for studying: lecture halls, computer labs, well-equipped laboratories provided with up-to-date equipment where students make experiments and carry out research. Active use is made of the opportunities offered by the industrial enterprises and other organizations where students have their practical training.

The first- and second-year students obtain thorough instructions in the fundamental sciences. For example, all students of engineering must have an understanding of physics, mathematics, chemistry, drawing and computer engineering. The curricula are enriched and broadened by instructions in such subjects as history, foreign languages and economics.

At the third year students get more advanced knowledge and begin to concentrate on their special interests catalogue, bibliographic search system and access to the Internet. The electronic library databases supply students and teaching staff with modern publications on major subjects.

The international activity is one of the priority directions of the university. PskovSU has partnership relations with 84 foreign institutions of higher education in 26 countries. More than 400 foreign citizens from 18 countries study here.

Graduates from the university work in various industries, public administration establishments, secondary schools, design offices, scientific and research institutes, in the fields of economy, law, psychology, the can run their own business.

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Теоретические основы электротехники - student2.ru