Circle the correct answer. 0 You don’t have to/ mustn’tbuy any equipment to go walking

0 You don’t have to/ mustn’tbuy any equipment to go walking.

1 Do you have to / Must you wear special shoes for aerobics?

2 You don’t have to / mustn’t eat a lot before exercising. It isn’t good for you.

3 Joe was ill, so he had to / must miss football practice.

4 I don’t have to / mustn’t cycle to college, but I do it because I love cycling.

5 At my running club we have to / must jog slowly before we start running.

6 That was great! We have to / must play more often.

7 These jogging bottoms don’t fit me properly. I have to / must get some new ones.

8 Everyone can enjoy sport. You don’t have to / mustn’t be good at it.

Need (to)

• Need is a main verb with present, past, future and participle forms (need, needs, needing, needed), followed by to-infinitive: She needs to talk to you. Do you need to wash your hands? We needed to be home by five. They didn’t need to pay for the damage. You’ll need to be careful.

• It can also be a modal verb, followed by infinitive without to. This form is mainly used in negatives: You needn’t look so frightened! (= It isn’t necessary.)

• Compare these uses of need when talking about the past: We didn’t need to hurry because we had plenty of time. (= We didn’t hurry because it wasn’t necessary.)

We needn’t have hurried because the train was delayed. (= We hurried, but it wasn’t necessary.)

17. Complete the sentences. Use need/needs to or needn’t.

0 You......needn’t...... change your clothes. Those are fine.

1 We...........................stop during the journey. We can’t drive all the way without a break.

2 We...........................take our bikes. We can walk there.

3 He...........................make some new friends. His old friends have moved away.

4 They...........................work harder. They aren’t doing enough at the moment.

5 You...........................walk home with me. I’ll be all right on my own.

6 She...........................meet us at the station. We can get the bus to her house.

Circle the correct answer.

New Message

I passed my driving test today! I (0) didn’t need to worry / needn’t have worried about it because it was quite easy! I’m so happy! I (1) don’t need / needn’t to have any more lessons! Mum took me to the test centre. We left home early and then we had to wait for half an hour at the test centre. I (2) didn’t need to get up / needn’t have got up so early after all, but never mind. After the test, we went to town. Mum (3) didn’t need to go / needn’t have gone to work. We had lunch and did some shopping. We stayed quite late because we (4)didn’t need to get / needn’t have got home for Ben. He was playing football after school. When we got home, I drove to Emma’s on my own. It was exciting but terrifying! I (5) need to / needn’t get more practice, I think. I hope your driving lessons are going well. I’ve got some books about driving if you’d like them. I (6) didn’t need to buy / needn’t have bought them because I never looked at them, but they look quite useful. Anyway, when you come next time, we’ll go for a drive!

Advice and recommendations

• We use should/shouldn’t or ought (not) to to say that something is or isn’t a good idea: You should try this recipe. She shouldn’t watch so much TV. We all ought to do something for the environment. I ought not to tell you this.

• We can also use must, have to and mustn’t. Must, have to and mustn’t are stronger than should and ought to: You have to see the new exhibition. You mustn’t miss Tom’s talk - it’ll be very interesting.

• We use had better (not) + infinitive to give strong advice or a warning: You’d better tell the police! You’d better not be late!

• We use should/shouldn’t + have + past participle to express criticism of someone’s behaviour in the past: I should have known that he’d be late! She shouldn’t have lied to me.

19. Complete the conversation. Use should/shouldn’t or ought/ought not.

A: We (0) ......needn’t...... stop for a coffee. We’re going to be late.

B: I’m always late for everything! I (1) ........................... to organise my time better.

A: Actually, you (2) ........................... to agree to do too much. You (3) ........................... learn to say no. And you (4) ........................... help your sister with her homework every night. It’s not good for her or you.

B: Yes, she (5) ........................... to depend on me so much.

A: Exactly. She (6) ........................... try to work on her own.