Three Branches of Government in Great Britain.

The British Commonwealth of Nations.

For centuries British sailor and merchants traveled all over the world, discovered new lands and claimed them for England. Large territories in North America, Africa, the whole continent of Australia, New Zealand, India and a lot of islands in the ocean got under British rule. Thus, gradually, in the course of centuries, the huge British Empire came into, being. After World War, with the growth of national liberation movement in the world, the countries which were dependent on. Great Britain and formed, parts of the British Empire, began claiming independence. As a result, ofthis movement, the British Empire fell apart. However, centuries-long, economic, cultural and political ties, of these former colonies and dominions with Great Britain were too strong for them to completely

break away from each other, and it was found advisable to maintain the old ties. A new organization was established the British Commonwealth of Nations, including about 50 independent states which were formerly parts of the British Empire. The British Commonwealth of Nations encourages trade and friendly relations among its members. The Queen is the official head of the Commonwealth.

6. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

6.1. How was the British Empire formed?

6.2. What international movement brought about the fall of the British Empire? When did this movement start?

6.3. Why didn't former dependent countries completely break away from Great Britain? Why was it found advisable to maintain the old ties?

6.4. What is the name of the new association of former British colonies and dominions?

6.5. What does the British Commonwealth of Nations encourage?

6.6. Who is the official head of the British Commonwealth of Nations?

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 3. (Спец.40.02.01)

2-й вариант

1. Назовите номера предложений, глагол- сказуемое которых стоит в Past
Perfect Tense(прошедшее совершенное время), и переведите эти
предложения на русский язык:

1.1. Have you ever been to Piccadilly Circus?

1.2. She was doing her flat the whole day on Saturday.

1.3. He had learnt English before he went to the USA.

1.4. We have already studied seven English tenses.

1.5. He had discussed the problem with a lot of people before he took a decision.

2. Найдите герундий и подчеркните его, переведите предложения на русский
язык:

2.1. Have you finished writing?

2.2. I had no hope of getting an answer before the end pf the month. 2.3. Iron is found by digging in the earth.

3. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на согла-
сование времён:

3.1. I knew that she had gone to Great Britain two weeks before.

3.2. We asked her what places of interest she would visit in London.

3.3. She answered that she was a student of London University.

4. Выберите требуемую форму глагола и переведите предложения на русский
язык:

4.1. If the weather was fine, we (shall play, should play) outside.

4.2. If he doesn't come in time, we (shall have, should have) to wait for him.

4.3. If she had asked me yesterday, I (shall tell, should have told) her all about it.

5. Перепишите текст и переведите его письменно:

Three Branches of Government in Great Britain.

Power in Great Britain is divided among three branches: the legislative branch, the executive branch and the judicial branch. The legislative branch is represented by Parliament which consists of two chambers, or houses: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

Parliament in Britain has existed since 1265. Having been organized in the reign of King Edward 1, it is the oldest parliament in the world. The House of Lords consists of more than 1000 peers, including the "lords spiritual": the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Archbishop of York, and 24 bishops of the Church of England. The peers (with the exception of the "lords spiritual") have the right to sit in Parliament during their lifetime and transmit their right to their eldest sons.

During the present century a new practice has appeared: the practice of "creating" new peers. They are called "life peers", because their children do not inherit their titles like the children of hereditary peers. New peers are created by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minster. Sometimes a prominent politician is made a peer, sometimes a leading civil servant who has served the country well. As a result, about one-third of the Lords today are not representatives of hereditary nobility but company directors, bankers, newspaper proprietors and other businessmen.

The members of the House of Commons are elected by a general election. The whole country is divided into constituencies every one of which chooses one delegate. Big cities are divided into several constituencies each. Members of the House of Commons are elected for 5 years.

6. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

6.1. Which are three branches of state power in the United Kingdom?

6.2. What body is the legislative power represented by?

6.3. The British Parliament is the oldest parliament in the world, isn't it? Since what time has it existed? How old is' it?

6.4. Which are the two chambers of the British Parliament?

6.5. How many peers are there in the House of Lords? Who are the "Lords
spiritual"?

6.6. Who are “hereditary peers” and “life peers”? How are life peers created?

6.7. How are the members of the House of Commons elected? How often do

general elections of the House of Commons take place?

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 3. (Спец. 40.02.01)

3-й вариант

1.1. At this time yesterday I was talking to my friend.