Видовременные формы английского глагола в активном залоге

  Present Past Future  
Every day, usually, every year, seldom … Yesterday, last time, last year, a week ago, when… Tomorrow, next time, next year, in a week…  
Simple I You We They   play write   plays writes I You We They He She     played wrote I We You will (‘ll)play They will (‘ll)write He She  
He She  
  Do I you we they     play? write?     Did I you we they he she     play? write? I we Willyou they he she     play? write?  
Does he she  
I You do notplay We (don’t)write They   He does notplay She (doesn’t)write I You We did notplay They (didn’t) write He She   I We You will notplay They (won’t)write He She  
         
         
  At the moment, now At that time, yesterday, at 5 o’clock, when he came Tomorrow, at this time, this time, next Monday  
Progressive (be + ing – form) I am     playing writing I He She was playing writing I We be playing He will (‘ll) She be writing You They      
You We They   are    
We You They were  
He She is    
Am I     playing? writing?   Was   I he she     playing? writing? I we be playing? Will he she be writing? you they  
Are you we they  
  Were we you they  
Is   he she  
I am not   You We are notplaying They (aren’t)writing He is not She (isn’t) I He was not She (wasn’t) playing You writing We were not They (weren’t)     I We He will notbe playing She (won’t) be writing You They      
         
           
  Today, already, yet, this week (month, year), never, recently, since… By 5 o’clock, by the end of…, when he came By this time, next Monday, as soon as, he came  
Prefect (have + V3) I You We They   have       played written I You We They He She     had       played written I We have played You will He have written She They  
He She has    
I Havewe you they Hashe she     played? written?     Had I we you they he she     played? written? I we played? Willyou have they written? he she  
I You have not We (haven’t) They played written He has not She (hasn’t) I You We had notplayed They(hadn’t) written He She   I We have played You will not He (won’t) She have played They  
  Present Past Future  
                                 
  Present Past
Since then, for an hour, already, for a long time… How long...? Since when…? Since the time when, before…
Perfect Progressive (have been + ing – from) I You We They have     been playing been writing I You We They He She     had been     playing writing
He She has
Have I You We They     been playing? been writing?     Had I You We They He She     been playing? been writing?
Has He She
I You We They   have not     been playing been writing I You We They He She   have not been (haven’t) has hot been (hasn’t)     playing writing
He She has not

Страдательный залог

Passive Voice

Страдательный залог показывает, что подлежащее не выполняет действие, а подвергается действию другого лица или предмета. Если указано кем произведено действие, то употребляется предлог by,если указано чем производится действие (с помощью чего), то употребляется предлог with. Например: Radio was invented by Popov. – Радио было изобретено Поповым.

Rice is eaten with chopsticks in China. – Рис едят палочками в Китае.

Форма страдательного глагола образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to beв соответствующем времени и причастием II смыслового глагола.

  Действительный залог Страдательный залог
  Present Simple
Утвердительное I ask – Я спрашиваю I am asked – Меня спрашивают
Отрицательное I don’t ask - Я не спрашиваю I am not asked – Меня не спрашивают
Вопросительное Do I ask? - Я спрашиваю? Am I ask? - Меня спрашивают?
Past Simple
Утвердительное I asked – Я спрашивал I was asked – Меня спрашивали
Отрицательное I didn’t ask – Я не спрашивал I was not asked – Меня не спрашивали
Вопросительное Did I ask? - Я спрашивал? Was I asked?
Future Simple
Утвердительное I will ask – Я спрошу I will be asked– Меня спросят
Отрицательное I will not ask – Я не спрошу I will not be asked– Меня не спросят
Вопросительное Will I ask? – Я спрошу? Will I be asked? – Меня спросят?
  Present Perfect  
Утвердительное I have asked – Я спросил I have been asked –Меня спросили
Отрицательное I have not asked – Я не спросил I have not been asked– Меня не спросили
Вопросительное Have I asked? – Я спросил? Have I been asked?– Меня спросили?

Видовременные формы английского глагола в пассивном залоге.

  Passive
Simple Progressive Perfect Perfect Progressive
Present спрашивают обычно, всегда, каждый день am is asked are спрашивают сейчас, в данный момент, всё ещё am is being asked are спросили уже, только что (результат) have been asked has Вместо отсутствующих форм Perfect Progressive употребляются формы Perfect
Past спросили, был спрошен вчера, когда-либо в прошлом was asked were спрашивали когда я приехал was being asked were спросили, был спрошен к тому моменту, уже have been asked has
Future спросят, будет опрошен завтра will (shall) be asked вместо отсутствующей формы Future Progressive употребляется Future Simple спросят, будет спрошен к определенному моменту в будущем will have been asked
Инфинитив be V3 be being V3 have been V3

Модальные глаголы

Modal Verbs

Наиболее употребительными модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами являются такие глаголы как can, could, must, may, might, should, have to, ought to, need.Модальные глаголы в отличие от смысловых глаголов не обозначают действие или состояние, а лишь передают отношение говорящего к действию, выраженному инфинитивом. Модальные глаголы (кроме ought toи have to) употребляются с инфинитивом смыслового глагола без частицы to.Например: I can swim. – Я умею плавать.

He must visit a dentist. - Ондолжен посетить стоматолога.

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