Глагол “to be” в Present Indefinite Tense

The Verb “to be” in the Present Indefinite Tense

Утвердительная форма Отрицательная форма Вопросительная форма
  I am not (I’m not)   You are not (you aren’t)   He is not (he isn’t) She is not (she isn’t) It is not (it isn’t)   We are not (we aren’t) You are not (you aren’t) They are not (they aren’t) Am I?   Are you?   Is he? Is she? Is it?   Are we? Are you? Are they?

I am busy now. Я занят сейчас.

He is busy now. Он занят сейчас.

She is busy now. Она занята сейчас.

We are busy now. Мы заняты сейчас.

They are busy now. Они заняты сейчас.

EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Put in “am/ is/are”.

1. The sky… very blue today. 2. I … not tired. 3. This shelf ... very heavy. 4. These shelves … very heavy. 5. The child … asleep. 6. Look! This … Mabel. 7. I … cold. Can you shut the window, please? 8. The castle … one thousand years old. 9. My brother and I … good tennis players. 10. Amy …. at home but her parents … in church.

Exercise 2. Write full sentences. Use “am/is/ are” each time.

1. (my grandparents very old) My grandparents are very old.

2. (my desk very comfortable) ________________________

3. (your spectacles in your bag)_______________________

4. (I not very clever today)___________________________

5. (this house very expensive)__________________________

6. (the shops not open today)___________________________

7. (Mr. Wren’s grandson six years old)___________________

8. (the houses in this street very big)_____________________

9. (the examination not difficult)________________________

10. (those flowers very beautiful)________________________

Exercise 3. Write positive and negative short answers.

1. Are you married? No, I’m not. Yes, I am.

2. Is she tall?________________

3. Is it cold today? ___________

4. Are you an engineer? _______

5. Are you hungry? ___________

6. Is it light now? _____________

7. Are your hands warm? _______

8. Are you thirsty? ____________

9. Is you father tall? ___________

10. Is it sunny? ________________

Exercise 4. Translate into English.

1. Твой брат дома? 2. Сколько стоят эти открытки? 3. Эта гостиница очень дорогая. 4. Я интересуюсь искусством. 5. Все магазины сегодня открыты.

6. Музей сегодня открыт? 7. Мне жарко. 8. Моя сестра архитектор. 9. Я не устала. 10. Откуда родом её муж? 11. Они не студенты, они врачи. 12. Тебе интересны иностранные языки?

Глагол “to be” в Past Indefinite Tense

The Verb “to be” in the Past Indefinite Tense

Утвердительная форма Отрицательная форма Вопросительная форма
I was   You were   He was She was It was   We were You were They were   I was not   You were not   He was not She was not It was not   We were not You were not They were not Was I?   Were you?   Was he? Was he? Was it?   Were we? Were you? Were they?  

was not = wasn’t

were not = weren’t

I wasbusy yesterday. Я был занят вчера.

He wasbusy yesterday. Он был занят вчера.

We werebusy yesterday. Мы были заняты вчера.

They werebusy yesterday. Они были заняты вчера.

EXERCISES

Exercise 5. Put in “was/wasn’t/ were/weren’t”.

1. We didn’t like that house. It was very old and it wasn’t large enough.

2. Helen got married when she ______21 years old.

3. I called you yesterday evening but you______at home. Where_____you?

4. My son______at work last week because he _____ill. He is better now.

5. The shops ____open yesterday because it _____a public holiday.

6. “_____you at home at 9.30?” “No, I ______. I ______at work”

Exercise 6. Put in “am/is/are/was/ were”.

1. Last year their son was 26, so he is 27 now.

2. Today the weather _____nice, but yesterday it_____cold.

3. I _____cold. Can I have something hot to drink?

4. I _____hungry last night, so I had something to eat.

5. Where _____you at 10 o’clock last Sunday morning?

6. Don’t buy those shoes. They _____ too expensive.

7. Why ______ you so tired yesterday?

8. We must go now. It ______ very late.

9. This time last year I ______ in England.

10. We ______ tired when we arrived home, so we went to bed.

Exercise 7. Translate into English.

1. Где они были вчера вечером? 2. Почему ты вчера опоздал? 3. Его вчера не было в институте. 4. Меня там не было. 5. Её не было дома в пять часов.

6. Он был у своих друзей в субботу. 7. Они были очень взволнованы. 8. Вчера в Москве было морозно. 9. Она вчера была на выставке? 10. В среду они снова опоздали?

Глагол “to be” в Future Indefinite Tense

The Verb “to be” in the Future Indefinite Tense

Утвердительная форма Отрицательная форма Вопросительная форма
I shall (will) be   You will be   He will be She will be It will be   We shall (will) be You will be They will be   I shall (will) not be   You will not be   He will not be She will not be It will not be   We shall (will) not be You will not be They will not be Shall (will) I be?   Will you be?   Will he be? Will she be? Will it be?   Shall (will) we be? Will you be? Will they be?  

Shall not = shan’t

Will not = won’t

I will be busy tomorrow. Я буду занята завтра

I won’t be busy tomorrow. Я не буду занята завтра.

EXERCISES

Exercise 8. Put in “will (shall) be / won’t (shan’t) be”.

I … fine tomorrow. 2. Don’t worry. It … so cold tomorrow. 3. They … back very soon. 4. We … at the party on Sunday. 5. He … far in 2 hours. 6. My parents … at home so you may come to see me. 7. This summer … very hot. 8. We … glad to see your pictures.

Exercise 9. Put in “am/is/are/was/ were/will (shall) be”.

1. Look! The bottle … empty.

2. I … hot. Could you open the window, please?

3. Yesterday they came late and they… very tired.

4. Tomorrow we … in Egypt.

5. These boys … famous here, let’s talk to them.

6. Yesterday my car … dirty but now it … clean and looks so nice.

7. Next Monday it … cold and slippery.

8. Last week we went to the cinema. The film … exciting.

Exercise 10. Translate into English.

1. Я уверена, что гостиница будет дорогая. 2. Боюсь, они будут недовольны.

3. Мы будем рады. Спасибо за приглашение. 4. Когда они будут дома? 5. К сожалению, моего брата не будет на выставке. 6. Буду ли я расстроена после встречи? Не знаю. Надеюсь, что нет.

Exercise 11. (Revision)Translate into English.

1. Все гости в зале. 2. Два часа назад они были на вокзале. 3. Курение вредно. 4. Я первокурсник. 5. Лето будет очень теплым. 6. Много лет назад он был очень известен в нашем городе. 7. К сожалению, его нет дома. 8. Будет ли он хорошим врачом? Не знаю. 8. Дети в школе сейчас? 9. Их не было в офисе вчера. 10. Эти книги не будут популярны.

§41. КОНСТРУКЦИЯ “THERE + BE”

“THERE + BE” CONSTRUCTION

Оборот there + be быть, находиться, существовать употребляется для выражения наличия (или отсутствия) в определённом месте ещё неизвестного собеседнику или читателю лица или предмета. Данный оборот стоит в начале предложения, за ним следует подлежащее, выраженное существительным, т.е. имеет место обратный порядок слов (инверсия). Глагол to be ставится в личной форме (is, are, was, were, will be и т.д.) и согласуется с последующим именем существительным.

There is a kindergarten in our yard.

В нашем дворе есть детский сад.

There are many apples in the garden.

В саду много яблонь.

There was a garage near our house 2 years ago.

Два года назад рядом с нашим домом находился гараж.

There were few mistakes in his test.

В его контрольной работе было мало ошибок.

There will be a good wheat crop in the Ukraine this year.

В этом году на Украине будет хороший урожай пшеницы.

There hasn’t been any rain for some days.

В течение нескольких дней не было дождя.

Глагол to be после there может употребляться также в сочетании с модальными глаголами can, must, may, ought to и т.д.:

There must be a dictionary on the shelf.

На полке должен быть словарь.

Если в предложении с оборотом there + be имеется обстоятельство места, то перевод начинается с этого обстоятельства:

There are many new books В институтской библиотеке много

at the Institute library. новых книг.

При отсутствии обстоятельства перевод предложения начинается с самого оборота:

There are different methods of Существуют различные способы

learning English words. заучивания английских слов.

В вопросительном предложении глагол в личной форме ставится на первое место перед there.

Is there a school in your street? На вашей улице есть школа?

Ответ:

Yes, there is. Да, есть.

No, there is not. Нет.

Are theremany mistakes in his work? В его работе много ошибок?

Yes, there are. Да, много.

No, there are not. Нет.

В полном отрицательном предложении после оборота there + be ставится отрицательное местоимение no.

There will be no lecture on Завтра лекции по физике не будет.

physics tomorrow.

Перед many, much и числительными ставится notвместо no.

There were not manyinteresting В этом журнале много интересных

articles in this magazine. статей.

Если в предложении с оборотом there + be имеется несколько подлежащих, то глагол to be обычно согласуется с подлежащим, которое следует непосредственно за ним:

There was a table and five chairs in the room.

В комнате был стол и пять стульев.

Обратите внимание на то, что предложения: There is a book on the table и The book is on the table имеют разное значение. В первом из них указывается то, что в этом месте (on the table) что-то находится (a book). Второе предложение показывает что предмет, о котором мы знаем, говорим или ищем его (the book) находится в этом месте (on the table).

Itупотребляется для обозначения конкретного предмета, места, явления или лица.

I don’t like this town. There is nothing to do here. It is a boring place.

Мне не нравится этот город. Здесь нечем заняться. Это скучное место.

Мы также употребляем itв безличных предложениях.

It is cold. Холодно.

Itis terrible to say such things. Ужасно говорить такие вещи.

It is summer now. Сейчас лето.

Itis time to have dinner. Время обедать.

EXERCISES

Exercise 1.Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the use of the construction ”there+ be”.

1. Are there any chances to get a good job here? 2. Unfortunately, there is no circus in this town. 3. How many cinemas are there in your city? 4. There was a lorry, two motorcycles and a lot of cars in the parking. 5. Mum, will there be a lot of presents for me under our Christmas tree? 6. Last year there were 15 students in our group, but now there are only 10. 7. There will be no explanation because all the rules have already been given to you. 8. Suddenly there was a loud crash as the clock fell to the floor. 9. There were several fights outside the stadium but no one was hurt. 10. Is there life after death?

Exercise 2. Supply the proper form of the verb “to be”.

1. There … some money in my purse.

2. There … keys in my bag but now I can’t find them.

3. There … no school here in 1920.

4. There … a purse and spectacles on the table.

5. I think there … too many people in the park tomorrow.

6. There … a chocolate here. You can take it.

7. There … a blackboard, four tables and five chairs in our classroom.

8. There … scissors on the shelf.

9. There … a lipstick and a handkerchief in every woman’s handbag

10. There … food in the fridge. It’s empty.

11. There … a lot of mistakes in your dictation.

12. I hope there… a new club in our city.

Exercise 3. Use “there+be”in the correct form.

1. Look! … their telephone number in the letter.

2. Chi Chester is a very old town. … many old buildings.

3. Excuse me, … a restaurant near here?

4. How many students … in your group?

5. I was hungry but … anything to eat.

6. … a football match on TV last night.

7. … many people at the meeting?

8. Look! … an accident. Call the ambulance!

9. … 24 hours in a day.

10. This box is empty … nothing in it.

11. … somebody at the airport to meet you when you arrive tomorrow.

12. When we arrived at the cinema … a long queue outside.

Exercise 4. Use“there is (are)” or ”it is”.

1. … only seven stations on this metro line.

2. … a lot of snow in the street.

3. Come on, children. … time to get up.

4. … a few magazines and a telephone on the table.

5. His eyesight is bad. … difficult for him to recognize people.

6. … no place like home.

7. … some tasty things in my fridge.

8. … too noisy here. Let's go away.

9. … too much noise here for us to work.

10. … a pity, … no tea left.

Exercise 5. Ask the questions to the following statements and answer them according to the pattern.

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