Online travel agency (ota)

An online travel agency can be utilized by a traveler in order to book everything they need for their trip in one place. This can include making hotel reservations, flight reservations and in-destination reservations like tours, attractions, activities.

ONLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM
A system that allows a customer to make a reservation online and receive an immediate confirmation.

OPEN TICKET

Ticket that is valid for transportation between certain points but indicates no specific reservation.

OVERBOOKING
Your tours are overbooked when you have more participants that you can really accept. Over bookings have be used by airlines for decades as it is well known that a small percentage of travellers will miss their plane. In the tours and activities industry, overbookings generally mean a lot of work to cancel, reschedule and refund frustrated customers. An clear cancellation policy is preferrable to overbookings.

PACKAGE TOUR (PACKAGE HOLIDAY)

A tour arranged by a travel agent; transportation and food and lodging are all provided at an inclusive price

PASSENGER MANIFEST
A list of customers that are participating to your tour. ideally printable and mobile friendly.

PASSENGER WEIGHT
An helicopter or a plane might not be able to carry it’s full seat capacity due to weight limitations or fuel requirements. In some countries or industry, it is a legal requirement to ask the exact weight of your passengers (sorry ladies) and to have it onboard in your passenger manifest. Specialised reservation system integrate this constraint to avoid overbookings.

PAYMENT GATEWAY
A software used to charge customers credit card and send money directly to your bank account. OR MERCHANT ACCOUNT.

REAL-TIME BOOKING
An option for travelers to book their trips in real-time. It is particularly useful on the business end because it allows a manager or operator to choose when and where they want to offer reservations.

SEE OFF

To accompany one to the point of departure for a trip and say good-bye upon departure

SIGHTSEE
A place or monument that attract visitors and is generally a must-do in the area.

THINGS TO DO
Events, activities, and services provided in a particular tourist destination.

TOURISM ORGANISATION
An organisation which helps travelers plan trips while at the same time promoting businesses in a particular area.

TOUR OPERATOR
A person or company who operates a tour for travelers who are visiting. The operator often points out local points of interest as well as answers questions to their customers. The term is broadly use in the industry and can include dive centres, surf schools, bike rental and all sort of activitity providers.

TRAVEL GUIDE
A guide that offers insight to the various things to do in a particular location. They often highlight tours, hotels, restaurants, activities and other local areas that should be visited.

TRAVEL PHOTOGRAPHS
High resolution images of a particular area that can be displayed on a person’s website to showcase their business.

TRAVELOGUE
Blogger specialised in the travel industry.

TRIP ADVISOR
One of the most popular review sites on the web. It allows users to review their experiences on vacation with specific tourism-related businesses.

UNRESTRICTED FARE
A fee that an airline will charge for a flight without any discounts associated with it. This is considered the base price of the flight, and is used for comparison when discounts are applied to the final cost.

UNRESTRICTED RATE
This is the term that businesses in the tourism industry use to describe their base price. Essentially, the unrestricted rate is the fee for a service without any discounts associated with it. It is sometimes also referred to as the rack rate.

VACATION

A period of time devoted to pleasure, rest, or relaxation, especially one with pay granted to an employee.

VISITORS INFORMATION CENTRE
A spot in most tourist destinations that provides information to visitors and answers their questions. You can typically find brochures as well as other service information here.

WAITLIST

List of travelers waiting for people to cancel reservations for a flight that is sold out.

WALKING TOUR
A specialized tour where a person walks along a street or path with a tour guide in order to get a feel for the area. The patron will not ride a bus or boat in order to enjoy their tour.

ZIP LINE
A popular travel activity that many tour activity operators offer in their particular destinations. The zip line typically goes over a natural area, such as a jungle, allowing people to experience the sight in a totally different way. Many people prefer to book their zip line excursions prior to arriving at their destination, so online booking software is helpful for businesses who offer this activity.

UNIT 10

national holiday / legal holiday – an official holiday celebrated by the whole country;

major holiday – a widely celebrated holiday;

popular holiday – a widely celebrated holiday that people like very much;

local holiday – a holiday celebrated locally, only in some region or place;

religious holiday – a holiday observed in some religion;

movable holiday – a holiday that is not fixed on a certain day; it moves every year; some religious holidays are movable holidays;

red-letter day – 1. a holiday marked by red letters in the calendar; 2. a memorable, important, or happy day.

Christmas party – informal; usually at home with family members and close friends; with a Christmas tree, presents, and a big turkey dinner;

New Year party – an informal party with friends; at home or at a restaurant;

Halloween party – a day of celebration for children; with frightening ghost costumes and masks; children go trick-or-treating to neighbors' houses, where a lot of sweet things are prepared for them;

Thanksgiving party – informal; usually at home with family members and close friends; with a big turkey dinner.

farewell party / going-away party – a party in honor of someone who is going away;

costume party – a masquerade ball, costume ball, masquerade party where everyone wears a masquerade costume;

stag party – 1. a party for men only; 2. (also, a bachelor party) a party that is given by male friends in honor of another male friend before his wedding;

hen party – a party for women only;

singles party – a party for unmarried men and women.

Unit 11Higher Education

ABD(All But Dissertation) – a title used to describe a doctoral candidate that has completed all their coursework and exam requirements, but still needs to write their dissertation.

Academic Advisor– a member of the faculty who provides advice and guidance on academic matters such as course selection.

Academic Year– the academic year is broken into fall, spring, and summer semesters and runs August to July. To see USF’s academic calendar, visit

Accredited/Accreditation– the official recognition that a college or university meets the standards of regional or national organization.

Add/Drop– a process that allows students to change their course schedules by adding or dropping courses.

Assistant Professor– untenured faculty on a tenure track. This is usually an entry-level position with a probationary period of approximately 5-6 years following the completion of a doctorate program.

Associate Professor– tenured faculty at the intermediate level. Many faculty stay at this rank throughout their careers once it’s achieved. However, some strive for the rank of full professor.

Associate's Degree– a degree that requires 60-80 specified credit hours which breaks down to approximately two years of study. It is awarded as Associate in Arts (AA) or Associate in Science (AS). Typically, associate degrees are awarded by community colleges.

Audit– taking a class to gain knowledge about a subject, without receiving a grade or credit toward a degree.

Bachelor's Degree– a degree that requires 120+ specified credit which breaks down to approximately four years of study. It is awarded as Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BS), or Bachelor of Social Work (BSW).

College– the generic term that is used to refer to any post-secondary institution. Typically a college only provides an undergraduate education. College can also refer to an academic division of a university like College of Education..

Core Requirements/Core Curriculum– Mandatory general education, usually interdisciplinary, course requirements needed for the completion of a degree.

Course– regularly scheduled class on a particular subject.

Course Load– the number of courses/credit hours a student takes during a specific semester.

Course Offerings– a list of courses offered during a specific semester.

Credits/Credit Hours– units used by institutions to record the completion of courses (with a passing grade) in a degree program.

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Curriculum– a program of study made up of a set of courses offered by a degree program.

CV(Curriculum Vitae) – a document that details your accomplishments similar to a resume, but longer. It is usually requested at academic institutions when applying for an academic position.

Dean– the director or head of a division of a certain professional school or college of a university.

Degree– a diploma or title awarded by a college or university to students after they have successfully completed a program of study.

Department– the formal division of a school consisting of faculty and support staff responsible for instruction in a subject area.

Discipline– an area of academic study.

Dissertation– an in-depth thesis on an original topic of research that is typically submitted and presented in the final stage of earning a doctorate.

Doctorate– the highest degree awarded by a university after the successful completion of an advanced graduate program of study. It usually requires three or more years of study beyond the master’s degree. Also referred to as a PhD.

Drop– refers to the withdrawal of a student from a course that must be completed in a specified period of time depending on the college or university.

Dual Degree– a program of study that allows a student to concurrently earn two degrees from the same college or university.

Electives– are courses students can take for credit toward their degree, but are not part of the required course list.

Enroll– to register or enter a school or course.

Exempt– not required to do something that other students may be required to do.

Faculty– the instructional staff of an educational institution.

Fees– an amount of money charged by schools, in addition to tuition, to cover institutional costs.

Fellowship– a study grant or financial assistance awarded by varying institutions such as educational institutions, the government, research centers, and hospitals. They are usually awarded to graduate and doctoral students and are based on academic achievement.

Final Exam- a course based assessment taken at the end of a semester or term during finals week.

Freshman– a student in their first year of attendance at a high school or college/university.

Full Professor- refers to the rank of a tenured faculty member that has advanced beyond the associate professor level.

Full-time Student– a student taking 12 or more credit hours at the undergraduate level and 9 or more hours at the graduate level.

GA(Graduate Assistant) – a graduate student employed part-time to assist faculty in teaching, grading, and meeting with students.

GMAT(Graduate Management Admissions Test) – a standardized test required for admission into graduate programs in business.

GPA(Grade Point Average) – a system of recording a student’s overall academic performance as a numerical average. A GPA is on a 4.0 scale and calculated at the end of each term/semester with an overall GPA calculated upon graduation.

Grades– a score or mark (ie. A,B,C,D,F) indicating a student’s academic performance on an assessment, paper, or in a course.

Graduate Course– a credit course that is applied toward a graduate degree like a master’s or doctorate.

Graduate School– the division of a college or university which offers graduate programs that result in a master’s degree, doctorate, or graduate certificate.

Graduate Student– a student that already has an undergraduate degree and is enrolled in an advanced studies program leading to a master’s or doctorate degree.

Grant– a type of financial aid that does not require repayment and is given to students by the federal or state government, company, school, or charity.

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GRE(Graduate Record Examination) – a standardized test that is required for admission into a graduate degree program. The exam measures verbal, quantitative, and analytical writing skills.

Independent Study– a course that allows students to earn credit toward their degree for work with a faculty member outside the traditional classroom setting. Click here for more information on USF’s independent study policy.

Internship– supervised professional training designed to provide students with experience in the work place.

Junior– a student in their third year of high school or college/university.

Letter of Recommendation– a letter written on behalf of a student that assesses their qualifications and skills. They are usually required for admission to a program of study or as part of the application process for a fellowship, internship, scholarship, etc.

Major– an area of specialization, consisting of a number of courses in a discipline of study, chosen by undergraduate students. Students are usually required to choose their major before the end of their sophomore year.

Major Professor– a professor that serves as an advisor and mentor for students at the graduate level. The student is typically responsible for choosing their major professor, but the preferred professor must agree to the arrangement.

Master's Degree– a degree awarded after the completion of an advanced program of study at a college or university. A master’s degree program typically requires one to two years of study past the bachelor’s degree. It is awarded as a Master of Arts (M.A.), Master of Science (M.S.), and Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.).

MCAT(Medical College Admission Test) – a standardized test required for admission into medical school. The exam measures verbal reasoning, writing skills, and physical and biological sciences knowledge.

Midterm Exam– an exam given in the middle of an academic term that covers all the material studied in a particular course to that point.

Minor– a secondary area of specialization chosen by undergraduate students.

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Part-time Student– a student that is enrolled in 12 credit hours or less per semester.

PhD Candidate– a student who has completed all their coursework, passed their qualifying or comprehensive exam, and is in the dissertation writing process.

Plagiarism– the illegal use of another person’s words or ideas as your own without acknowledging that person through an academically accepted citation process. Many colleges and universities have strict policies and punishments for plagiarism.

Postdoc(Postdoctoral scholar) – a recent PhD recipient engaged in a temporary period of mentored research, scholarly training, or teaching in order to acquire professional skills.

Registration– the process in which students choose and enroll in courses for an academic term.

SAT(Scholastic Assessment Test) – a standardized test required for admission into a college or university and is usually taken in the junior or senior year of high school. The exam measure reading, writing, and math skills.

Scholarship– a type of financial aid that consists of free money given to a student by a school, individual, organization, company, charity, or federal/state government to help pay for college tuition and expenses.

Semester– an academic year that is divided into two equal segments of 15 to 18 weeks.

Seminar– a small class focused on specialized topics discussed in depth with a professor.

Senior– a student in their fourth year of study at a high school or college/university.

Syllabus– a document distributed to students enrolled in a course that outlines the material a course will cover, instructor expectations, assignments, due dates, instructor contact information, and relevant university policies.

TA(Teaching Assistant) – a graduate student employed part-time to assist faculty with teaching an undergraduate course.

Tenure– a status earned by faculty members at a college or university after demonstrating a strong record of research, publishing, and teaching.

Term– a period of study such as a semester.

Thesis– a formal piece of writing on a specific topic required for a degree.

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TOEFL(Test of English as Foreign Language) – a standardized exam that determines English proficiency in reading, listening, speaking, and writing. The exam is required for international student admission to a US college or university.

Transcript– an official record of a student’s performance at an academic institution.

Tuition– the amount of money an academic institution charges its students for attendance.

Undergraduate– a post-secondary program leading to a bachelor’s degree. The term also refers to a student attending such a program.

Visa– an official mark or stamp in a passport that allows someone to enter a country for a specified amount of time. The US government issues the following types of visas for students and scholars: F-1 (student visa) and J-1 (exchange visitor visa).

Work-study– a financial aid program funded by the US government that allows students to work part-time on campus.

UNIT 12

Associate’s Degree – A degree granted for successfully completing at least two years of undergraduate study in a prescribed academic program. Associate’s degrees are awarded by community, technical, and tribal colleges and by some programs in four-year institutions.

Bachelor’s Degree (or Baccalaureate Degree) – A degree awarded for completion of a prescribed academic program (generally four years or longer) of college or university study. In some academic fields at some institutions completion of the degree may require five years. In a number of other countries the counterpart undergraduate degree is based on three years of postsecondary study. (Typically in such countries, however, students must complete thirteen years of primary and secondary education before entering the university, as opposed to twelve in the U.S.) The two most common baccalaureate degrees are the Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) and Bachelor of Science (B.S.). The former typically requires more breadth of course work and the latter more specialization.

Certificate – A non-degree recognition that a student has completed a prescribed program or set of requirements.

Class Standing – A student’s year in school or status (first-year student, sophomore, junior, or senior) based on the student’s progression (amount of time and/or number of credits) towards finishing degree requirements.

Degree – An academic title awarded by an institution to a student who successfully completes a prescribed program of studies.

Degree-Seeking Student – A student who has been admitted to, and is enrolled at, an educational institution in a status designed to lead to a degree.

Doctoral Degree (or Doctorate) – The highest level of graduate degree granted in certain academic fields in U.S. higher education. Typically requires four to six years or more of post-baccalaureate study with a dissertation as a capstone. The most common doctorate, called the “Doctor of Philosophy” (Ph.D.), is awarded in a large number of disciplines, not exclusively philosophy. Several fields of study, such as Doctor of Medicine (M.D.); Doctor of Law (Juris Doctorate or LL.D.); and Education (Ed.D) have their own doctoral degree designations.

Dual Degree – Two degrees awarded to a single student by two different institutions by way of a formal articulation program between the institutions. The curriculum of the dual-degree program may be under the direction of a joint program faculty, with equal representation from each participating institution, or curriculum may be the separate responsibility of each institution.

Fifth-Year Senior – A student who has completed more than four years of undergraduate studies but has not graduated. Some bachelor’s degree programs, for example, in engineering, may require five years of coursework to complete.

First-Year Student (synonymous with, and gaining currency over, Freshman) – A first-year undergraduate student. Often defined operationally in terms of number of credits or courses the student has completed (for example, less than 1/4 of the credits needed to finish a four year program). Definitions vary slightly from institution to institution.

Gap Year – An extra year that some students take between high school graduation and the beginning of higher education studies. Students sometimes use such a year for international work, internships, volunteering, or study.

Graduate Student – A student enrolled in a program of study leading to a degree beyond the baccalaureate level.

Graduate Study – Most often used broadly to describe any study leading to a degree beyond the baccalaureate level. Sometimes, however, it is defined more narrowly to include only those fields whose students are enrolled in an institution’s Graduate School and to exclude those students enrolled in separately organized professional schools, such as a law school or medical school.

Postgraduate Education – Education beyond the terminal degree (for example, Ph.D., J.D., or M.D.). Although this is the most common definition in the U.S., in some other systems (for example, British) the term means education beyond the undergraduate degree.

Senior – An undergraduate student in the fourth year or later, often defined in terms of credits completed (for example, at least 3/4 of a four-year program).

Sophomore – A second-year undergraduate student, often defined in terms of credits completed (for example, between 1/4 and 1/2 of a four-year program).

Stop Out – To take a leave of absence with the intent to resume studies shortly. Terminal Degree – The highest degree offered in a particular field of study.

Time to Graduation – Number of semesters, trimesters, quarters, or years it takes a student to finish his/her degree requirements.

Transfer Student – A student enrolled at an institution who has previously pursued study at the same level (for example, undergraduate) at one or more other institutions of higher education. The term applies regardless of whether the current institution accepts any degree credit from the previous institution(s).

Undergraduate Student – A student enrolled in a baccalaureate or associate degree program. Undergraduate Study – Study toward a baccalaureate or associate’s degree.

UNIT 13

Career
A career is the sequence and variety of occupations (paid and unpaid) which one undertakes throughout a lifetime. More broadly, 'career ' includes life roles, leisure activities, learning and work.

Career development
Career development is the complex process of managing life, learning, and work over the lifespan.

Career guidance
Career guidance is an inclusive term that has been used to describe a range of interventions including career education and counselling, that help people to move from a general understanding of life and work to a specific understanding of the realistic life, learning and work options that are open to them. Career guidance is often thought to incorporate career information, career education and career counselling.

Employability Skills
Generic skills and attributes that are required to gain employment and may be transferred from one situation to another.

International student
Any student who is not an Australian or New Zealand citizen or a permanent resident of Australia is an international student. An international student is required to hold a visa that allows study in Australia and may be liable for international tuition fees.

Job
A job is a paid position requiring a group of specific attributes and skills that enable a person to perform tasks in an organisation either part-time or full-time for a short or long duration.

Major
A field of study, chosen by a student, to represent their principal interest. This would consist of specified units of study from later stages of the award course. One or more majors may be awarded upon the graduand's assessment of study.

Occupation
An occupation is defined as a group of similar jobs found in different industries or organisations.

Penultimate
The last but one (second last) in a series. Your penultimate year at university is the year before your final year.

Postgraduate
A term used to describe a course leading to an award such as graduate diploma, master’s degree or PhD, which usually requires prior completion of a relevant undergraduate degree (or diploma) course.

Prerequisite
A pre-requisite is a unit of study that is required to be successfully completed before another unit can be attempted.

Profession
A profession is a disciplined group of individuals who adhere to ethical standards and uphold themselves to, and are accepted by, the public as possessing special knowledge and skills in a widely recognised body of learning derived from research, education and training at a high level, and who are prepared to exercise this knowledge and skills in the interest of others.

Skill
An ability to perform a particular mental or physical activity which may be developed by training or practice.

UNIT 14

JOB noun - work that you do regularly to earn money. When you ask someone about their job, you usually say ‘What do you do?’, and not ‘What is your job?’ The answer would usually be ‘I am a ...’ or ‘I work as a...’, and not ‘My job is’...

JOB DESCRIPTION noun - a list of all the things that someone must do in their job

JOB SECURITY noun - the knowledge that your job is permanent as long as you want it to be

JOB SHARING noun - a system in which two people share the work from a single job, so that each one works for part of the day or week

LABOR - the American spelling of labour

LABOURnoun -work

LINEnoun - the way that communication, authority, or responsibility is shared between people in an organization

LIVELIHOOD noun - something such as your work that provides the money that you need to live

LOADnoun - an amount of work that a person, piece of equipment, or system has to do at one time

METIER noun (very formal) - the type of work that you are good at, or the subject that you know most about

OCCUPATIONnoun - a job. This word is used especially on forms and in formal writing

OCCUPATIONAL adjective - relating to, or caused by, your job

OFF-SITE noun - a short trip for all the employees in a particular department or company, especially so that they can learn more about each other and how to work together better

OPPORTUNITY noun - a job that is available

OPUSnoun (humorous) any piece of work that someone produces

ORDER BOOKnoun - the total work that a company has agreed to do in the future, which shows how safe its workers’ jobs are

PLURALISMnoun (formal)- a situation in which someone has more than one job or position, especially in a church

PORTFOLIO WORKINGnoun - a way of organizing your working life in which you work for several different employers and do several different jobs at one time instead of working all the time for one employer

POSITIONnoun - a job in a company

POSTnoun (British) - a job, especially one with a lot of responsibility

PROBATIONnoun - a period of time during which someone who has been given a new job is watched to see whether they can do the job well and stay in the position

PROFESSIONnoun - a job that you need special skills and qualifications to do, especially one with high social status

PROFESSIONALadjective - relating to your work or career

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMNETnoun - the process of obtaining the skills, qualifications, and experience that allow you to make progress in your career

PROFESSIONALLYadverb - in a way that is connected with your work or career

PROSPECTSnoun - chances of success, especially in a job or career

RESIGNING/RESIGNATIONS when you decide it's time to quit your job (also referred to as giving notice)

RESUME noun - a key job-hunting tool used to get an interview, it summarizes your accomplishments, your education, as well as your work experience, and should reflect your special mix of skills and strengths.

SALARY noun - financial compensation an employee receives for performing the job, and part of your compensation package. It can be determined by hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly. It also can include overtime pay, bonuses, and commissions.

SALARY NEGOTIATION noun - an extremely important process in which job-seekers attempt to obtain the best compensation package possible, based on skills and experience, the industry salary range, and the company's guidelines.

SERVICEnoun - work or duties done for a person or an organization

SITUATIONnoun (formal) - a job

SLOTnoun - a job that someone has as part of a team of people

START OUT used about someone’s career

TENUREnoun - the period of time during which someone has an important job or is an elected official