IX. Decide what kind of weather is described in each situation

Make use of the following words: hurricane, thaw, flood, blustery, foggy, snowdrift, slippery, scorching, humid, drought.

1. Big trees can be uploaded like small sticks. ____________________________

2. All airports are closed because of the deep snow. ________________________

3. You can set outside the house in the middle of winter. ____________________

4. Cars and buses skid out of control. ___________________________________

5. You can hardly breathe and wish for rainfall. ___________________________

6. Even the postman has to use boat to go around. _________________________

7. We have to sit in the shade every afternoon. ____________________________

8. It can blow a newspaper out of your hands. ____________________________

9. The sweat is pouring out of everybody. _______________________________

10. You can hardly se your hand in front of you. ___________________________

11. The ground becomes hard and all plants die. ___________________________

X. Creative work

Recall what the weather you had in this part of the country you live. Make notes of all changes from Monday through Sunday. Explain extraordinary weather conditions.

Use prompts: dry and bright, mainly dry, sunny rays, overcast, showery rain, drizzly days, foggy mornings, gentle breeze, wet and windy, but improving, snowfall, paralyzing a whole country, mild, melt, stuffy air.

XI. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.

1. Suppose you get _____ (from, out of) you house __ (on, at) an early sunny day and see a yellow dandelion (одуванчик).

2. Our land is full __ (in, of, with) beautiful flowers, trees which grow and blossom __ (in, at, on) the meadows, ___ (in, of, on) the banks of the rivers and lakes, in the forests and __ (at, on, in) the gardens.

3. Industry is developing sometimes ___ (without, instead of, within) any care of the environment.

4. The word “ecology” came ___ (out of, from, into) the Greek “oikos” which means “home”.

5. But a more healthy way to get rid __ (from, of, out of) solid wastes is to spread them ____ (behind, over) the land and pack them back down.

6. A great number __(in, of, from) people __ (all over, around in, within) the world are taking part ___(in, on, at) the policy of controlling climatic changes, because of men’s interference in nature.

XII. Issues for discussion

Problem of global warming.

Air and water pollution.

Birds and animals, and plants protection.

Ecological problems of our region.

SOME CURIOUS FACTS

Thunderstorms

Do you know what thunder and lightning are? Lightning is a big spark of electricity that travels from the sky down to the earth. Thunder is the big noise you hear after you see lightning in the sky. Thunder and lightning occur during a thunderstorm. Thunderstorms occur the most often during the spring and summer.

Have you ever heard the expression, “lightning never strikes the same place twice?” Well, it’s not exactly true. A man named Roy Sullivan was struck by lightning seven times in 25 years. Many people die the first time they are struck by lightning. More than 200 people are killed by lightning in the USA every year.

Finding And Collecting Water

The water in your body helps to regulate your temperature, and keep it working properly. Although you carry water with, you may need to add to your supply by collecting water from the environment. There are tips on how to do this below.

Finding Water

You can use birds and insects to lead you to water. Most grain-eating birds animals and flies are sings that water is near.

Collecting Water

Rainfall

To catch the maximum amount of rainwater, lean a waterproof container under a tree. Extra water will run down the trunk and into the container.

Ice or snow

Thinly spread ice or snow on a sheet of plastic (preferably black, as this absorbs the heat). Arrange the plastic to catch the water as it melts.

JUST FOR RECOGNITION

Pollution Solutions

Adapted from the “Pollution Solutions ”article by L. Prescott, which appeared in Ranger Rick magazine

Air Care

Worldwide, the stinky problem of pollution has grown. More and more factories, cars, and trucks add their bad breath to the air. But the battle against air pollution is also growing. Many U.S. cities still have dirty air. So most states are ma­king tougher laws against air pollution. And scien­tists are looking for ways to make factories and cars run cleaner.

Cleaner Rain?

Chemicals called sul­fates puff out of coal-bur­ning factories around the world. When the sulfates mix with clouds, acid rain falls and harms lakes, rivers and plants - and the crea­tures that need them. Also, the wind blows the air around. So, sulfates from one place can fall as acid rain many miles away. The good news is that many countries are working hard to end acid rain. Scientists are figuring out ways to make coal burn more cleanly. And in many parts of North America, the amount of sulfates in the air has dropped. So less acid rain is falling!

Dirty Water?

Nearly half of the lakes in North America are pol­luted. Often, companies dump chemical wastes into water. But scientists are finding a solution to this problem, too. Some rivers have been made much cleaner. And there are big plans to clean up the Great Lakes, the Chesapeake Bay, the Mississippi River, and other bodies of water.

Good Energy News

When we burn coal and oil for energy, we cause pollution. But little by little we're getting more energy from the sun and the wind. This energy is clean and renewable (that means we'll never run out of it). Energy from the sun now helps heat and light more than 100,000 homes in the United States. More good news: many electric com­panies have discovered that saving energy is better than making more energy. So they can send experts to homes in the U.S. to look for energy "leaks"-places where energy is be­ing wasted. Everyone needs to have his/her home checked for leaks.

Poisons In Food

Farmers often spray chemicals on crops to pro­tect them against pests. These chemicals are called pesticides. Scientists have found that pesticides often end up in our food. Pesti­cides can cause health problems - especially for kids. But here's the good news: the U.S. government is helping farmers find ways to protect crops without us­ing many pesticides.

Cleaner Cars

Cars are the world's biggest air polluters. But scientists are trying to in­vent cars that pollute less. Farmers in Illinois are try­ing a fuel in their tractors made from soybeans. And there are electric minivans being used in at least six U.S. cities.

Trash

In 1993, each person in the United States threw away about four pounds (1.8 kg) of trash daily. Put it all together and you'd fill 45,000 trash trucks every day! About 1/3 of this waste comes from packaging. But here's a bit of good news. Some compa­nies have begun to use less packaging. And lot of U.S. cities have started recy­cling projects. In these ways we've begun making less trash. Everyone should look at what they throw away and try to throw away less.

So, dear world, you may be covered with dirt and gasping for air. But many people are working hard to fix you, and many kids are rooting for you, too. By the time these kids have grown up, you may do your clean old self again!

ATTENTION!

Dear Students!

Take care of your motherland! Don’t cut the wild flowers. They may all disappear. Plant one oak tree a year. From one oak a forest grows. It is very simple. Put one acorn (желудь) into the land. Never throw or break glass bottles. You damage the land. Take only what you need from the land. Give more to the land than what you take.

Dmitry S. Krukov

HEALTH

AT THE DOCTOR’S

I. Remember the following words and word combinations:

1) body – 2) head – 3) throat – 4) heart – 5) lungs – 6) stomach – 7) shoulder – 8) chest – 9) back – 10) arm (hand) – 11) finger – 12) leg – 13) foot (feet) – 14) knee – 15) toe – 16) tongue – 17) nursing centers – 18) health resorts – 19) disease – 20) to take care of – 21) to avoid – 22) cough – 23) to examine – 24) to listen to – 25) to suffer from – 26) to X-ray – 27) to prescribe – 28) gargle – 29) temperature – 30) blood – 31) treatment – 32) to recover – 33) ambulance – 34) to cure – 35) ward – 36) indigestion – 37) injection – 38) insomnia – 39) surgery – 40) sore throat -

тело голова горло сердце легкие живот плечо грудная клетка спина рука (кисть) палец нога нога (ступня) колено палец ноги язык родильный дом санатории болезнь заботиться избежать кашлять изучать, исследовать слушать страдать от делать рентген предписывать полоскание температура кровь лечение выздоравливать машина скорой помощи лечить палата несварение желудка инъекция бессонница хирургия больное горло

II. Read the text:

At the Doctor’s

Health is the most important thing in every person’s life. A large number of clinics, hospitals, nursing centers and health resorts take care of our health. But no matter how hard we try to avoid diseases, sometimes we can’t do it.

In winter, for example, we often catch cold and have the flu. As a result we have a splitting headache, a cold in the head, cough, and we are running a high temperature. Our whole body aches, so we must consult the doctor.

First the doctor examines the patient’s throat, listens to his heart and lungs, feels his pulse and blood pressure, and takes his temperature. The doctor asks what the trouble is, what diseases we suffered from in the childhood, and sometimes he sends us to some other specialists who will check up our stomach, eyesight, and hearing. The others will make our blood analysis, take our blood pressure and X-ray us. And then the district doctor fills the card and diagnoses the case. Then he prescribes a gargle and cough medicines: pills, powder, drops, and mixture. He also advises us to put a hot water bottle to our feet, to put mustard plasters, and to have hot tea with honey and raspberry jam. That would keep the temperature down. We should take care of ourselves and if we follow the prescribed treatment, we will recover soon without any complications.

In case of a sudden and severe illness or an accident calls are made to the first aid station. There the doctors are on duty all day long. There are many ambulances equipped with everything necessary to give the first aid. The patient is transported to hospital. There he is taken to the reception ward first. After questioning and examination the doctor fills in the patient’s case history. Then a patient is given special clothes and is put to some ward for treatment. The doctors make their daily round there. They examine patients and prescribe different medicines and treatments. And only when a patient is completely cured, he is discharged from the hospital.

In order to avoid diseases we must go in for sports because sports make us strong, healthy and cheerful.

III. Translate the word combinations into English:

больницы и родильные дома; отдыхать в санаториях; избежать несчастного случая; заботиться о здоровье; изучать горло пациента; слушать сердце; страдать от кашля; сделать рентген грудной клетки; полоскать горло; кровяное давление; вызвать скорую помощь; выписать из больницы; выписать лекарство; быстро выздоравливать.

IV. Match the words:

1. to catch cold 2. to have the flu 3. to have a splitting headache 4. to have a cold in the head 5. to be running a high temperature 6. to feel smb’s pulse 7. to take smb’s temperature 8. to make smb’s blood analysis 9. to take smb’s blood pressure 10. to diagnose the case 11. to prescribe a medicine 12. to put a hot water bottle 13. to keep the temperature down 14. to give the first aid 15. to avoid diseases 16. to put mustard plasters 17. to recover without complications 18. to go in for sports

a) загрипповать b) иметь насморк c) иметь повышенную температуру d) оказать первую помощь e) пощупать пульс f) избежать болезней g) иметь раскалывающуюся головную боль h) сделать анализ крови i) выписать лекарство j) простыть k) измерить кровяное давление l) измерить температуру m) заниматься спортом n) поставить диагноз o) поставить горчичники p) поставить горячую грелку q) выздороветь без осложнений r) сбить температуру

V. Read the sentences and translate the Russian words and word combinations into English:

a) A large number of clinics, hospitals, (роддомов и санаториев) (заботятся о нашем здоровье). But no matter how hard we try (избежать болезни), sometimes we can’t do it.

b) We often (простываем) and (гриппуем). As a result (у нас раскалывается голова, насморк, кашель), and (у нас повышенная температура).

c) First the doctor (осматривает горло пациента, слушает его сердце и легкие, измеряет его пульс и кровяное давление, и измеряет его температуру).

d) The others (сделают анализ крови, измерят кровяное давление и сделают рентген) us and only then the doctor (поставит диагноз).

e) The doctor usually (выписывает лекарство от кашля) and advises us (ставить грелку) to our feet, (поставить горчичники, полоскать горло), and to have (горячий чай с медом и малиновым вареньем), that would (сбить температуру).

f) If we follow the (предписанное лечение), we (выздоравливаем без осложнений).

g) There are (много машин скорой помощи) equipped with everything necessary (чтобы оказать первую помощь).

VI. Make up the questions to the following answers:

a) Health. b) In winter. c) Pills, powder and a gargle. d) To consult the doctor. e) If we follow the prescribed treatment.

f) Go in for sport. g) A doctor. h) Raspberry jam and honey. i) In health resorts. j) No, I didn’t.

VII. Dialogues