Problems facing teenagers and youth
I. PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION
NAME
| TYPES OF REAL NAMES | |||
| 1. | first name, n = given name, n = forename, n /'fɔːˌneɪm/ We knew him only by his first name. | a name that precedes the family name or surname | ім’я |
| 2. | be on first name terms (with somebody), v phr (BrE) =be on a first name basis, v phr(AE) She was on first-name terms with many of the board directors. | friendly and familiar enough with someone to call that person by their first name | бути на ти |
| 3. | call somebody by one’s first name, v phr They have always called him by his first name. | to address someone by their first name | звертатися до кого-небудь на ім’я; називати на ім’я |
| 4. | Christian name, n /'krɪstʃənˌneɪm/ | ||
| 1) Her Christian name is Elizabeth. | 1) someone’s first name, or other name they have been given that is different from their family name | 1) ім’я | |
| = baptismal name, n 2) She used to call us by our Christian names. | 2) a personal name formally given to Christians at christening | 2) ім’я, отримане під час хрещення | |
| 5. | middle name, n | ||
| 1) Nobody here knows his middle name. | 1) a name between a person’s first name and surname | 1) друге (або середнє) ім’я (у американців, англійців тощо) | |
| 2) Caution is my middle name. | 2) a characteristic quality for which a person is known | 2) характерна риса | |
| 6. | patronymic, n /ˌpætrə'nɪmɪk/ | ||
| 1) The man knows all his colleagues by their names and patronymics. | 1) a name derived from the first name of its bearer’s father and used after a person’s first name | 1) ім’я по-батькові | |
| 2) The patronymic Williamson originated from “son of William”, while Macdonald meant “son of Donald”. | 2) a family name derived from the name of its bearer’s father or paternal ancestor, especially be adding a suffix or prefix indication descent | 2) прізвище, утворене від імені предка або батька | |
| 7. | maiden name, n The woman decided to keep her maiden name after her marriage. | a woman’s surname before her marriage | дівоче прізвище |
| 8. | last name, n = second name, n = family name, n = surname, n /'sɜː(r)ˌneɪm/ He doesn’t like to be called by his last name. | the name that a person has in common with other family members | прізвище |
| 9. | full name, n The clerk asked Linda to give her full name. | a person’s whole name, including his/ her first name, middle name/ patronymic and last name | повне ім’я |
| 10. | initials, n /ɪ'nɪʃ(ə)lz/ Finally he wrote his initials at the bottom of the page. | the first letters of a person’s name | ініціали |
| 11. | name/ call (someone) after (someone/ something), phr v Albert was named after his grandfather. | to give someone or something the same name as someone or something else, especially the same first name as a member of your family | називати на честь кого-небудь/ чого-небудь |
| 12. | by the name of something, n phr There he met a soldier by the name of William Bayne. | called something | на ім’я |
| 13. | by name only, adv phr They know her boyfriend by name only. | not personally, by repute | не особисто, заочно |
| 14. | namesake, n /'neɪmˌseɪk/ The friends turned out to be namesakes. | a person or thing with the same name as someone or something else | тезко/ тезка |
| 15. | name day, n She has never celebrated her name day. | a special day celebrated each year in honour of the particular saint that a person is named after | іменини; день ангела |
| TYPES OF ASSUMED NAMES | |||
| 16. | assumed name, n /əˌsjuːmd'neɪm/ He has been working under an assumed name for six years. | a name that a person uses to hide his or her identity and conceal his or her activity | вигадане ім’я |
| 17. | alias, n /'eɪlɪəs/ In Paris she lived under the alias Zora Monro. | an assumed name | вигадане ім’я |
| 18. | nickname, n /'nɪkˌneɪm/ The classmates gave him a very funny nickname. | an informal name for someone or something, especially a name that you are called by your friends or family, usually based on your real name or your character | прізвисько |
| 19. | pet name, n Her grandmother always calls her by a pet name. | a name or a term of address used to express affection for a person, thing, etc. | зменшувально-пестливе ім’я |
| 20. | pen name, n The playwright wrote his numerous plays under a pen name. | a name chosen by a writer to use instead of using his or her real name when publishing books | письменницький псевдонім |
| 21. | pseudonym, n /'sjuːdənɪm/ A young writer decided to write under a pseudonym. | a name someone uses instead of their real name, especially on a written work | псевдонім |
| 22. | stage name, n We know this actress only by her stage name. | the name different from his or her real name that an actor or performer is publicly known by | сценічний псевдонім |
| 23. | call (someone) names, v phr Billy cried when the other kids called him names. | to call someone by an abusive or insulting name | ображати, обзивати |
| 24. | under the name of, n phr The critics praised the detective stories written under the name of Kramer. | using the false name of | під іменем |
| 25. | in the name of, n phr | ||
| 1) In the name of mercy, stop that screaming! | 1) with appeal to | 1) в ім’я | |
| 2) Open, in the name of the law! | 2) by the authority of | 2) іменем | |
| 3) Here you can’t purchase anything in the name of another. | 3) on behalf of | 3) від імені | |
| 4) It was the money deposited in the name of his son. | 4) under the name or possession of | 4) від імені; під іменем | |
| 26. | in name only, adv phr Theirs was a marriage in name only. | something that exists in name only has an official name, but has none of the qualities that you think of when you hear that name | лише номінально |
| 27. | in all but name, n phr This young man was the vice-president in all but name. | existing as a fact but not officially described that way | фактично, де факто, на ділі |
| 28. | drop names, v phr The boss was in the habit of dropping names. | to mention a name or the names of important or famous people (often as if they were personal friends) in order to impress the listener | “козиряти” відомими іменами; фамільярно згадувати славетні імена |
| 29. | good name, n Her friends did their utmost to protect her good name. | the good opinion that people have of someone or something [= reputation] | гарна репутація; добре ім’я (особи) |
FAMILY
| TYPES AND KINDS OF FAMILIES | |||
| 1. | nuclear family, n /'njuːklɪəˌfæm(ə)lɪ/ They were a nuclear family of three. | a social unit composed of two parents and one or more children; a core of an extended family | мала родина; нуклеарна родина; родина, що складається з батьків і дітей |
| 2. | immediate family, n /ɪ'miːdɪət ˌfæm(ə)lɪ/ The rest of her immediate family lived in Madrid. | the members of the family who are most closely related to somebody, for example one’s parents, children, brothers and sisters | найближчі родичі |
| 3. | extended family, n /ɪk'stendɪd ˌfæm(ə)lɪ/ Yesterday our new groupmate told about the structure of his extended family. | a type of family in which relatives in addition to parents and children (such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins) live in a single household | велика родина; розширена родина (яка включає, крім батьків, дітей, також найближчих родичів) |
| 4. | one-parent family, n (BrE) = single-parent family, n (AE) The film star grew up in a one-parent family. | a family in which only one parent lives in the home and looks after the children | неповна сім’я |
| 5. | two-parent family, n The tutor dwelled on the advantages of two-parent families. | a family consisting of a mother, a father and at least one dependent child | повна сім’я |
| 6. | close-knit family, n The girl was very proud of her close-knit family. | a family, members of which have strong relationships with each other and take a close, friendly interest in each other’s activities and problems | міцна родина, згуртована родина |
| 7. | tight-knit family, n Theodore was born to a tight-knit family. | a family, members of which are bound together by strong relationships and common interests | згуртована родина, дружна родина |
| 8. | large family, n He loves being a member of a large family. | a group of people linked by blood, adoptive, or marital ties, or the common-law equivalent, that is of a greater than average quantity | велика родина |
| 9. | huge family, n All these noisy people made up a huge family. | a group of people linked by blood, adoptive, or marital ties, or the common-law equivalent, that is of exceedingly great quantity | величезна родина |
| 10. | childless family, n Childless families have no child-related expenses. | a family that does not have any children | бездітна сім’я |
| 11. | adoptive family, n /ə'dɒptɪvˌfæm(ə)lɪ/ He was brought up by adoptive family in London. | a family that adopts a child of other parents as its own child | прийомна сім’я |
| 12. | foster family, n The man was brought up in a foster family. | a family, members of which are not the child’s/ children’s legal parents, but who take care of a child/ children, usually for a limited time | названа сім’я, прийомна сім'я |
| 13. | well-off family, n The singer grew up in a well-off family. | a family that has a lot of money, or enough money to have a good standard of living | заможна сім’я |
| 14. | low-income family, n phr They offer rental vouchers to those low-income families who are struggling with their housing expenses. | a family that does not have or earn much money | малозабезпечена сім’я |
| 15. | hard-up family, n phr Some of the pupils are from hard-up families. | a family greatly in need of something, especially money | бідна сім’я; сім’я у скрутному становищі |
| FAMILY TIES | |||
| 16. | family ties, n pl Their family ties are rather weak. | a bond or connection between family members | сімейні узи |
| 17. | family structure, n phr They decided to study their family structure. | the composition and membership of the family and the organization and patterning of relationships among individual family members | склад родини |
| 18. | parent, n /'pɛərənt/ Her parents have always shared the household duties. | a father or a mother | батько/ мати |
| 19. | stepfather, n /'stepˌfɑːðə/ / stepmother, n /'stepˌmʌðə/ The boys live with their mother and stepfather. | the man/ woman who is married to someone’s mother/ father but who is not their biological father/ mother | вітчим/ мачуха |
| 20. | stepchild, n | ||
| 1) The girl is a stepchild to a celebrity. | 1) a child of one’s husband or wife by a previous marriage | 1) нерідна дитина; пасинок; пасербиця | |
| 2) The longest time, children’s books were considered the stepchild of publishing. | 2) any person, project etc, that is not properly treated, supported, or appreciated | 2) нелюба дитина | |
| 21. | stepbrother, n/ stepsister, n The police decided to contact her stepsister first. | one’s stepfather’s son/ daughter or stepmother’s son/ daughter by a previous marriage | зведений брат/ зведена сестра |
| 22. | half brother, n/ half sister, n He is half brother to my neighbour. | a brother/ sister to whom one is biologically related through one parent only | зведений брат/ сестра; неповнорідний брат/ неповнорідна сестра |
| 23. | foster-child, n Her five year old foster-child burst into tears. | a child raised by someone who is not its natural or adoptive parent | вихованець, годованець |
| 24. | foster-mother, n/ foster-father, n The man was a foster-father to three cute children. | a woman/ man who acts as a mother/ father and guardian for a child in place of the child’s natural mother/ father but without legally adopting a child | названа мати, годувальниця/ названий батько |
| 25. | orphan, n /'ɔːf(ə)n/ 1) He died at the age of 39 and left his two children orphans. | 1) a child who has lost both parents or, less commonly, one parent through death, | 1) сирота |
| 2) The committee is an orphan of the previous administration. | 2) a person or thing that is without protective affiliation, sponsorship, etc | 2) хтось (щось) позбавлений підтримки | |
| 26. | adopted child, n They have raised an adopted child. | a child who has been legally taken by another family to be taken care of as their own child | прийомна дитина |
| 27. | adopt a child, v phr The family adopted a three year old child from Cambodia. | to legally take another person’s child into one’s own family and take care of him or her as one’s own child | усиновляти/ удочеряти |
| 28. | only child, n Being an only child has its pros and cons. | a person who has no sisters or brothers, either biological or adopted | єдина дитина в сім’ї |
| 29. | sibling, n Her elder sibling was an architect. | a person’s brother or sister | рідний брат або рідна сестра; суро́дженик, суро́дженець |
| 30. | twins, n The woman was expecting twins. | two children born at the same birth to the same mother | близнята |
| 31. | twin, n (also adj) They heard a lot about his curious twin. | either of two children born at the same birth to the same mother | один із близнят |
| 32. | triplets, n /'trɪpləts/ The young woman gave birth to triplets. | three children born at the same birth to the same mother | трійня |
| 33. | triplet, n (also adj) Nobody in the town has seen the third triple. The parents were proud of their triplet sons. | either of three children born at the same birth to the same mother | один із трійні |
| 34. | quadruplets, n /'kwɒdrʊpləts/, /kwɒ'druːpləts/ = quads, n (infml) /'kwɒdz/ The man turned out to be the father of quadruplets. | four children born at the same birth to the same mother | четверня |
| 35. | quadruplet, n /'kwɒdrʊplət/, /kwɒ'druːplət/ = quad, n /'kwɒd/ (also adj) The tiniest quad was blue-eyed. | either of four children born at the same birth to the same mother | один із четверні |
| 36. | blood brother/sister,n=full brother/sister, n | ||
| 1) I didn’t know you had a blood sister. | 1) a brother/ sister by birth | рідний брат/ рідна сестра, повнорідний брат/ повнорідна сестра | |
| 2) The men vowed mutual fidelity and become blood brothers. | 2) a male person bound to another by ties of great friendship; a female bound to another one in commitment and friendship by a ceremonial mingling of blood | побратим, відданий друг/ подруга | |
| 37. | blood relative, n The celebrity has a few blood relatives. | a person who is related to another through a common ancestor, and not merely by marriage or adoption | кровний родич |
| 38. | near relative/ relation, n =close relative, n We invited all our near relatives to the party. | a member of your family who has a very close relationship to you, such as a parent or sister | близький родич |
| 39. | next of kin, n We cannot release the names of the soldiers who were killed until we have informed their next of kin. | a person’s nearest relative or relatives | найближчий родич |
| 40. | distant relative, n A distant relative of hers became the winner of the national lottery. | a member of a family who is not closely related | далекий родич |
| SINGLE, BETROTHED AND MARIED | |||
| 41. | single, adj /'sɪŋɡ(ə)l/ Her brother remained single until the age of 30. | unmarried or not in a romantic relationship | неодружений, неодружена |
| 42. | bachelor, n /'bætʃələ/ Brandon was considered to be a confirmed bachelor. | a man who has never been married; an unmarried man | холостяк |
| 43. | old maid, n= spinster, n These two were followed by their spinster friends. | an unmarried woman, typically an older woman beyond the usual age for marriage | стара діва; незаміжня жінка, дівиця |
| 44. | betrothed, adj /bɪ'trəʊðd/ (also n) = engaged,adj /ɪn'geɪʤd/ She was betrothed to his brother. | engaged to be married to someone | заручений; засватаний |
| 45. | bride, n He made her his bride. | a woman who is getting married, or who has recently married | наречена, молода |
| 46. | groom, n They were looking forward to meeting the mother of the groom. | a man who is about to get married or has just got married | наречений, молодий |
| 47. | fiancé, n /fɪ'ɒnseɪ/ (BrE), /fɪ'ɑːn(t)seɪ/ (AE) Her daughter’s fiancé is a doctor. | a man engaged to be married | наречений |
| 48. | fiancée, n /fɪ'ɒnseɪ/ (BrE), /fɪ'ɑːn(t)seɪ/ (AE) His fiancée’s parents have been living in Italy since 2000. | a woman engaged to be married | наречена |
| 49. | spouse-to be, n /'spaʊs tə ˈbiː/ The friends shared their ideas of their spouses-to be. | a person’s future husband or wife | майбутній чоловік/ майбутня дружина |
| 50. | hen night/party, n (BrE)= bachelorette party, n /ˌbæʧələ'ret/ (AE) I was the only one of her college friends to attend the hen party, which I enjoyed. | a party for a woman who is going to get married, to which only her female friends are invited | дівич-вечір |
| 51. | stag night/party, n (BrE)=bachelor party, n (AE) Her husband to be, Graham, had opted not to have a stag night and we were onto the relative pros and cons of this. | a party for a man who is going to get married, to which only his male friends are invited | парубоцька вечірка |
| 52. | prenuptial agreement, n /priːˌnʌpʃ(ə)l əˈɡriːmənt/ (infl prenup) He asked her to sign a prenuptial agreement when they got engaged. | an official document signed by two people before they get married that says what will happen to their possessions and/or children if they divorce | шлюбний контракт |
| 53. | dowry, n /'daʊrɪ/ The dowry of his wife amounted to fifty thousand dollars. | money and property that, in some cultures, a woman’s family gives to her husband when they get married | придане, посаг |
| 54. | married, adj They have been married for 25 years. | joined in marriage; having a husband or a wife | одружений, одружена |
| 55. | marriage, n /'mærɪdʒ/ In an arranged marriage, the bride and the groom are selected by a third party rather than by each other. | a legally accepted relationship between two people in which they live together, or the official ceremony that results in this | шлюб, заміжжя, одруження, шлюбна церемонія, весілля |
| 56. | get married, v phr Her neighbours got married in their twenties. | to enter into marriage | одружитися |
| 57. | marry, v /'mærɪ/ | ||
| 1) They married a month after they met. | 1) to enter into marriage | 1) одружитися | |
| 2) She married him two years ago. | 2) to take as a spouse | 2) одружитися з кимось | |
| 3) They married their daughter to a nobleman. | 3) to give in marriage | 3) віддати заміж; оженити | |
| 4) The rabbi married the couple. | 4) to perform a marriage ceremony for | 4) здійснити для когось церемонію одруження | |
| 5) She has always wanted to marry money. | 5) to obtain by marriage | 5) отримати шляхом одруження | |
| 58. | newlywed, n The couple were given a special discount for newlyweds. | a recently married person | молодий/ молода |
| 59. | spouse, n /'spaʊs/ Both spouses stayed at home at the weekend. | a person’s partner in marriage; a person’s husband or wife | чоловік/ дружина |
| 60. | husband, n /'hʌzbənd/ Her jealous husband wondered where she had been. | a woman’s partner in marriage; a married man | чоловік |
| 61. | wife, n He married his wife Jane sixteen years ago. | a man’s partner in marriage; a married woman | дружина |
| IN-LAWS | |||
| 62. | in-law, n She was not in the habit of spending her holiday with her in-laws. | a relative by marriage | родич чоловіка/ родич дружини |
| 63. | parent-in-law, n He had complete faith that what his parent-in-law did was right. | the father or mother of one’s wife or husband | батько або мати дружини або чоловіка |
| 64. | mother-in-law, n She has already, through her future mother-in-law, heard of a place that will suit her. | the mother of one’s wife or husband | свекруха; теща |
| 65. | father-in-law, n Your father-in-law called me last night, by the way, to tell me that he was coming to the ceremony. | the father of one’s wife or husband | свекор; тесть |
| 66. | daughter-in-law, n The woman had three daughters-in-law. | the wife of one’s son | невістка |
| 67. | son-in-law, n Nick will soon become the CEO’s son-in-law. | the husband of one’s daughter | зять |
| 68. | sister-in-law, n She presented her sister-in-law with a necklace. | the sister of one’s spouse; the wife of one’s sibling; the wife of the sibling of one’s spouse | невістка (братова), зовиця, своячка |
| 69. | brother-in-law, n Her adventurous brother-in-law is fond of surfing. | the brother of one’s spouse; the husband of one’s sibling; the husband of the sibling of one’s spouse | зять (чоловік сестри), шурин, дівер, свояк |
| WIDOWED, SEPARATED AND DIVORCED | |||
| 70. | widow, n /'wɪdəʊ/ His property had been left to his widow. | a woman whose spouse has died and who has not remarried | вдова |
| 71. | widower, n /'wɪdəʊə/ Ten years later her widower remarried. | a man whose spouse has died and who has not remarried | вдівець |
| 72. | separate, v 1) Her parents separated when she was very young. | 1) to stop living together as a couple | 1) розлучатися, розходитися, жити нарізно |
| 2) She was separated from her husband last year. | 2) to cause (one person) to stop living with another, or to cause (a couple) to stop living together, often by decree | 2) розлучити | |
| 73. | separation, n | ||
| 1) The couple could hardly bear so long a separation. | 1) the condition of being apart, especially the condition of two people, who had lived together or been married, living in different places | 1) окреме проживання (про подружжя) | |
| 2) Her only regret was for a partial separation from friends. | 2) the act of separation or state of being separated | 2) розлука | |
| 74. | split up, prh v The couple split up after a year of marriage. | to part or separate, as through disagreement | розійтися, розлучитися |
| 75. | divorced, adj /dɪ'vɔːst/ The politician was twice divorced. | having had one’s marriage legally dissolved | розлучений, розлучена |
| 76. | divorcé, n /dɪˌvɔː'siː/ Romano plays recent divorcé Joe Tranelli, a former pro golfer. | a man who has been divorced and who has not married again | розлучений |
| 77. | divorcee, n /dɪˌvɔː'siː/ (BrE) =divorcée, n /dɪˌvɔː'siː/ (AE) In 2007, the couple divorced, making Solange a 20-year-old divorcée with a 3-year-old son. | a divorced person, especially a woman who has been divorced and who has not married again | розлучена особа, розлучена жінка |
| 78. | divorce, v | ||
| 1) Can a police officer legally divorce a couple? | 1) to separate by divorce | 1) розлучити | |
| 2) Tom is going to divorce his abusive wife. | 2) to break the marriage contract between oneself and one’s spouse by divorce | 2) розлучитися з | |
| divorce, n 3) The actress was happy to get a divorce from her husband. | 3) the dissolution of a marriage by a judgment of a court or by an accepted custom | 3) розлучення | |
| 79. | ex-husband, n The woman didn’t keep in touch with her second ex-husband. | a man to whom a woman was formerly married but from whom she has now been divorced | колишній чоловік |
| 80. | ex-wife, n He hasn’t heard from his ex-wife since they divorced. | a woman to whom a man was formerly married but from whom he has now been divorced | колишня дружина |
| PATERNAM AND MATERNAM RELATIVES | |||
| 81. | paternal, adj | ||
| 1) He has always taken a paternal interest in her. | 1) relating to or characteristic of a father or a fatherhood, fatherly | 1) батьківський | |
| 2) Kelly spent her holidays at her paternal aunt’s. | 2) related through one’s father | 2) родинний по батькові | |
| 3) The shape of his nose is paternal – looks just like his father’s. | 3) received or inherited from one’s father | 3) успадкований від батька | |
| 82. | on father’s side, n phr She has many cousins on her father’s side of the family. | in the line of descent through the father | по батьковій лінії |
| 83. | maternal, adj | ||
| 1) Her feelings towards him were maternal. | 1) relating to or characteristic of a mother or a motherhood, motherly | 1) материнський | |
| 2) Her maternal grandmother is still alive. | 2) related through one’s mother | 2) родинний по матері | |
| 3) Maternal genes dominate in developing brains, while paternal ones lead in adulthood. | 3) received or inherited from one’s mother | 3) успадкований від матері | |
| 84. | on mother’s side, n phr Now she’s staying at her grandparents on her mother’s side. | in the line of descent through the mother | по материній лінії |
| 85. | grandparent, n /'ɡræn(d)ˌpɛərənt/ (grandfather, n / grandmother, n) The children are going to spend a weekend with their grandparents in the countryside. | the father or mother of a person’s father or mother | дідусь або бабуся |
| 86. | grandchild, n (grandson, n/ granddaughter, n) The elderly couple has the only grandchild. | a child of one’s son or daughter | онук або онука |
| 87. | great-grandparent, n (great-grandfather, n/great-grandmother, n) The couple became great-grandparents at the age of fifty. | the parent of a grandparent | прадідусь або прабабуся |
| 88. | great-aunt, n What does your great-aunt look like? | an aunt of one’s father or mother, a sister of one’s grandfather or grandmother | двоюрідна бабуся |
| 89. | great-uncle, n A great-uncle of mine is a very quiet man. | an uncle of one’s father or mother, a brother of one’s grandfather or grandmother | двоюрідний дідусь |
| 90. | cousin, n /'kʌz(ə)n/ = first cousin, n =full cousin, n She is known to be first cousin to a celebrity. | a child of one’s aunt or uncle | двоюрідний брат або двоюрідна сестра; кузен або кузина |
| 91. | second cousin, n The second cousin of my mother’s has just moved into a new flat. | a child of a first cousin of one’s parent | троюрідний брат або троюрідна сестра |
| 92. | third cousin, n My third cousin is going to spend a week in the USA. | a child of a second cousin of one’s parent | четвероюрідний брат або четвероюрідна сестра |
| 93. | forty-second cousin, n To be honest, I hardly know my forty-second cousins. | any relative too distantly placed to be identified exactly | далекий родич; “десята (сьома) вода на киселі” |
| 94. | aunt, n /'ɑːnt/ Nick’s aged aunt sends him money every year. | a sister of one’s father or mother; an uncle’s wife | тітка |
| 95. | uncle, n /'ʌŋk(ə)l/ They have four uncles on their father’s side. | a brother of one’s father or mother; an aunt’s husband | дядько |
| 96. | nephew, n /'nefjuː/, /'nevjuː/ His two-year-old nephew is playing in the yard now. | a son of one’s brother or sister; a son of one’s spouse’s brother or sister | племінник |
| 97. | niece, n /'niːs/ Her small pretty niece enjoys dancing. | a daughter of one’s brother or sister; a daughter of one’s spouse’s brother or sister | племінниця |
| GODPARENTS AND GODCHILDREN | |||
| 98. | godparent, n (godfather, n/godmother, n) She wants them to become godparents to one of her twins. | a person who presents a child at baptism and promises to take responsibility for their religious education | хрещений батько або хрещена мати |
| 99. | godchild, n (godson, n/goddaughter, n) He is involved in the life of his godchild and they like to have fun together. | in the Christian religion, a child whose moral and religious development is partly the responsibility of two or more godparents | хрещеник або хрещениця |
| 100. | baptise/baptize, v /bæp'taɪz/ | ||
| 1) I think your mother was baptized a Catholic. | 1) to make someone officially a member of the Christian Church in a service of baptism | 1) хрестити; здійснювати обряд хрещення | |
| 2) He was baptized Joshua. | 2) to name a child when it is baptized | 2) давати ім’я, нарікати | |
| USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES | |||
| 101. | ancestor, n /'ænsestə/ We learnt a lot about our common ancestor. | someone who is related to you who lived a long time ago [= forefather] | предок, прабатько |
| 102. | descendant, n /dɪ'sendənt/ He turned out to be a descendant of Queen Victoria. | someone who is related to a person who lived a long time ago, or to a family, group of people etc that existed in the past | нащадок |
| 103. | offspring, n /'ɒfˌsprɪŋ/ Tom’s sister came over on Saturday with all her offspring. | someone’s child or children | нащадок, нащадки, потомство |
| 104. | pedigree, n /'pedɪɡriː/ 1) He was a gentleman of honourable pedigree. | 1) someone’s parents and other family members from the past, especially in families of a high social class | 1) родовід |
| 2) She has long wanted to make up her detailed pedigree. | 2) a genealogical table, a chart of ancestors; a family tree to show ancestral history | 2) генеалогічне дерево | |
| 105. | come from, phr v The twins come from a tight-knit family. | to belong to a particular type of family or social group | походити з |
| 106. | belong to, phr v /bɪ'lɒŋ/ The poet belongs to an ancient family. | to come from or be part of a group of similar things or people | належати до; походити з |
| 107. | to marry into, phr v She wants to marry into a wealthy family. | to become a member of a family by marriage | стати членом певної сім’ї в результаті шлюбу |
| 108. | bring up, phr v The girl was brought up by her grandmother. | to look after a child until he or she becomes an adult; to teach a child to behave in a particular way | виростити, виховувати |
| 109. | raise, v /'reɪz/ The orphans were raised by their grandparent. | to take care of child/ children while they are growing up | виховувати, ростити, вирощувати |
| 110. | spoil, v | балувати | |
| 1) They spoilt their children only at the weekend. | 1) to give a child everything that they ask for and not enough discipline in a way that has a bad effect on their character and behaviour | ||
| 2) She spoilt herself with a weekend in a top hotel. | 2) to make somebody/ yourself happy by doing something special | ||
| 111. | relationship, n | ||
| 1) Lack of trust is very destructive in a relationship. | 1) a connection between people; the way in which two or more people feel and behave towards each other | 1) відносини | |
| 2) Yesterday they ended their year-long relationship. | 2) an emotional or romantic affair | 2) стосунки | |
| 3) She claims relationship to a famous politician. | 3) a connection between people by blood or marriage | 3) родинний зв’язок | |
| 112. | establish a relationship with somebody, v phr Annie has established a very close relationship with her mother. | to set up a connection with somebody | встановити стосунки з |
| 113. | be in touch with, v phr = keep in touch with, v phr Bob keeps in touch with his distant relatives. | to communicate or continue to communicate with someone by using a phone or writing to them | підтримувати стосунки з |
| 114. | lose touch with someone, v phr They lost touch with their cousins over the years. | to stop communicating with someone, usually because they do not live near a person now | втратити зв’язок з |
AGE
| CHILDHOOD | |||
| 1. | childhood, n The man spent his childhood in a little town. | the time or state of being a child | дитинство |
| 2. | newborn, adj The newborn boys were often noisy. | recently or just born | новонароджений |
| 3. | baby, n His wife has just had a baby. | a very young child, especially one that has not yet begun to walk and talk | дитина |
| 4. | infant, n The old woman seemed to be as helpless as an infant. | a child during the earliest period of its life, especially before he or she can walk | немовля |
| 5. | toddler, n /'tɒdlə/ The woman had a toddler with her. | a young child, usually one between the ages of one and two and a half; a young child learning to walk | дитина, що починає ходити |
| 6. | child, n = kid, n (infml) | дитина, дитя | |
| 1) He was thinking about a present for his friend’s child. | 1) a person between birth and full growth | ||
| 2) Her youngest child is five years old. | 2) a son or daughter | ||
| 7. | at one’s mother’s (orfather’s) knee, n phr She learned to knit at her mother’s knee. | at an early age | у ранньому віці |
| 8. | preschooler, n /'priːˌskuːlə/ Today’s average preschooler has been exposed to electronic media since birth. | a child below the official school starting age, usually a child up to age five | дитина дошкільного віку |
| ADOLESCENCE | |||
| 9. | adolescent, n /ˌædə'les(ə)nt/ Adolescents often quarrel with their parents. | a young person who has undergone puberty but who has not reached full maturity; being of the age 13 through 19 | підліток, юнак або дівчина підліткового віку |
| 10. | youth, n /'juːθ/ | ||
| 1) He was rebellious in his youth. | 1) the time of being young; early life | 1) молодість | |
| 2) Gangs of youths broke the windows and looted the shops. | 2) a young person, especially a young man or male adolescent | 2) юнак, дівчина | |
| 3) Youth everywhere is rising in revolt. | 3) young people collectively | 3) молодь | |
| 11. | teenager, n = teen, n The TV program is aimed at teenagers. | a person between the ages of 13 and 19 | підліток |
| 12. | teenage, adj = teen, adj None of the attempts to explain why teenage cults happen have been entirely convincing. | of or relating to the time in a person’s life between the ages of 13 and 19 inclusive | підлітковий, юнацький, юний |
| 13. | in one’s teens, n phr He was in his teens when he first went abroad. | a person 13 through 19 years of age | у підлітковому віці |
| 14. | youngster, n Pop stars are role models for many youngsters. | a young person, usually an older child | молода людина, молодий юнак, молода дівчина |
| 15. | minor, n /'maɪnə/ He was happy to be no longer a minor. | a person under the legal age of full responsibility | неповнолітній |
| 16. | underage, adj Preventive measures to halt the sale of alcohol to those underage has been a success in the country. | being not old enough for full legal rights and responsibilities | неповнолітній |
| 17. | of age, n phr The money was held in trust until he came of age. | being old enough for full legal rights and responsibilities | повнолітній |
| 18. | come of age, v phr Of all the kids who come of age this year, how many will actually vote? | reach adult status (in UK law at 18, formerly 21) | досягати повноліття |
| 19. | call-up age, n Four young men of call-up age entered the room. | the age at which men get an order to go to military service | призовний вік |
| ADULTHOOT | |||
| 20. | adult, n /'ædʌlt/ (BrE), /ə'dʌlt/ (AE) There were five of them, two being adults and three young ones. | one who has attained maturity or legal age | дорослий, повнолітній, зріла людина |
| 21. | grown-up, n Being a grown-up is harder than it looks. | a fully-grown person; an adult | дорослий, доросла людина |
| 22. | middle-aged, adj The middle-aged handsome man was her neighbour. | being roughly between 45 and 65 years old | середнього віку |
| 23. | ripe age, n = old age, n His grandfather lived to a ripe age. | advanced in years | зрілий вік; глибока старість |
| 24. | retired, adj /rɪ'taɪəd/ Her father is retired now, a retired banker. | withdrawn from office, occupation, or career | людина, яка вийшла на пенсію |
| 25. | pensioner, n /'penʃ(ə)nə/ It was a light vocation for elderly gentlemen and pensioners. | a person who receives or lives on a pension | пенсіонер |
| 26. | OAP (old age pensioner) OAPs get cheaper bus tickets. | a person who receives an old age pension from the state on retiring from regular employment | пенсіонер за віком |
| 27. | elderly, n (also adj) The elderly face social issues around retirement, loneliness, and ageism. | an elderly person | літня людина, людина похилого віку |
| 28. | senile, adj /'siːnaɪl/ Charles was a senile old man who sincerely believed in the abiding of a buried treasure somewhere in the South Sea. | relating to, or characteristic of old age; having or showing the weaknesses or diseases of old age, especially a loss of mental faculties | старечий |
| WORDS AND PHRASES TO DESCRIBE ONE’S AGE | |||
| 29. | age, n Perhaps he has grown wiser with age. | the length of time that a person or thing has existed | вік |
| 30. | lifespan, n The average human lifespan in the developed countries has increased over the last hundred years. | the length of time that a person lives or is expected to live | тривалість життя |
| 31. | same age, n The friends’ children are the same age. | the similar length of time that a person or thing has existed | однаковий вік |
| 32. | peer, n /'pɪə/ Some children are easily influenced by their peers. | a person who is equal to another in age, abilities, qualifications, background, and social status | ровесник, рівня |
| 33. | twice as old, adj phr Her cousin is twice as old as she is. | two times older | вдвічі старший/ старша |
| 34. | junior, adj /'dʒuːnɪə/ My mother is five years my father’s junior | younger in years | молодший |
| 35. | senior, adj /'siːnɪə/ My father is five years my mother’s senior. | older in years | старший |
| 36. | prime of life, n phr He is in the prime of life. | the best years of one’s life, when one is at the peak of one’s powers | розквіт сил |
| 37. | look one’s age, v phr The man was fifty and looked his age. | to appear to be as old as one really is | виглядати на свій вік |
| 38. | look young for one’s age, v phr She was sixty but looked young for her age. | to look younger than a person really is | виглядати молодим для свого віку |
| 39. | look old for one’s age, v phr The worker looks old for his age. | to look older than a person really is | виглядати старим для свого віку |
| 40. | not look a day over, v phr My granny is seventy, but she doesn’t look a day over sixty. | to appear to be no older than a certain age | виглядати не старше певного віку |
| 41. | be taken for twenty, v phr My aunt is thirty-five, but she’s taken for twenty. | to be believed or supposed to be twenty | бути, на чиюсь думку, у віці 20 років |
| 42. | be in one’s early twenties, v phr Bill is in his early twenties. | to be 21-23 years old | бути у віці 21-23 років |
| 43. | be in one’s mid twenties, v phr She is in her mid twenties. | to be 24-26 years old | бути у віці 24-26 років |
| 44. | be in one’s late twenties, v phr They are in their late twenties. | to be 27-29 years old | бути у віці 27-29 років |
| 45. | be (on) the right side of thirty, v phr He is on the right side of thirty. | to be younger than thirty | бути у віці до 30 років |
| 46. | be (on) the wrong side of thirty, v phr Emily is on the wrong side of thirty. | to be older than thirty | бути у віці за 30 років |
| 47. | be about forty, v phr The nurse is about forty. | to be approximately, nearly forty | бути у віці біля 40 років |
| 48. | be fiftyish, v phr The dentist was fiftyish. | to be approximately fifty | бути у віці десь 50 років |
| 49. | She must be fifty if she was a day. | It is probable that she is fifty or not less than fifty. | Їй не менше 50 років. |
| 50. | be long past fifty, v phr The farmer is long past fifty. | to be much older than fifty | бути у віці далеко за 50 |
| 51. | be sixty odd, v phr The software executive is sixty odd. | to be older than sixty | бути у віці 60 років з гаком |
| 52. | turn sixty, v phr She has already turned sixty. | to reach and pass a specified age | виповнитися 60 |
| 53. | live to be seventy, v phr The poet lived to be seventy. | to continue to be alive to the age of seventy | дожити до 70 років |
| 54. | be famed for longevity, v phr /lɒn'dʒevətɪ/ His relatives are famed for their longevity. | to be famous for a long life | бути відомим довгим віком |
| 55. | outlive, v He outlived his wife by five years. | to live longer than somebody | пережити |
| 56. | approach, v = come up to, phr v My grandfather is approaching eighty. | to come near or nearer in age | незабаром виповнитися; наближатися до певного віку |
HOBBIES