V. Make up disjunctive questions

1. Knowledge increased around the fertile valleys of the rivers Nile and Euphrates.

2. Medical treatments included fumigation.

3. Medicine became the job of specialist physician.

4. The doctors were pail for their job.

5. He could cure minor ailments.

VI. Make up alternative questions

1. Around 3000 B.C. knowledge gradually increased in the civilizations that were developing in Egypt.

2. More troublesome diseases were treated by magic.

3. They treat troublesome diseases by magic.

4. Medicine became the job of specialist physicians.

5. They were well paid for their work.

UNIT V

Read the story and translate it.

Greece

During the period around 600 B.C. the medical knowledge built up in Egypt gradually spread to Greece where, for the next few hundred years it was further developed.

Greek warriors knew how to remove an enemy's arrows from their bodies, stop the bleeding and apply healing substances. If a warrior-was lucky and did not develop some form of infection in the wound he would recover to fight another day. Infection was a subject about which nothing was known and many of the wounded died from this cause.

The most useful contributions to Greek medicine were made by the greatphilosophers. Names like Pythagoras - what schoolboy or girl has not heardof him - Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were all connected with the advance of science and medicine. Much of the work they carried out was not improved upon until as late as the 15th century. Some medical treatment was also carried on by priests in the temples but this was generally of the magical rather than the practical kind.

Most important of all the Greek achievements was the ability to diagnose illnesses by observation and deduction, to use powers of reasoning to explain the cause of a disease instead of relying on old superstitious ideas about evil spirits.

II. Retell it contents in English.

III. Answer the following questions.

1. What did Greek warriors know?

2. What did Greek warriors know about medicine?

3. Which names of Greek philosophers do you know?

4. Who made the most useful contributions to Greek medicine?

5. What were their names?

6. Did they use powers of reasoning?

7. Who also carried some medical treatment?

8. What were the most important Greek achievements to World medicine?

9. What wasn’t improved upon until as late as 15th century?

10. Who died from the infection?

IV. True/untrue, correct and write down sentences.

1. Basic knowledge to Greek medicine came from the East.

2. There was a profession of a doctor in Greece.

3. They knew how to fight the infections.

4. The greatest doctors in Greece were philosophers.

5. Much of the work they carried out was not improved for thousands years.

6. Hospitals were in the temples.

7. Greek doctors can diagnose illnesses.

8. They believed that all diseases were caused by evil spirit.

9. Pythagoras – what schoolboy or girl has not heard of him.

10. Some medical treatment was also carried

V. What do you know about Greece? Write down interesting facts.

VI. Make up disjunctive questions

6. Greek warriors knew how to stop the bleeding.

7. Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were all connected with the advance of science and medicine.

8. They knew nothing about infection.

9. Medical knowledge gradually spread to Greece.

10. In Greece knowledge was further developed.

VII. Make up alternative questions

1. Greek warriors knew how to apply healing substances.

2. Many of the wounded died bean infection.

3. Some medical treatment was carried on by priests.

4. They could diagnose illness by observation and deduction.

5. The power of reasoning explaining the cause of disease.

UNIT VI

I. Read the story and translate it.

The Father of Medicine

Of all the Greek doctors, Hippocrates was the most notable. He is often called the Father of Medicine and some of his ideas are still important. Many students who qualify as doctors today take what is known as the Hippocratic Oath; a collection of promises, drawn up by Hippocrates, which forms the basis of our medical code of honour.

Hippocrates of Cos was born about 460 B.C. on the island of Cos off the coast of Asia Minor. He established medical schools in Athens and elsewhere and wrote several books as well as many medical case histories. He believed that disease was a natural process produced by natural causes and should be treated by exercise, massage, salt water baths, diet and suitable medicines. He observed diseases such as pneumonia, pleurisy,

Tuberculosis and malaria, and added to the medical language words like chronic, relapse, crisis and convalescence.

One of Hippocrates' theories was that the body consisted of four 'humours' or fluids; blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. Too much of one fluid, he believed, would cause disease and it was the doctors' job to restore the balance. It was not until some two-thousand years later that the theory was proved incorrect.