Exercise 1. Topic Vocabulary.

Atrium (pl. atria)	[ˈeɪtriəm]	передсердя
Backflow	['bækflǝʋ]	зворотний тік
Blood vessel	[blʌd ˈvɛs(ə)l]	кровоносна судина
Blood flow	[blʌd 'flǝʋ]	кровотік
Сirculatory system	[ˌsɜːkjəˈleɪtəri …]	система кровообігу
Chamber	[’tʃeɪmbər]	камера
To contract	[kǝn'trækt]	скорочуватись
Diaphragm	[ˈdaɪəfræm]	діафрагма
Fist	[fɪst]	кулак
Layer	[ˈleɪər]	шар (слой)
Membrane	[ˈmɛmbreɪn]	оболонка
Oxygen-rich	['ɔksiʤǝn 'riʧ]	насичений киснем
Pulmonary circulation	[ˈpʌlmənəri]	мале коло кровообігу
Septum	[ˈseptəm]	перегородка
Slightly	[ˈslaɪtlɪ]	злегка, трохи
Systemic circulation	[sis'temik]	велике коло кровообігу
Surface	[ˈsɜːfɪs]	поверхня
Valve	[vælv]	клапан
Ventricle	[ˈventrəkəl]	шлуночок

Exercise 2. Pronounce correctly

muscular [ˈmʌskjʊlə], attach [ə’tætʃ], pericardium [ˌperɪˈkɑːdjəm], surround [sə’raʋnd], impulse [ˈɪmpʌls], compare [kəmˈpɛə], myocardium [maɪəˈkɑːdɪəm], through [θru], cardiovascular [‚kɑ:rdɪə’væskjələr]

Exercise 3. Translate into Ukrainian

a muscular organ, the size of a close fist, the weight of the heart, to be located between the lungs, behind the breastbone, to be located between the lungs, the upper layer, to be attached to the spinal column, the heart muscle, to cause the heart to contract, atria and ventricles, to separate the atria and the ventricles, to regulate blood flow, to prevent backflow, the surface of the heart, oxygen-rich blood, the system of blood vessels

Grammar. Adjectives and adverbs. Degrees of comparison

high higher(the) highest big bigger (the) biggest busy busier(the) busiest

interesting more (less) interesting (the) most (least) interesting easily more (less) easily (the) most (least) easily * Adverbs that end in -ly always use "more" or "most", such as "more quickly" or "most quickly"

!! good/well better(the)best bad/badly worse(the)worst much/many more(the)most little less(the)least far farther/further(the)farthest/the furthest

Exercise 4. Read the sentences. Translate. Pay attention to the adjectives

1) The right atrium of the heart is larger than the left one.

2) The walls of the left atrium are thicker than the walls of the right one.

3) The left ventricle is longer than the right ventricle.

4) The left ventricle is more conical in form than the right one.

5) The atria have thinner, less muscular walls than the ventricles.

6) The left ventricle is the largest and strongest chamber in the heart.

Exercise 5. Read the text. Translate it. Compose the list of the keywords and word-

Combinations

HEART

The heart is a muscular organ about the size of a closed fist that functions as the body’s circulatory pump. The weight of the heart in men averages between 280 and 340 g and in women, between 230 and 280 g.

The heart is located between the lungs in the middle of your chest, behind and slightly to the left of the breastbone. A membrane called the pericardium surrounds the heart like a sac. The upper layer of the pericardium is attached to the spinal column, diaphragm, and other parts of the body. The inner layer of the pericardium is attached to the heart muscle.

The heart muscle is called myocardium. Electrical impulses from the myocardium cause the heart to contract.

The heart contains four chambers: the right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle. The atria are smaller than the ventricles and have thinner, less muscular walls than the ventricles. The left ventricle is the largest and strongest chamber in the heart.

The chambers on the right side of the heart are smaller and have less myocardium in their heart wall when compared to the left side of the heart.

The septum separates the atria and the ventricles.

Four valves regulate blood flow through the heart. Blood normally flows one way through the heart due to heart valves, which prevent backflow.

The coronary arteries run along the surface of the heart and provide oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.

The heart and circulatory system (the system of blood vessels) make up the cardiovascular system. Systemic circulation is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Pulmonary circulation is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs, and return oxygenated blood back to the heart.

Cardiac cycle is the term used to describe the relaxation and contraction of the heart. The cardiac cycle refers to a complete heartbeat and includes the systole, the diastole, and the intervening pause.

Cardiac systole is the contraction of the cardiac muscle. The period of rest of the cardiac muscle is called the diastole.