VI. Make up disjunctive questions

1. The Romans had nearly two hundred surgical instruments.

2. The Muslims relied on information contained in the books of Hippocrates.

3. The old Greek ideas still survived.

4. The capital of the area was Byzantium.

5. Civilization became centered in the easter half of Europe.

VII. Make up alternative questions

1. The liquid dripped down the throat.

2. Dentists provided their patients with sets of teeth wired together.

3. The medical treatment declined.

4. Medical progress was desperately slow.

5. Special juice caused the drowsiness.

UNIT IX

I. Read the story and translate it.

AD. 1400—1500

As the Middle Ages drew to an end, public health was being taken more seriously. Officials inspected food as well as the herbal remedies prepared by the apothecaries (chemists), and supervised the cleaning of some streets. Hospitals and universities were built in large numbers. About 1450 Johann Gutenberg invented printing by movable type, and books could then beproduced more cheaply and in greater quantities. Medical knowledge from different countries could be properly recorded, studied and compared.

At that time doctors were very often highly-educated men, well-respected in the community. Surgeons were considered to be of much lower breed. They did their work in public places or among the wounded on the battlefield, where the newly-invented guns and cannon were causing dreadful injuries. They were joined by barbers, butchers and even executioners in the process of letting blood and the removal of teeth. Some 'quacks' specialized in conjuring tricks by which they pretended to remove bloodstained pebbles from the heads of mental patients!

Although the practice of medicine improved further between the 15th and 16th centuries, surgery was still a barbarous and painful practice in which patients often suffered more from the treatment than they did from then-original complaints.

II. Retell it contents in English.

III. Answer the following questions.

1. What changes in medicine were in the end of the Middle Ages?

2. What measures were taken for improvement of the public health?

3. What was the invention of Johann Gutenberg?

4. Who was considered to be of much lower breed?

5. Who often worked as surgeons?

6. What kind of job did they do?

7. What were built in large number?

8. Were the doctors highly-educated men?

9. Who specialized in conjuring tricks?

10. What did they “remove’ from the heads of mental patients?

IV. True/untrue, correct and write down sentences.

1. Surgeons were highly-educated men.

2. About 1450 Johann Gutenberg built large numbers of hospitals and universities.

3. Doctors were barbers, butchers and even executioners.

4. Medicine of that time was very important and respected profession.

5. From their treatment patients suffered more than from their ailments.

6. The practice of medicine improved further between the 13th and 14th centuries.

7. Surgeons were considered to be of much lower breed.

8. The first book was printed in 1450 year.

9. The books could be produced more cheaply in greater quantities.

10. Surgery was still barbarous and painful practice!

V. a) Make up your own sentences with the following words and word-combinations;

B) Explain in English the meanings of the following words and word-combinations;

Middle Ages, to supervise, large numbers, movable type, lower breed, newly-invented, executioner, mental patient.

VI. Make up disjunctive questions

1. Public health was being taken more seriously.

2. Officials inspected food as well as the herbal remedies.

3. They were joined by barbers, butchers and even executioners.

4. Surgery was still a barbarous and painful practice.

5. The guns and cannon were causing dreadful injuries.