Наиболее употребительные наречия.
Наречия места и направления:
here — здесь, тут
there — там
somewhere — где-то, где-нибудь
anywhere — везде, повсюду, где-нибудь
nowhere — нигде
inside — внутри
outside — снаружи
down — внизу
back — сзади, назад
away — вдали, вон, прочь
downward — вниз
upward — вверх
Наречия времени:
now — сейчас, теперь
before — до, перед, прежде
ever — когда-либо
never — никогда
always — всегда
often — часто
usually — обычно
seldom — редко
still — все еще
already — уже
just — только что, только
yet — еще, уже
sometimes — иногда
today — сегодня
tomorrow — завтра
yesterday — вчера
recently — недавно
lately — в последнее время
commonly — обычно
Наречия образа действия:
slowly — медленно
quickly — быстро
easily — легко
calmly — спокойно
brightly — ярко
hardly — с трудом, едва
Наречия меры и степени:
much — много, сильно
little — немного, мало
enough — достаточно
too — слишком
almost — уже, почти
very — очень
Наиболее употребительные суффиксы и префиксы существительных
-er/or — teacher, writer, actor, doctor
-ist — scientist, artist
-ment — movement, development, government
-ess — fortress, hostess, actress
-ian — musician, technician, politician
-ance — distance, importance, appearance
-(t)ion — revolution, translation, operation
-ity/'ty — popularity; honesty, morality, ability
-hood — childhood, neighborhood
-у — energy, assembly
-ship — friendship, leadership
-age — passage, marriage
-ism — heroism, socialism, capitalism
-ant — assistant, consultant
-ence — conference, silence, difference
-ure — culture, picture, agriculture
-ing — building, reading, meeting
-dom — freedom, kingdom, wisdom
-sion/ssion — revision, session, discussion,
-ness — happiness, illness, darkness (-s)ure — pleasure, treasure, measure
II. Префиксы существительных
re — reconstruction,
со — cooperation, coexistence
dis — disadvantage, discomfort, distaste
in — inaccuracy, independence
mis — misunderstanding, misprinting, misinformation
im — impossibility, impatience
un — unemployment, unconcern, unreality
il — illegality, illiteracy.
Наиболее употребительные суффиксы и префиксы глаголов
I. Суффиксы
en — deepen, lighten, strengthen;
fy — classify, electrify, specify
ize — organize, characterize, mechanize
ate — indicate, activate, translate
со — cooperate, coexist, collaborate
de — decode, decompose, demobilize
dis — disbelieve, disapprove, disappear
in — input, inlay, incut, indraw
im — immigrate, impart, implant;
inter — interact, interchange, interdepend
ir — irradiate, irrigate, irritate
over — overcome, overheat, overhear, overlook
re — readjust, rebuild, reconstruct, rewrite
mis — misprint, misunderstand, miscount.
Наиболее употребительные суффиксы и префиксы прилагательных
-ful — careful, beautiful, useful, powerful
-ant — distant, important, resistant
-ous — famous, dangerous, various
-ed — talented, developed, interested
-ing — interesting, disappointing
-al — natural, cultural, territorial
-ent — dependent, transparent, different
-ish — Spanish, British, boyish, Irish
-ibie — possible, terrible, visible, convertible
-able — comfortable, miserable
-ic — atomic, historic, poetic, heroic
-у — rainy, busy, sunny, windy, dirty
-less — hopeless, lifeless, useless, homeless
-ary — ordinary, revolutionary, necessary
-ive — inventive, effective, impressive, detective
-ian — Russian, Canadian, Rumanian
II. Префиксы
un — unhappy, unable, uncomfortable
in — independent, indirect, invisible
dis — disappointing, discouraging, disconnecting
im — impossible, imperfect, immoral, immaterial
non — non-ferrous, non-governmental
ir — irregular, irresponsible, irrational
post — post-war, post-operational
inter — interdependent, interchangeable, international
il — illegal, illiberal, illimitable.
Таблица неправильных глаголов
1 форма | 2 форма | 3 форма | 4 форма | Перевод |
to be | was/were | been | being | быть, находиться |
to bear | bore | born | bearing | нести |
to beat | beat | beaten | beating | бить |
to begin | began | begun | beginning | начинать(ся) |
to bend | bent | bent | bending | гнуть |
to bind | bound | bound | binding | переплетать |
to bite | bit | bitten/bit | biting | кусать |
to blow | blew | blown | blowing | дуть |
to break | broke | broken | breaking | ломать |
to bring | brought | brought | bringing | приносить |
to build | built | built | building | строить |
to burst | burst | burst | bursting | гореть, жечь |
to buy | bought | bought | buying | покупать |
to catch | caught | caught | catching | ловить |
to choose | chose | chosen | choosing | выбирать |
to cut | cut | cut | cutting | резать, рубить |
to dive | dived/dove | dived | diving | нырять |
to do | did | done | doing | делать |
to draw | drew | drawn | drawing | рисовать, тащить |
to drink | drank | drunk | drinking | пить |
to drive | drove | driven | driving | вести |
to eat | ate | eaten | eating | есть, кушать |
to fall | fell | fallen | falling | падать |
to feel | felt | felt | feeling | чувствовать |
to feed | fed | fed | feeding | кормить |
to fight | fought | fought | fighting | бороться, драться |
to fly | flew | flown | flying | летать |
to forbid | forbade | forbidden | forbidding | запрещать |
to forget | forgot | forgotten | forgetting | забывать |
to forgive | forgave | forgiven | forgiving | прощать |
to freeze | froze | frozen | freezing | замораживать |
to get | got | got | getting | получать, становиться |
to give | gave | given | giving | давать |
to go | went | gone | going | идти, ехать |
to grow | grew | grown | growing | расти, выращивать |
to hang | hung | hung | hanging | висеть, вешать |
to have | had | had | having | иметь |
to hear | heard | heard | hearing | слышать |
to hit | hit | hit | hitting | ударять |
to hold | held | held | holding | держать |
to hurt | hurt | hurt | hurting | повредить |
to know | knew | known | knowing | знать |
to lay | laid | laid | laying | накрывать |
to lead | lead | lead | leading | вести |
to leap | leapt/leaped | leapt/leaped | leaping | прыгать, скакать |
to leave | left | left | leaving | покидать, оставлять |
to lend | lent | lent | lending | давать взаймы |
to let | let | let | letting | позволять |
to lie | lay | lain | lying | лежать |
to light | lit | lit | lighting | зажигать |
to lose | lost | lost | losing | терять |
to make | made | made | making | делать |
to meet | met | met | meeting | встречать (ся) |
to pay | paid | paid | paying | платить |
to put | put | put | putting | класть, ставить |
to read | read | read | reading | читать |
to ride | rode | ridden | riding | ехать (верхом) |
to ring | rang | rung | ringing | звонить, звенеть |
to rise | rose | risen | rising | поднимать |
to run | ran | run | running | бежать |
to say | said | said | saying | говорить, сказать |
to see | saw | seen | seeing | видеть |
to sell | sold | sold | selling | продавать |
to send | sent | sent | sending | посещать, отправлять |
to shake | shook | shaken | shaking | трясти |
to shine | shone | shone | shining | светить, сиять |
to shoot | shot | shot | shooting | стрелять, снимать |
to show | showed | shown | showing | показывать |
to sing | sang | sung | singing | петь |
to sink | sank | sunk | sinking | тонуть |
to sit | sat | sat | sitting | сидеть |
to sleep | slept | slept | sleeping | спать |
to speak | spoke | spoken | speaking | говорить, разговаривать |
to spend | spent | spent | spending | тратить, проводить время |
to stand | stood | stood | standing | стоять |
to steal | stole | stolen | stealing | воровать, украсть |
to stick | stuck | stuck | sticking | прилипать |
to strike | struck | struck | striking | бить, ударять |
to swear | swore | sworn | swearing | клясться |
to sweep | swept | swept | sweeping | мести, подметать |
to swim | swam | swum | swimming | плавать |
to take | took | taken | taking | взять, брать |
to teach | taught | taught | teaching | учить, обучать |
to tear | tore | torn | tearing | рвать |
to tell | told | told | telling | сказать, сообщать |
to think | thought | thought | thinking | думать |
to throw | threw | thrown | throwing | бросать, кидать |
to wake | woke | woken | waking | будить, просыпаться |
to wear | wore | wakened | wearing | носить |
to weep | wept | wept | weeping | плакать |
to win | won | won | winning | побеждать, выигрывать |
to write | wrote | written | writing | писать |