When much material had been looked through and some problems had been solved, the article was published.

ВАРИАНТ 1

1.Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого (см. образец). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

When much material had been looked through and some problems had been solved, the article was published.

Electric cars will be widely used in future.

Today plastics are being applied for car bodies (корпус автомобиля).

This lecturer is listened to with great interest.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

It is proved that light needs time to travel any distance.

One must take part in scientific work.

3. Specialists consider that in future city transport will reject gasoline.

3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

You have to come to the language laboratory of the Institute to work at your pronunciation.

This material does not possess elastic properties.

Scientists had to create new materials for industry.

The exam was to start in the morning.

4. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

We know electricity produces heat.

The new materials the Russian chemists developed were used in space technology.

5. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

It is necessary for Russian specialist to know a foreign language.

The Russian scientists were the first to construct and launch the space rocket.

Our idea was to design a new device for automatic control.

To increase the productivity of labour one must use the methods we have just described.

6.Прочтите и устно переведите с 1-го по 3-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1-й я 2-й абзацы.

THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY TRANSPORT

It has been a long time since train velocities first surpassed the 100 km per hour limit and they are now approaching 200 km per hour and even higher velocities in some countries. Is it possible to increase the speed with the help of the traditional wheel at the present stage in the development of transport facilities? Scientists and engineers in various countries have come to the conclusion that a new leap in velocity is possible only if the wheel is replaced with an air or magnetic cushion.

In Russia the Electrical Locomotive Engineering Research Institute is the leader in the development of high-speed ground transport. In collaboration with many other Russian research centers, it is carrying out an extensive programme on high-speed ground transport. The advantages of high-speed ground transport to be used in future are obvious. At present air and road transport bums three-fourth of all produced fuels, and the combustion process, naturally, affects the earth's ecology.

The future trains must be ecologically clean and noiseless. It has been estimated that the cost of high-speed ground transport will be recouped three times faster than with the railways.

The high-speed ground transport will connect cities and industrial centers to airports. The first magnetic suspension train is not yet in operation, but its principle has found a way into technology.

7. Прочтите 4-й абзац текста в вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения; содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

What kind of transport will connect industrial cities to airports?

Electric trains

High-speed ground-transport

Magnetic - suspension trains

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 3

ВАРИАНТ 2

1.Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого (см. образец). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

When much had been done in the study of ecology by our institute it became an important scientific center.

A curriculum of the new type of secondary school is offered by the Ministry of Education.

The research of planets will be developed with the help of cosmic apparatus.

This material is unaffected by solar radiation.

2. Перепишете следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

SUN-DRIVEN ENGINE

It is common knowledge that certain metals and their alloys are attracted by a magnet. After heating this property vanishes; it is restored after cooling down. A new magneto - heat engine works on this principle. This invention relates to devices which transform thermal power, for instance, the power of the sun rays, into a mechanical power of rotation.

We know solar power is inexhaustible and its use does not harm the environment. That's why such importance is attached to the devices which make it possible to apply the idea of direct use of solar power, transforming it into mechanical forms of power. The development of an engine directly driven by a heat source such as solar power makes it possible to simplify and make power generation considerably cheaper in comparison to the existing thermal engines we use today.

3. The rotor of the new engine is made of an alloy that loses its magnetic properties already at 100° С. If the rotor is heated on one side, the cold side of the rotor will turn toward the magnet. Since heating continues, the rotor goes on rotating, too. Thus solar power can be used as a source of heat in this case. The magneto-heat engine can drive pumps in waterless districts can also be widely used for watering greenery in cities and settlements.

By using thermo magnetic alloys it is possible to develop a lot of automatic devices, for example, solar clocks, thermometers, etc. Mention should be made that these devices can withstand extreme temperatures. To organize the production of the necessary alloys is simple as there is no need for rare materials or complex technology.

7. Прочтите- 4-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

They resist to acids.

They resist to heat.

They resist to pressure.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 3

ВАРИАНТ 3

1.Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого (см. образец). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

WHAT IS A HOVERCRAFT ?

Hovercrafts or cushion crafts are vehicles that support themselves a small distance above the ground or water surface on a cushion of air forced downward by vertical fans. Unlike road vehicles and boats, hovercrafts have no physical contact with the surface over which they float and, unlike aircraft, they are incapable of rising above this surface much over a foot or so.

2. As a vehicle the hovercraft requires three or four times as much power as an automobile or truck to operate. The same is true in comparison to boats and ships. On the other hand, cushion crafts require one half to one quarter the power needed to support an airplane or helicopter in flight.

3. Hovercrafts find application in those surface transportation tasks that cannot be done efficiently by automobiles, trucks, buses, trains, or boats. A hovercraft could ferry troops from conventional troopships to the shore at speeds over 60 mph. It would not be obliged to stop at the beach but would continue inland. Hovercrafts are used as ferries, taking passengers, cars and goods to and from the continent. Another application is for inter-island transportation in arctic waters, where winter ice often makes the waterways impassable for ships and where the ice is not solid or smooth enough to permit the passage of trucks or sledges.

Hovercrafts are propelled in forward flight by various methods. The most efficient method is propulsion with air propellers, but the rotating propellers may form a serious hazard to passengers and operators. Another method is by tilting the machine as a whole in the direction of intended motion so that a part of the high-pressure becomes available for the forward movement. Sometimes a combination of various methods is used.

7. Прочтите 4-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

Two main methods

Various methods

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 3

ВАРИАНТ 4

1. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола сказуемого (см. образец). Переведите предложения на русские язык.

WHAT IS NOISE?

1. No exact definition of "noise" can be given. Because whether we experience sounds as a disturbance or not depends on many things. It is, for example, important to know whether we ourselves cause the noise or whether we have to endure it; whether the noise can be avoided or whether it is unavoidable; whether we are tired or fit. Visitors at a fun-fair enjoy the racket, but people who live close to the fun-fair feel disturbed about it. Passengers in jet-planes accept the din during take-off, but people living close to the airport are disturbed.

How strong a noise is and how many sound vibrations there are, is nowa-days internationally expressed in decibels. When you whisper or when leaves rustle there is 10 to 20 decibels. During a normal conversation the noise produced may be about 50 decibels; in crowded streets about 75 or 80 decibels.

Our hearing can already be injured when we are exposed to about 85 decibels for a longer period. A group of pop - musicians produce round about 120 decibels and 140 to 160 decibels are produced at the lake-off of a large jumbo-jet plane.

During tests on animals it has been proved that noise can be fatal. The Chinese used to torture criminals with noise producing instruments until they dropped dead. Also recently noise has killed human beings directly, damaged buildings, shattered windowpanes, e.g. when a jet passes the sound-barrier.

With increasing traffic and expanding industrialization the strain on our ears will certainly increase, too. 1 his will lead to occupational diseases in certain trades, to hardness of hearing, to sleeplessness and such complaints. Therefore we must do everything in our power to protect ourselves against noise.

7. Прочтите 5-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

Insulation of walls

To turn radio and TV low.

ВАРИАНТ 5

1. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого (см. образец). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

Approaches to ecology have changed in the West over the past 20 years, moving toward a more responsible use of the environment. This trend is beginning to change things in our country as well. International reaction to the accident with the Komi oil pipeline and the tanker accident near the Shetland islands makes us turn to Western experience.

ВАРИАНТ 1

1.Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого (см. образец). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

When much material had been looked through and some problems had been solved, the article was published.