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ВАРИАНТ 15.

1. Прочитайте е переведите текст:

International Monetary Fund and World Bank

Text A. International Monetary Fund: objectives and history.

The purpose of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is to promote international monetary cooperation through a permanentinstitution that provides the machineryfor consultation and collaborationon international monetary problems. Specifically, the function of the IMF is to facilitatethe expansion and balanced growth of international trade, to promote orderly and stable foreign currency exchange markets, and to contribute to balance of payments adjustment. To further these objectives, the IMF monitors members'macroeconomic policies, makes financial resources available to them in times of balance of payments difficulties, and provides them with technical assistance in a number of areas.

Much of the IMF's work is centered on annualconsultations with each member country to ensure that its national policies in the area of economic growth, price stability, financial conditions, and exchange rates take into account their consequences for the world economy and avoidunfair exchange policies. To ensure compliance with these basic tenets,the Fund is empowered to exercise firm surveillanceover the exchange rate policies of member countries.

History

The IMF's charter, embodiedin the Articles of Agreement, was agreed upon at the International Monetary and Financial Conference held at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in July 1944. In December 1945 the required number of countries had ratifiedthe agreements, and in March 1946 the first meeting of the Board of Governors was held. The IMF commencedoperations on March 1, 1947, at its headquarters in Washington, D.C. Other milestonesin the history of the IMF include:

- May 1948. first drawing of foreign exchange by a member country;

- January 1962, adoption of the general agreements to borrow (GAB), which constituted an important supplement to the IMF's financial resources;

- February 1963, establishment of the compensatory financing facility, designed to assist countries that experience a temporary shortfallin export earnings;

- June 1969, inceptionof the buffer stock financing facility, which can be used to finance commodity stockpiles;

- July 1969, adoption of the first amendmentto the Articles of Agreement, providing for the allocation of special drawing rights (SDRs) to member countries, with the first allocation of SDRs made on January 1, 1970;

-September 1974, implementation of the extended fundfacility, which provides medium-term assistance to member countries seekingto overcome structural balance of payments problems

-April 1975, establishment of an oil facility to help oil-importing countries finance the increase in petroleum prices;

-February 1976, establishment of the Trust Fund, funded by revenues from gold sales, to aid developing countries with low-interest assistance;

-August 1977, establishment of the supplementaryfinancing facility to make additional resources available to member countries requiring balance of payments financing in larger amounts and for longer periods;

-April 1978, adoption of the second amendment to the articles providing for liberalized exchange arrangements, the legalization of floating exchange rates, steps designed to eliminate the role of gold in the international monetary system, and enunciationof the goal to make the SDR the central international monetary reserve asset;

- March 1986, establishment of a structural adjustment facility to provide balance of payments assistance to qualifying members in support of macroeconomic and structural adjustment programs;

- December 1987, the establishment of the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Trust to provide loans on concessional terms to eligible members to support programs to strengthen substantially and in a sustainable manner their balance of payment position;

- August 1988. expansion of the compensatory financing facility to include a contingency financing element under which additional financing may be provided to support adjustment programs that might be thrown off track by adverse exogenous developments.

2. Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:

1. the purpose of IMF;

2. collaboration on international monetary problems;

3. to promote orderly and stable foreign currency;

4. payment adjustment;

5. a number of areas;

6. exchange rate;

7. the Articles of Agreement;

8. important supplement;

9. buffer stock financing facility;

10. the legalization of floating exchange rates;

3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

1. содействовать сотрудничеству;

2. финансовые ресурсы;

3. рынки обмена валют;

4. ежегодные консультации;

5. несправедливая политика обмена;

6. требуемое число стран;

7. изложение цели;

8. макроэкономические и структурные программы урегулирования;

9. включать возможность элемента финансирования;

10. предоставить заем.

4. Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, и переведите их на русский язык:

1. adjust;

2. pay;

3. economy;

4. current;

5. assist;

6. change;

7. adopt;

8. short;

9. add;

10.nation.

5. Задайте к предложению все типы вопросов: общий, альтернативный, разделительный, специальный, вопрос к подлежащему.To ensure compliance with these basic tenets,the Fund is empowered to exercise firm surveillanceover the exchange rate policies of member countries.

6. Выполните анализ данных предложений, обратив внимание на следующие грамматические явления: причастие, инфинитив, герундий и их обороты.

1.The purpose of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is to promote

international monetary cooperation through a permanentinstitution that

provides the machineryfor consultation and collaborationon international

monetary problems.

2. Specifically, the function of the IMF is to facilitatethe expansion and

balanced growth of international trade, to promote orderly and stable foreign

currency exchange markets, and to contribute to balance of payments

adjustment.

3. To further these objectives, the IMF monitors members'macroeconomic

policies, makes financial resources available to them in times of balance of

payments difficulties, and provides them with technical assistance in a

number of areas.

4. To ensure compliance with these basic tenets,the Fund is empowered to

exercise firm surveillanceover the exchange rate policies of member

countries.

5. In December 1945 the required number of countries had ratifiedthe

greements, and in March 1946 the first meeting of the Board of Governors

was held.

7. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What is the function of International Monetary Fund?

2. What do IMF monitor’s embers do?

3. What are the daily affairs in IMF?

4. When was IMF established?

5. What are the most important milestones in the history of IMF?

6. What is the purpose of the IMF?
7. Where is much of the IMF’s work centered on ?

8. When was the Trust Fund established?

9. What events in World history took place when IMF had been founded/

10. What events in the latest history of IMF had the greatest inpact on Russsia’s modern history?