Russia revives use of heraldry

In a move to restore someof the emblemsand trappings of pre-revolutionury times Slate Heraldry Service, abolished in 1917 has been recently revived in Russia by a special decree on the reconstitution of the service, signed by the President

Georgy Velinkhabov,deputy director ofthe St. Petersburg Hermitage museum was appointed an official state herald to run it. The main function of the new service would be to create new or restore old emblems and symbols tor official use - flags medals, uniforms and badges Many of the old familiar symbols will soon be replaced by traditional Russian symbols from pre-revolutionary times, chosen by the heraldry service But some Sovietsymbols will remain.

"We don't want todiscard the past achievements in heraldry. Velinkhabov said in an interview

The first Russian State Heraldry Department was set up by Peter the Great in (722 By1917ithad created 5,000coats ofarms

The new service will oversee the creation of officialemblems lor all civil and military institutions

That wasprobably one of the reasons why Britain's Queen and the Duke of Edin­burghinJune 2003 invited V Putin, the president of Russia toLondon He was the first Russian head ofstate in 80 years (after Nicolas II) who was personally invited by the British Crown

heraldry -геральдика,гербоведениe

Упражнение VII.Переведите предложения на русский язык (абсолютный причастный оборот)

I. No survivors beingleft, the exact cause which led to the accident will probably never be known.

2.The conference(being) over, the delegates made a tour of the city

3. In London there are a lot of museums, the largest being the British Museum

4 Newspapers being a big business, the views of newspapers owners are the
views of Big Business

5. The delegates were equally divided between whites and blacks, a third ofthem
being youth

6 In 1689Peter I ascended the throne, and in 1703 he created St. Petersburg, the
new capital, he himself talking the title of Emperor.

7 He thought at first that she hadn't heard the question She set so very still, with
her eyes cast down.

Упражнение VIII.Переведите текст с листа

A number of historic buildings were knocked downin 1929 to make room for theMilitary School These were the Convent of Ascension (Vosnesensky Monastery) foundedin 1393 by Grand Duchess Yevdokiya,widow ofDmitry Donskoy. Many daughters of the royal family were forced to take vows here, as for centuries there were no foreign Orthodox rulers whom they could wed. and none of them could marry a man of other faith. The widows of the Moscow dukes among them Yevdokiya herself, withdrew to the Ascension Convent. There were buried Yevdo-kya, Sotya Paleoloque (wife of Ivan III),Yelena Glinslaya (mother of Ivan the Terri-ble) and Natalya Narishkina (mother of Peter the Great), their remains were trans ferred to the Archangel Cathedral after 1929. And next to the Saviour gate stood the striking Gothic Church of St. Catherine built to the designs of Carlo Rossi in 1809 -17.

Further on stood the Monastery of the Miracles, foundedin 1358 on what was said tohave been land occupied by the embassy ofthe Golden Horde.

Tsar Vastly Shuyski was forced toenter the monastery after he had been deposed, and two years later Patriarch Hermogenes starved to death here while in Polish captivity An other famous Patriarch — Nikon - was deposed bya church council which met here in 1667 Two Russian Emperors- Peter and Alexander II were baptized inthe Monas-tery of the Miracles

The finalbuilding destroyed in 1929 to make room for the Military School was the Small Nicholas Palace, a fine classical structure built by Ka/ako\

ПЕРЕВОДЧЕСКИЙ КОММЕНТАРИЙ

Независимый причастный оборот All the delegates objecting, the resolutionwas changed.

All the delegates objecting - независимый причастный оборот, в котором имеется свое подлежащее (all the delegates), а причастие выполняет роль сказуемого (свое сказуемое). По значению этот оборот соответствует придаточному или самостоя­тельному предложению

All the delegates objecting, the resolution was changed "Так как все делегаты возражали, резолюция была изменена".

The treaty between the two countries was done in two languages, both text being equally valid. "Договор между двумя странами составлен на двух языках. Оба текста имеют одинаковую силу".

На письме независимый причастный оборот выделяется запятой Значение независимого причастного оборота в каждом конкретном случае определяется контекстом

Урок 15

(Оружейная палата)

Словарь

Armoury (Palace) Оружейная палата (Кремля)

arms and armour оружие и доспехи

Diamond Fund Алмазный фонд

to decorate with украшать чем-л.

лун. to adorn with

to adorn oneself with украситься
(The square adorned itself with . )

syn. to trim with (flowers, fur: sa- отделывать чем-л. (цветами мехом: собо-

blе, mink etc.) лем, норкой и т.д.)

lavishly decorated украшенный щедро

elaborately decorated украшенный искусно (тонкая работа)

richly decorated украшенный богато

to embroider украшать вышивкой

to inlay (inlaid) with (filigree, инкрустировать (филигранью, слоновой ко-

ivory, gold) стью, золотом)

jeweller ювелир

jewellery, jewelry ювелирные изделия

nugget л. самородок (золота)

precious stones (diamonds, erne- драгоценные камни

raids . rubies, sapphi (алмазы, изумруды, рубины, сапфиры)
res

Gem драгоценный камень

Rare gem редкостный камень

monarchy п. монархия

monarch п. монарх

silverware п. столовое серебро

silver dish серебряное блюдо

dishes n., pl. посуда

syn. vessels п., pl.

drinking vessels посуда для питья

wine glass рюмка

tankard высокая пивная кружка

goblet бокал

chalice кубок

scoop ковш

loving cup круговая чаша

crystal jug хрустальный кувшин

Crown, Sceptre and Orb корона, скипетр и держава (символы вла­
сти, регалии монарха)

to date back to the 12C относиться еще к 12 веку

date from the mid-18C начиная с середины 18 века

to the present до настоящего времени

abundance n. изобилие

workshop п. мастерская

necklace п. ожерелье

marble п. а мрамор, мраморный

Faberge Easter eggs пасхальные яйца Фаберже

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

УпражнениеI. Переведите по абзацам с листа с предварительным чтением

абзаца вслух Затем переведите эти абзацы под диктовку

Текст 1

The Armoury Palacewas built between the Great Kremlin Palace and the Krem­lin wall by Konstantin Thon in 1884 - 51. It houses the oldest and the richest mu­seum inRussia.

Л white marble staircase leads to the first floor. On the landing at the top hangs a painting by R. Sverichkov of the "White Stone Kremlin" of the time of Ivan IV.

Room Ihouses arms and armour of the 13C- 18C. Among them is the armour of Boris Godunov. Each piece of his armour is inscribed with the words "God is with us, no one is against us."

There are the sabres of Kuzma Minin and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky. who led the Russian forces to final victory during the "Time of Troubles" of the early I7C.

The helmet of Tsar Mikhail, which by tradition originally belonged to Alexander Nevsky, was restored in 1621 and inlaid withgold filigreeand adornedwith dia­monds, emeraldsand rubies

Here is also a bas-relief of Peter the Great by Rastrelli and the golden keys of the Baltic City of Riga presented to Field-Marshal Count В.Р. Sheremetyev after he captured the town in 1710.

There are West European arms and armour of the 18C - 19С, but the central place is given to the work of Tula craftsmen

* * *

On display in Room 2 is Russian gold and silver of the 12C - I7C The central place is given to silver work fromRyazan which dates back to the 12C- 13C. It is remarkable tor abundance of preciousstones Also of interest is the 12C silver chalicewhich was commissionedby Prince Yury Dolgoruky, the founder ofMos­cow. The round gold dish with a fine border given by Ivan IV as awedding present to his second wife is in Room 2. The dish was used to carry the bride's head-dress.

Here is alsothe so called "measure icon" tor Tsarevich Ivan, son of Ivan IV When a Tsarevich was born a "measure icon" of the saint after whom he had been named was made to the same length as the infant, hence the name of the icon.

There are also in Room 2 gold and silver drinkingvessels in the traditional Rus­sian style. The graceful lavishly decorated swan-shaped scoop traditionally used for mead, Such scoops were sometimes presented as rewards for loyal service to the Tsar. The other traditional Russian vessel is the "bratina",the English call it loving cup. It is passed at gatherings from one person to the next; several of these are on display.

***

On display in Room 3is late 19C work by leading jewelleryfirms, including those of Sazikov and Ovchinnikov and Faberge. Gustav Faberge (b 1814 - d.93) es­tablished the firm in St. Petersburg in 1842, and the family tradition was developed by his son Carl (1846 - 1920). Included in the collection are several of the cele­brated Faberge Easter eggs.

The Greek-stylesilver samovar (tea urn) was one of the first made in Russia.

The two small silver crowns are said to be those used at the wedding ceremony of the poet Alexander Pushkin and Natalya Goncharova in 1831.

* * *

On display in Room 4are vestmentsand fabricsof the I4C - 19C. The light blue and silver ceremonial robe (sakkos) made in 1322 for the first Metropolitan of Moscow, Peter

Patriarch Nikon's ceremonial vestment was made in 1654 of Venetian velvet and lavishlyadorned with gold embroideryand precious stones. It weighs 24 kg.

Among the treasures displayed in the other rooms are sets of superb silverware.all kinds of drinkingvessels: tankards, wine jugs with elaborate spouts and handles. crystal and gold goblets, ivory inlaid thrones, state regalia, luxuriously embroidered clothing, elaborately decorated carriages and coaches, harnesses and saddles.

* * *

The Armoury has a permanent exhibition known as the Diamond Fund.On display are such attributes of Tsarist power as the Crown. Sceptre and Orb

There are also rare gems, antique jewellery, and the world's biggest gold nug­get, the so called Big Triangle, weighing 3.6 kg.

Упражнение II.Прочтите вслух слова и словосочетания и дайте их русские эквиваленты:

gold embroidery, arms and armour, abundance of preciousstones, vestments and fabrics, ceremonial robe, sabres, a round silver dish with fine border, wedding pre­sent, lavishly decorated scoop, head-dress, celebrated Easter eggs by Faberge, to be on display, to house, to trim with sable, monarchy, workshop, inlaid with ivory, nug­get, gems, to commission, crystal jug, tankard, loving cup, Crown, Sceptre and Orb, Monarch, Peter I, marble staircase, origin, elaborately decorated, embroider, dia­monds, emeralds, rubies, pearls, superb silverware, luxurious.

Упражнение III.Дайте английские эквиваленты:

в зале 1 находятся, белая мраморная лестница, инкрустировать слоновой ко­стью, отделывать мехом, по традиции, первоначально принадлежать, барельеф Петра I, ювелирные изделия, самородок золота, комплект превосходного столо­вого серебра, ожерелье, пивная кружка с ручкой тонкой работы, серебряное блюло с прекрасным ободком, хрустальный кувшин, большое количество дра­гоценных камней, серебряный кубок, ведущие ювелирные фирмы, вельвет, юве­лир, одежда с богатой вышивкой, весить 24 кг.

One should weigh the pros and cons of it.

Упражнение IV.Переведите по абзацам с листа с предварительным чтением абзаца вслух. Затем переведите эти абзацы под диктовку.

Текст 2

Room 5 of the Armourydisplays Western gold and silver Most of these items were brought to Russia as ambassadorial gifts and are arranged according to the country of origin.

One of the finest collections in the world is English silver of the 16C-17C. Diplomatic and trade links were established between Russia and England in the 1550s and a considerable amount of superb silverware was brought to Russia in the decades that followed (much of the silver that remained in Britain was melted down after the victory of Oliver Cromwell). The silver dish on an engraved stand is the ear­liest piece of the collection; it dates from 1558 and must have been brought to Ivan IV.

The silver flask decorated with two lion's" heads was presented to Boris Croduno\ by King James I in 1604.The two tankards inthe formofsnow leopards were made

in 1600 and brought to Russia in 1629. The few wine jugs with dragon-shaped spouts and snake handles date from the same period.

* * *

Next comes the I7C Dutch work. Trade with Holland began in 1646, and the first Dutch mission brought the set of five round silver plates. The oldest article is the vessel in the shape of a cock, which belonged to Ivan Ш. It is thought that the body of the cock was originally made on an ostrich egg.

The crystal and gold goblet was the work of the Nuremberg craftsman A. Jamnitzer. A boyar is believed to have presented it to the "False Dmitry" on the day of his marriage to Marina Mnishek (1606).

A small part of the 3000-piece silver set is displayed here. It was ordered by Catherine II in 1770 for her favourite Grigory Orlov.

Room 6begins the exhibition on the Ground Floor. Thrones, Regalia and Cloth­ing are on display here. Among them are the ivory inlaid Throne of Ivan IV and the Throne presented to Boris Godunov in 1604 by the Shah of Persia. It is covered in gold leaf and decorated with precious stones.

The Throne of Tsar Mikhail Fyodurovich. the first Romanov Tsar is the rework­ing of the Throne that once belonged to Ivan IV.

The late I7C Diamond Throne is the most luxurious. It was presented to Tsar Aleksey Mikhaylovich by an Armenian trading company in Persia, its decoration includes over 800 diamonds.

Next comes the Throne made for the double coronation in 1682 of the 10-year-old Peter Alekseyevich and his feeble-minded 15-year-old half brother Ivan. A cur­tain at the back of the Throne concealed a secret compartment from which (he young Tsar's advisers, usually their older sister Sofya, told them what to say.

The Russian State Regalia. The famous Crown (Cap) of Monamakh. made in the 13C-14C from eight triangular gold plates, is decorated with precious stones and trimmed with sable. A second Cap of Monomakh. also on display, was made for Pe­ter before the dual coronation of 1682. Peter Alekseyevich became Peter the Great. and from this time a Western style crown was used in coronations.

The Kazan crown of Ivan IV was commissioned in 1552 to celebrate the taking of the Volga town of Kazan.

The Crown, Sceptre, and Orb of the first Romanov Tsar. Mikhail, were made in

the Kremlin workshops in the 1620s.

* * *

Clothing. On display are caftans and boots worn by Peter the Great. Examples of the type of robe worn by the nobility of the 17C. There are elaborate snuff-boxes, watches, lorgnettes and fans. The wedding dress of Catherine II (1745) is silver, while her coronation gown is embroidered with gold two-headed eagles. Two corona­tion gifts are presented to Nicholas II by the Emperor of Japan in 1896. They are a large Eagle with 2000 ivory feathers, and an embroidered silk Screen depicting a sea­scape. A complete collection of pre-Revolutionary decorations; the most prized was

the Order of St. George.

* * *

Rooms7 and 8.On display are dress harnesses from China, Germany, England, Poland and Austria.

Persian saddles. Outstanding is the velvet saddle decorated with precious stones which the Shah gave to Mikhail Romanov in 1635. The yellow saddle cloth was made from over 400 parrot skins.

The Turkish harness was presented to Catherine II by the Sultan in 1775. The set included silver horseshoes with silver nails.

* * *

Room 9.Carriages. The oldest is the late 16C English carriage presented to Boris Godunov by King James I. Opposite is the Polish coach which belonged to Patriarch Filaret, Father of Tsar Mikhail Romanov.

The little Summer and Winter Coaches were made for the child Peter in 1675. They were drawn by small ponies, and dwarfs served as coachmen. Elizabeth's daughter-in-law, Catherine II was given the richly gilded open Summer Coach by her favourite, Grigory Orlov. Adorned with an eagle and two dragon-slaving knights, it was made in London in 1779. The most elaborately decorated travelling coach by Catherine II was built in France in 1765.

* * *

The Diamond Fund Exhibitionis housed in the building of the Armoury Palace. The collection, established in 1992, contains diamonds and jewellery dating from the mid-18C to the present.

On display is the 190-carat Orlov Diamond, which was given to Catherine II in 1774 by Count Grigory Orlov. The stone was found in India in the 17C.

The 89-carat Shah Diamond discovered in India in the 16C, has a very sad his­tory: it was presented to Nickolai I by the Shah of Persia as a compensation for the assassination of the Russian diplomat and noted poet Alexander Griboyedov.

Two diamonds were added to the collection: one is named after the late Indian Premier Indira Gandi. and the other commemorates the American school-girl Samanta Smith.

Упражнение V. Подготовьте перевод текста 3 с листа.

Текст 3 RUSSIAN TREASURES TO SHINE IN FLORIDA

Chris Klein

The Romanov tsars probably did not know much about St. Petersburg, Florida The city, founded by a Russian at the end of the 19th century, was younger than Nicholas II at the time of the October Revolution, and did not begin to seriously grow until Khrushchev's time.

Now St. Petersburg, part of a three-city metropolitan area of 2.5 million people. wants to become an international center of culture. The city already has an attractive, 24-hall Museum of Fine Arts and the biggest Salvador Dali collection in the world. To add to that. Mayor David Fisher plans to open the Florida International Culture Center. whose inaugural exhibition will be a Russian one "Treasures of the Tsars" will be the largest collection of Russian art ever to be shown overseas.

As a result, a team of art experts from Florida was in Moscow recently, scouring the stores of the Kremlin Museum and the Tretyakov Gallery for works worthy of the first show.

"The Treasure of the Tsars" exhibit will deal with Russian art from the beginning of the Romanov dynasty, in 1613, to the revolution of 1917. A broad subject, to say the least, so Mr. Dilley, the project's director and his crew have not had a lot of time to sightsee. Most days they have spent in a small office in the Kremlin, going over photos of icons, crowns and other crafts, choosing some to make the trip across the Atlantic. Ultimately the show will include some 250 works, and already they have chosen the crown of Mikhail, the first Romanov tsar, several valuable icons; and the lid of the sarcophagus of Dmitry, the seven-year-old tsar's son who was murdered at the end of the 17th century in the town of Uglich on the Volga.

Dilley says curators and museum directors have been welcoming and cooperative; on Friday, the director of the Tretyakov Gallery was due to take the group on a tour of the museum's art in storage.

For the most part the group seems to be having fun. Mr. Dilley says he has spent his time here "falling in love with Russia" Dilley, who calls himself a cul­ture junkie, has been looking for a good symbol for the marketing materials to be produced back in St. Petersburg.

"We've decided on the double-headed eagle," he said, referring to the emblem of the tsars that has recently reappeared on Aeroflot jets. "It shows up over and over again in our research "

Упражнение VI. Переведите тексты 4, 5, 6 с листа.

Текст 4

JEWELLERY BOOSTS GENEVA REPUTATION

Geneva's reputation as the world's leading market place for jewellery and small precious objects was confirmed during sales held in the week of May 16 - 20.

Among the highlights was the sale of two long-lost Faberge eggs, one of them tor 1.2 million Swiss francs ($860,638), and Sotheby's sale tor 13 million Swiss francs of jewellery owned by the late Helene Beaumont

Текст 5 QUEEN OPENS CROWN JEWEL SHOWCASE

LONDON (Reuters) - Queen Elizabeth II made a rare trip to the Tower of London on Thursday to open a new showcase for the crown jewels, Britain's biggest tourist attraction.

"I am delighted to be here today on a visit which recalls for me my own Coronation Day." she said before heading into the new Jewel House

She last came to see the nine crowns, two orbs, sceptres, maces and other treas­ures when she opened the old jewel house in 1967 in a bunker at the tower that soon proved unable to cope with the crowds. The new, larger home, inside a vault in a former barracks, has steel doors, bullet proof glass cases and numerous hidden secu­rity devices. It is designed to receive up to 20,000 people a day. More than 2 million people a year are expected to pay $ 12 each for a visit. (2002).

Текст 6

QUEEN ELIZABETH'S VISIT SCHEDULED FOR OCTOBER

LONDON - Britain's Queen Elizabeth II will travel to Russia in October, the first visit to the country by a reigning British monarch, Buckingham Palace said Friday.

A palace spokeswoman said the dates for the scheduled trip by the Queen and her husband the Duke of Edinburgh have been set as Oct. 17 to 20. Details have not been finalized.

Prince Charles made a highly publicized tour-day trip to the country's second city of St. Petersburg in May.

That was seen as paving the way tor the Queen's visit to Russia, whose last mon­arch Tsar Nicholas II. a relation of the British royal family, was executed with his family in 1918.

Buckingham Palace said no reigning British monarch had ever visited Russia, al­though King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra dined with Tsar Nicholas II on the imperial yacht in June 1908 in the then Russian waters off Tallinn, now the capital of Estonia.

The visit is being described by the Fleet Street as the most important royal visit since the Queen travelled to China in 1986.

The royal family, dogged by image problems since the rift in 1992 between Charles and Diana and later on her tragic death, has used several lengthy foreign vis­its to stress the monarchy's serious diplomatic role

* * *

That was probably one of the reasons why Britain's Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh in June 2003 invited V. Putin, the president of Russia to London.

V Putin was the first Russian head of state in 80 years (after Nicolas II) to be person­ally invited to Great Britain by the British Crown.

Moscow Times

2003

Упражнение VII.Переведите текст 7 с повторениями.

Текст7

Какой подарок в России хотела бы получить Королева Великобритании? Вопрос этот активно дебатировался на Флит-стрит. Королева, пишет "Дейли мейл", сочла, что какой-либо российский орден -например, Дружбы народов, -ее не устроит, поскольку она итак уже имеет почти все, какие есть в мире, ино­странные ордена. Британская королева, информирует газета, "грациозно далазнать, что будет восхищена, если, возвращаясь на родину после визита, увезет с собой из России какое-нибудь изделие Фаберже, дабы пополнить коллекцию королевской семьи, начатую королем Эдуардом VII и королевой Александрой".

(2002)

Упражнение VIII.Прочтите тексты 8, 9, 10. Кратко перелайте на англий­ском языке (10 - 12 предложений) основное содержание текстов (аннотирова­ние).

Текст8

ДРАГОЦЕННОСТИ РОМАНОВЫХ ВЕРНУТСЯ В РОССИЮ,

НО ВСЕГО НА НЕСКОЛЬКО ДНЕЙ

И НА БРИТАНСКОЙ КОРОЛЕВЕ

Вовсе не исключено, что, когда британская королева Елизавета Вторая приедет в октябре в Москву и Петербург, на одном из тех сверхторжественных приемов, которые будут устроены в ее честь либо ею самой, увидим мы на ней драгоценности, некогда принадлежавшие династии Романовых.

I [например,ожерелье, сработанное из жемчуга и бриллиантов с застежкой, укра­шенной сапфиром и бриллиантами, ожерелье, которым когда-то владела императри­ца Мария, мать Николая Второго и которое в июне 1929 года было куплено Винлю-рами за шесть тысяч фунтов стерлингов. По ценам сегодняшним стоимость его дос­тигала бы полутора сотен тысяч фунтов, не говоря, понятно, оценности исторической.

Но это ожерелье, которое иногда носит королева, а иногда дочь ее - принцесса Анна. - лишь один фрагменттой коллекции драгоценностей, что вскоре после ре­волюции семнадцатого года попали из России на Британские острова и потом бы­ли приобретены Виндзорами.

Активная собирательница драгоценностей, королева Мэри приобрела также и два роскошных изделия Фаберже - пасхальные яйца, одно из которых было подарено Николаем Вторым его супруге Александре в 1905 году и которое Виндзорам досталось всего за 500 фунтов И то, и другое оценены были недавно в 6 миллионов фунтов. Елизавета Вторая, которая теперь владеет ими, одалжи­валаих для показа в Кремлевской Оружейной палате

Сегодня из 56 пасхальных яиц, изготовленных Фаберже для Александра Третьего и Николая Второго, в Москве осталось всего десять Большинство уш­ло за границу, крупнейшими их покупателями были лондонский ювелир Эмма­нуэль Сноуман,Арманд Хаммер и американский издатель Малькольм Форбс, приобретший незадолго до своей смерти двенадцать яиц.

Текст 9

НАСЛЕДНИКИ ФОРБСА ПРОДАЮТ ЗНАМЕНИТУЮ КОЛЛЕКЦИЮ ФАБЕРЖЕ

Наследники известногоамериканского издателя Малкольма Форбса объявили орешении продать саукциона свою коллекцию драгоценных изделий Фаберже.На продажу будут выставлены200 предметов, в том числе главное богатствокол­лекции семьи Форбс— 9 императорских пасхальных яиц.

Евгений БАЙ

Всемирно известный мастер Карл Фаберже изготовил в обшей сложности 50

яиц. Первые из них, инкрустированные золотом и драгоценными камнями, были выполнены в 1885 году по заказу императора Александра III, который на Пасху дарил их императрице Марии Федоровне. После смерти Александра III его пре­емник император Николай II в течение многих лет заказывал по два яйца, одно из которых он дарил на Пасху своей матери Марии Федоровне, другое - жене, императрице Александре Федоровне.

Самая большая коллекция пасхальных яиц Фаберже - десять штук - хранится в Кремле. Семья Форбс располагает второй по значимости коллекцией - девять яиц Пять императорских пасхальных яиц - у Музея изящных искусств Вирджинии, три находятся в собственности королевского двора Великобритании Восемь яиц бес­следно пропали. Остальные хранятся в разных музеях мира и частных коллекциях.

Коллекция Фаберже была собрана самим Малкольмом Форбсом. После его смерти пасхальные яйца неоднократно выставлялись в галереях семьи в США и на различных международных ювелирных ярмарках. В журнале "Форбс" кор­респонденту "Известий" сообщили: семья Форбс "решила, что пришло время сделать эти сокровища доступными другим коллекционерам"

Ожидается, что от продажи одних только пасхальных яиц семейство выру­чит от 65 до 90 миллионов долларов, а вся коллекция оценивается приблизи­тельно в 120 миллионов (последнее пасхальное яйцо Фаберже, выставленное на аукцион "Кристи" в 2002 году, было продано за 937 миллиона долларов). Кол­лекция пасхальных яиц Фаберже, принадлежащих Форбсам, будет выставлена на аукционе "Сотби" 20-21 апреля этого года.

Вашингтон Известия

10 января, 2004 г

Текст 10

ПАСХАЛЬНЫЕ ЯЙЦА ФАБЕРЖЕ ВОЗВРАЩЕНЫ В РОССИЮ

Покупка пасхальных яиц Фаберже Виктором Вексельбергом, вице-президентом российско-британского нефтяного альянса, стала сенсацией на рынке произведений искусства. Дело в том, что лондонский аукцион "Сотбис", как заявил вчера его представитель, планировал выставить яйца на продажу. Но Вексельберг перехва­тил яйца у "Сотбис". Зачем? А зачем президент Путин из средств своего специаль­ного фонда выкупал из Португалии картину "Вид форта Пико на острове Мадейра"

Карла Брюллова? Затем, чтобы возвратить ее на родин). То есть из патриотических побуждений. Так и Вексельберг

Виктор Вексельберг, разумеется, не намерен скрывать свои патриотические мотивы. Он заявляет о том. что намерен скорейшим образом вернуть яйца в Россию, дабы выставлять их в лучших музеях Москвы, Санкт-Петербурга и провинции - "чтобы как можно больше людей увидело коллекцию".

Имеются три возможных пристанища ювелирной коллекции - Оружейная палата Кремля, Эрмитаж и храм Христа Спасителя.

По прибытии Россию бесценные яйца собираются "прокатить" по стране

* * *

- Виктор Феликсович, не попятно, зачем потребовалось "перехватить"
яйца Фаберже до аукциона? Ведь можно было купить их и па аукционе. Го­
ворят, вышло бы дешевле...

- Здесь два момента. Во-первых, ценность коллекции в том, что она сохранит­
ся в том виде, в котором находится сейчас, го есть вся целиком. Во-вторых, труд­
но спорить, но мне кажется, что при продаже коллекции по отдельности, при вы­
сокой конкуренции за отдельные предметы, стоимость была бы выше. Но все же
главным фактором был риск, что коллекция будет расчленена и попадет в разные
руки.

- Многим кажется, что отдать 100 миллионов долларов за художест­
венные раритеты - это чудачество. Может быть, было бы лучше чем-то
конкретным помочь людям?

- Мы много помогаем людям, у нас есть благотворительные программы. Навер­
ное, можно было бы построить на эти деньги больницу или стадион, но все матери­
альное приходит и уходит. Даже несмотря на сиюминутную полезность. А вот куль­
тура и история служат той основой, которая питает наши души и нашу уверенность в
завтрашнем дне. Сейчас оценить это сложно, практически невозможно. Когда мы
научимся это понимать и ценить вещи такого рода, то наверняка тогда мы по-
другому станем относиться и друг к другу, и к себе, и к стране.

Глубокоуважаемый Виктор Феликсович! Низко кланяюсь вам завозвраще­ние на Родину столь символичнойколлекции пасхальных яиц Фаберже Это поднимает престиж нашей страны вглазах мира, а главное, в собственных глазах более чем что-либо другое. Это как выиграть войну Спасибо'

Директор Государственного Эрмитажа ПИОТРОВСКИЙ

Известия

12 февраля 2004 г.

Урок 16 (Китай-город)

Словарь

origin п. происхождение, источник, начало

original а. первоначальный, исконный

originally adv. первоначально

literally adv. буквально

figuratively adv фигурально

disturbances п.. pi. волнения, беспорядки

to causedisturbances вызывать беспорядки

syn unrest n.

to confess (smth wrong that one has признавать что-л , исповедоваться
done)

to confess ones shortcomings исповедоваться в своих ошибках(или при-

знать свои ошибки)

standard n. знамя, флаг

project п. проект,

to match подходить, соответствовать

to be welt (ill) matched хорошо (плохо) подходить

to be alien to smb (smth) чуждый, несвойственный кому-л., чему-л.

superstitious а. суеверный

to flee (fled) убегать, спасаться бегством

mosaic я. мозаика

triumphal а триумфальный

triumphal arch (~ procession, триумфальная арка (процессия, лавровый

- wreath) венок победителя)

triumphant а победоносный: блистательный, великолеп­
ный

triumphant army (victory)

to capture (a town) захватить (город)

Capture захват, взятие (силой)

bas-reliefбарельеф

to dedicate to посвятить чему-л . кому-л.

Expulsion изгнание

Restorer реставратор

restoration реставрация

to go on ahunger strike объявлять голодовку

rumourслухи

to extend продлять, расширять

excavationраскопки

"God'sfool" почитавшийся юродивый

syn. Holy fool

Britishsubject британский подданный

in memory of... в память о

proclamation обнародование

the whole of Russia вся Россия (территория)

all Russia вся Россия (люди)

Cathedral or Christ the Saviourхрам Христа Спасителя

tourist а туристский

Tourist centre (~ routs, paths) туристская база (~ маршруты, тропы)

the town platform трибуна города

to alter переделывать, изменять

(river) bed русло реки

earthen а, земляной

underground под землей

to go underground спускаться под землю, спускаться в

подземелье

aesthetic а эстетический

mayor п мэр

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Упражнение I.Прочтите про себя отрывок текста до знаков ***. затем пе­реведите его под диктовку с записью опорных пунктов

Текст 1 KITAY-GOROD

The originof the district's name is obscure although historians agree that it does not mean literallyChina It may come from the old word kita. meaning the wattle used in earthen walls once erected around this suburb (wattle - плетеница).

One of the oldest parts of Moscow, the Kitay-Gorod was first settled in the 12C -13CIn the 1510s a 2.5 km long brick wall connected to the Kremlin was built

around it: the wall survived until the Soviet era. Nobles and merchants usedto live here in the center of Russian trade.

Red Square takes up a great expanse of some 73,000 sq.m. The square was first opened up atthe end of the 15C; since the I7C it has been called Krasnaya Plost-

chad, the original meaning of which was "Beautiful Square".

* * *

The red brick Historical Museum,to the designs of Sherwood (1878 - 83) stands at the northern end of the square. The site was the original location of Mos­cow University, established as the first university of Russia.

A product of Pseudo-Russian school of architecture, the building borrowed deco­rative details from a range of ill-matchedsources, and the mechanical symmetry of its facade with twin towers contrasted with the anarchic splendour of St. Basil's Ca­thedral at the far end of the square. Sherwood wanted to use multi-coloured tiles here but had to settle for some sombre red brick.

* * *

The other face of the square is occupied by a really wonderful, almost unique building - the church of St. Basil,the "Stone Flower" of Red Square, surrounded by a wrought-iron fence. For many people this building with its celebrated cluster of multi-coloured onion domes epitomizes "Russia". Lermontov described the domes as being "scattered all over the building without symmetry or order like the off shoots of an old tree climbing over its bared roots." ("Они рассыпаны по всему зданию без симметрии, без порядка, как отрасли старого дерева, пресмыкающегося по обнаженным корням его". М. Лермонтов.)

Closer inspection, however, reveals the regularity of the design. The Tsar origi­nally wanted a Cathedral with eight chapels. The main chapel was to have been sur­roundedby seven others to represent the number of attempts made by his army to capture Kazan. The architect(s), however, insisted that for the sake of symmetry there must be nine chapels, and so the basic ground plan resembles an eight-point star with eight domed chapels - four large and four small. These are grouped alter­nately around the central chapel and connected by a covered gallery. The building was originally red brick with white details, and only in 1670 did itassume its pre­sent appearance while red prevails as the main colour, the gables are picked out in bright green and white. Most spectacularly, the domes were decorated with ribs in various patterns and colours. By comparison the interior is simple.

* * *

The monument to Kuzma Minin and DmitryPozharsky. now just next to

St. Basil's, stood originally in the middle of Red Square. Moscow's first monumen­tal sculpture, it commemorates the two heroes of the early I7C. The main in­scription reads "To citizen Minin and Prince Pozharsky from a grateful Russia."

Bas-reliefs on the plinth depict the citizens of Nizhniy Novgorod collecting funds for the patriotic struggle and the expulsion of the Poles. Although Ivan Martos, the author of the monument, lived two centuries after the described events, the subject matter was not alien tohim. He also said farewell to his sons who went tofight the invading Napoleon's army in 1812. The bas-relief facing the square shows a man bidding his sons farewell as they leave to join the people's army.

The face of the father is the sculptor's self-portrait.

* * *

The round structure between St. Basil's and GUM marks the Lobnoye Mesto.where state pronouncements were read. Executions took place on wooden scaffold­ing erected nearby. The noted architect M.F. Kozakov designed the present version ofthe LobnoyeMesto in the 1780s.

Упражнение II.Переведите текст 2 с повторениями, выполнив сначала уп­ражнения III и IV.

Текст 2

В 1521 году крымский и казанский ханы, внезапно напав на Москву, сожгли все до основания вокруг Кремля. Для защиты города при Василии III,сыне Ивана III,был разработан план постройки каменных укреплений Москвы. Эти укрепления бы­ли воздвигнуты Петраком Малым в 1535 - 1538 годах и получили название Китай-города. Они охватили огромную площадь размером в 69 гектаров. Высота стен была 9 метров, толщина от 5 до 6 метров. Башен насчитывалось 13.

Название "Китай-город", должно быть,произошло от слова "кита", как на­зывалась тогда плетеница (wattle), которую строители ставили по линии буду­щих стен.

С одной стороны Китай-город омывала Москва-река, с другой - Неглинная, а с восточной стороны был выкопан глубокий ров. Кремль, окруженный с двух сторон реками и рвом на Красной площади, превратился в остров.

Главная площадь Китай-города, нынешняя Красная площадь, лет через два­дцать после сооружения этих укреплений украсилась Покровским собором, ко­торый чаще называют "Василием Блаженным". Храм был воздвигнут в 1555 -1560 годах русскими зодчими по поручению Ивана IV в память о завоевании Казани.

Собор первоначально состоял из девяти церквей, но позже в него была до­бавлена десятая церковь (chapel) - место погребения почитавшегося юродивым Василия Блаженного. Отсюда и произошло название собора.

Лобное место когда-то былотрибуной города. По его ступеням, бывало,поднимались не только глашатаи, но и патриархи и цари. А позже у Лобного места начались казни.

В 1813 году Александр I приказалсломать кирпичную стену и засыпать ров на Красной площади. Зубчатые стены этого древнего укрепления, должно быть,и теперь находятся под землей. В 1817 году река Неглинная была заклю­чена в трубу (в подземный водовод), а над ней был разведен Александровс­кий сад.

В 1818 году Красная площадь украсилась еще одним великолепным памятником. На деньги, собранные по всей России, скульптор Иван Мартосизваял монумент "ГражданинуМинину и Князю Пожарскому". Иван Мартос стал первым скульпто­ром, который построил памятник в Москве, посвященный историческим событиям России

Упражнение Ш.Назовитерусские эквиваленты

То demolish, to invade a country, fortifications, to improve the town's defences, to erect a statue to smb's memory, explosion, picturesque, to create a lofty cathedral, crenellated walls, richly decorated, the dome of a church, Yurodiviy Vasily, to ex­plode, to fill in a deep moat, execution, to commission, to bury a river in a conduit, under the Alexander gardens, chapel, monumental sculpture, to build smthon peo­ple's money, to restore, restoration, during thereign of Ivan III, under Ivan IV, to set up a monument, noted architect, fortified area, to burn down a town to the ground, build smth under the superintendence of Italian architects, a strong wooden wall built round the Kremlin, for added protection, raid on, enclosed by a brick wall, historical document. Holy Fool, executions, to depose smb. magnificent, to knock down. Ca­thedral of Christ the Saviour, the Kitay-gorod, take up a vast territory, to dig a deep moat, to adorn oneself with, to dedicate to smth. to carry out mass executions, bas-refiefs, to date back to. noted architect, Holy Fool.

***

Wise men learn more from fools than fools from wise men.

(Marcus Parcius, 149 ВС)

Упражнение IV.Дайте английские эквиваленты.

Зубчатые стены Кремля, сжечь город дотла, в память о.., засыпать глубокий ров, при Иване IV, воздвигнуть каменные укрепления. Александровский сад; на деньги, собранные народом, историческое событие, казни, высота стен 10 метров, кремлевские башни, русские зодчие, приказать сломать стену, заключить реку в трубу (в водовод), воздвигнуть храм, укрепления, почитавшийся юродивый, изве­стный зодчий, изваять монумент, великолепные соборы, под надзором итальян­ских зодчих, разрушить старые деревянные кремлевские стены, налет татар на Москву, купол церкви, взрыв, иметь большое историческое значение, храм Христа Спасителя, Лобное место. Василий Блаженный, охватить огромную площадь, под-

земный водовод, украситься чем-л , вся Россия (люди), вся Москва (территория), ГУМ, еще в 12 веке, почитавшийся юродивый, мудрый.

No man can be wise on a hungry stomach.

Упражнение V.Переведите с листа следующие предложения (см. словарь урока).

1. They were charged by the police with causing a disturbance.

2. - The original ownerof the house was a Frenchman.

- Oh, yes! I can guess that.

3. - I hope the noise doesn't disturbyou.

- But it does.

4. Ambition and vanity are aliento him (честолюбие и тщеславие).
5. He confessedleaving the cigarette on the chair.

6. She confessed(that) she'd eaten all the cakes.

7. A unicornis an imaginary horse-like animal with one horn growing from its
forehead It's a mythical symbol of purity.

8. Literallymeans exactly as stated For instance: I took what he said literally, but
afterwards it became clear that he really meant something else.

9. He is up to his eyes in paperwork - figurativelyspeaking, of course.

10. The spectators fledin panic when the bull got loose.

11. 'God's Fool is an idiot believed to possess divine gift of prophecy.

12. Superstition is a belief which is not based on reason or tact but on old ideas
about luck, magic, etc.

13. It's common superstition that black cats are unlucky
!4. Proclamation is an official public statement.

15. The whole article was based on rumour.

16. Rumour has it (= people are saying) that Jean is getting married again.

17. He dedicated his firstbook to his mother.

18. To excavate is to make a hole by digging or to uncover something under the
earth by digging

19. The excavation of the buried city took a long time

20. - Do you know what archaeologist excavated the ancient city of Troy?

- It was Heinrich Schliemann, a German archaeologist who discovered the site of ancient Troy.

21. A platformis a place where speakers can express their views publicly.

Упражнение VI.Переведите текст с листа по абзацам до знаков *** с пред­варительным чтением абзаца вслух

Текст 3

The huge Red Square was firstopened up at the end of the 15C; since the 17C it has been called Krasnaya Plostchad, the original meaning ot which was "Beautiful Square."

Not only did the square develop as one of the commercial centers of Moscow, it was also the scene of popular disturbancesand manifestations and of state procla-mations and repression Here in 1550 the young Ivan IV confessed his shortcom­ingsto the people, but at the same place were perpetrated some of the worst excesses of his Oprichina.

* * *

During the "Time of Troubles" the body of the murdered "False Dmitry" was dis­played in Red Square, and here Vasily Shuysky was both proclaimed Tsar and de­posed The late-17th century was also a time of social unrest, and as an object lesson to Cossack rebels, Stephan Rasin, who led a peasant revolt, was drawn along the street, now named Ul. Rasina, and quartered in Red Square in 1671. The final to this grim era came in 1698when Peter I carried out a mass execution of the Streltsy who had revolted while he was visitingWestern Europe, the scene was depicted in a

painting by Surikov.

* * *

Although Red Square was still used for religious and state processions in the 18C and I9Cit had lost its political importance, and by 1914it was used as a market dur­ing the weekend before Easier. The year 1917 marked the return of the Square to the center of Russian history.Red Square has become world famous (or the great popu­lar demonstrations and military parades held on May Day and on 7 November, the anniversary of the Revolution. Particularly significant was the parade of 7 November 1941 when tanks rumbled through the Square and then directly off to the front line Four years after tins, on 24 June 1945, a great victory parade took place in which So­viet servicemen who arrived horn all the fronts symbolically threw down on the pavement wet with pouring rainhundreds of captured Nazi standardsincluding the

one that had been Hitler's.

***

Various proposals to alter the square fortunately remained unrealised. There was a pre-revolutionary project to rout an elevated railway through Red Square, and later the visionary Russian architect Leonidov suggested putting up here a 50-storey monumental building in the form of a huge factory chimney.

Упражнение VII.Переведите текст с повторениями

Текст 4

Известно, что в 1936 году московский реставратор Петр Барановский объявил голодовку в связи с появившимися слухами о предстоящем сносе "Василия Блажен­ного", которому предстояло испытать судьбу храма Христа Спасителя Согласно "Генеральному плану реконструкции Москвы" должны были быть снесены не толь­ко ГУМ, но также Исторический музей. Лобное место, памятник Минину и Пожар­скому. Красная площадь должна была расшириться в несколько раз.

Если бы разработанный план новой Красной площади был воплощен в жизнь, Москвалишилась бы множества памятников архитектуры иистории И все же потери площадь понесла {Use an emphatic constitution). Стоявший на ней Казанский собор, воздвигнутый князем Дмитрием Пожарским, был сломан, как и стоявшие вблизи Иверские ворота и стены Китай-города. (В настоящее время собор и Иверские ворота полностью восстановлены )

Упражнение VIII.Переведите беседу с листа, а затем - под диктовку

Q: Just offthe Kremlin we saw a handsome structure painted blue, with a very fine Gothic facade Is it a private house?

A: Certainly not. The house was the printing-office of the Holy Synod (Pechatny Dvor). It was built in the 15th century. The present building was almost entirely re­constructed, but the original architectural features were carefully reproduced.

In the library is preserved the very first book - "Acts of Apostles" - that was ever printed in Russia

Q: Who is the founder of Russian printing?

A: The historic work was printed by a deacon named Ivan Fedorov.It is printed in large type, clear and good. Ivan Fedorov died in poverty, forgotten by his genera­tion in the town ofLviv.

Q: Why did he forsake Moscow¹?

* * *

A: The press was attacked and burnt by a superstitious mob and Fedorov was forced to flee first to Lithuania and later to Lviv.

And now let's go and see the statue erected to his memory I believe the monu­ment by S.M. Volnukhin (1909) is one of the most attractive in Moscow The statue. as you see, is set high on a bank. The date on the base, 19 April 1563. waswhen the printing of the "Apostle" began in the nearby Pechatny Dvor.

1983 marked the 400th anniversary of Ivan Fedorov's death, which on UNESCO's decision was commemorated world-wide.

There's another building nottar tram here which may be interesting tor you tosee, Let's go there.

Over its main entrance you may see a figure of alion and a unicorn.Since the walls of the building are green whereas the lion and the unicorn are white, they stand out well.

Q: Why the lion and why the unicorn of all the figureshere, in Russia?

A: I have never been able to get any true account why they were placed here. I asked professor Zabelin, who is an authority on ancient Moscow, and his sug­gestion was that the building originally belonged to the Romanov family and they must have put their family crest,the lion,and then added the unicorn tomake it look more symmetrical

Q: For the sake of symmetry' It's rather difficultto swallow this version.

A: I agree with you.

You might be also interested to see the 400-room Metropol Hotel built by a Brit­ish subject- architect Wilcott It represents a fine example of the style modern and is still regarded as one of the best in Moscow. The decoration includes mosaic by Vru-bel "Printsessa Gryoza."

* * *

Q:Have you got any historical monuments erected which remind you ofthe Rus­sian triumphant victory over the Napoleon army ?

A: We certainly have because the Fatherland War of 1812 was one ofthe great episodes in Russian history Among the memorials to this struggle are a huge circular panorama-painting ofthe battle at Borodino and Triumphal arches in St. Petersburg and Moscow The enormous and most lofty Cathedral ofChrist the Saviour, which dominated Moscow until its demolition in the 1930s, was another monument to this war, built on people's money.

Well, it we go to Razinstreet now we'll see the Old English Inn, dating back 400 years ago. The building was granted by Ivan the Terrible to English mer­chants who actively traded with Russia. Travellers and diplomats stayed there be­sides merchants. Some ofthem left notes ofhistorical value describing their lite in Moscow. The inn itself is typically British.

Упражнение IX. Переведите тексты 5, 6, 7 с повторениями.

Текст 5

НЕГЛИНКУ, ВОЗМОЖНО, ВЕРНУТ НА ЗЕМЛЮ

Московскими диггерами (специалистами по подземельям) на Манежной площади и середине июля был найден знаменитый Воскресенский мост, построенный в 1602 году при Иване Грозном. В 1817- 1819 годах Воскре­сенский мост засыпали, а речку Неглинную заключили в трубы: Москва ре­конструировалась. Л диггеры готовят проект туристического маршрута по реке Неглинной, которую хотят снова вернуть на землю.

"Удивительно, но в раскопках моста нам помог Сигизмундовплан Москвы, да­тированный XVII веком, - рассказывает руководитель группы диггеров Вадим Ми­хайлов - Мы собираемся открыть часть русла Неглинки, находящуюся под Алек­сандровским садом, а оставшуюся подземную часть превратить в историко-куль­турный заповедник"

Также планируется прямо под землей построить ресторан и видеобар, где можно будет посмотреть фильмы о подземной Москве. Хочешь сфотографиро­ваться на память - пожалуйста, тебя ждут фотографы, а за более высокую плату можно будет приобрести видеокассету с собственным путешествием

Михайлов уверяет, что при более широком финансировании "подземных идей" можно проложить туристические тропы не только по рекам (а их, кстати, под Моск­вой более 150). но и по сухим подземельям.