Exercise 20. Insert the necessary word. Consult the text.

1. Technology is often … of science and engineering.

2. The … knowledge may be used by engineers to create … and machines.

3. Science is the reasoned … or study of phenomena, aimed at discovering enduring principles among elements of the phenomenal world by employing scientific … .

4. In immediate wake of World War II in the United States it was widely considered that technology was simply "… science" and that to fund basic science was to … technological results in due time.

5. The development of … may draw upon many fields of knowledge, including scientific, engineering, mathematical, linguistic, and historical knowledge, to … some practical result.

6. Technologies are not usually exclusively products of science, because they have to satisfy … such as utility, … and safety.

(achieve, technology, to reep, usability, method, consequence, applied,

new-found, requirement, tools, investigation).

Exercise 21. Find the meaning of each word.

1. способность	a) opportunity, b) ability, с) difficulty, d) property
2.значение	a)understanding, b) beginning, c) meaning, d) opening
3. повреждать	a) to injure, b) to kill, c) to explode, d) to abolish
4. избегать	a) to threaten, b) to expect, c) to avoid, d) to deserve
5. заслуживать	a) to respect, b) to encourage, c) to occur, d)to deserve
6. выбирать	a) to choose, b) to offer, c) to develop, d) to install
7. выигрывать	a) to grow, b) to need, c) to win, d) to build
8. отмена, упразднение	a) consideration, b) education, с) competition, d) abolition
9. шахта	a) site, b) mine, c) field, d) tube
10. оправдывать	a) to justify, b) to threaten, c) to cause, d)introduce

Exercise 22. Find the synonym of each word.

1. plenty of	a) much, b) little, с) enough, d) few
2. to occur	a) to injure, b) to avoid, c) to happen, d) to justify
3. to make	a) to choose, b) to do, c) to master, d) to win
4. believe	a) to respect b) to abolish, c) to deserve, d) consider
5. to care	a) to like, b) to encourage, c) to govern, d) to use
6.to come back	a) to leave, b) to return, c) to retreat, d) to avoid
7. too	a) while, b) almost, c) again, d) also

Exercise 23. Find the words with similar meanings.

seldom	peace
excellent	to open
plenty of	now
never	busy
useless	to leave
to come back	rich
full	empty
easy	difficult
poor	often
then	usefull
war	always
to close	bad
free	little
to offer	to refuse

Exercise 24. Read and translate the following word combinations into Russian.

to care for children	to have an excellent opportunity
while he was translating the article	to win victory
scientific research work	to be injured at the car accident
to be a famous scientist	to invest the capital into the new fields of industry
it occurred during the war	to master two foreign languages
to come back late	to choose the best translation
to see something with one's own eyes	to avoid driving during rush hours
to think about the meaning of life	the explosion occurred in the old mine
to justify one's hopes	to use explosive materials for the experiment
to find the meaning of the new word	to work in the mine
to be seldom free	the threat of nuclear war
to achieve excellent results	to encourage one's initiative
to be a really good doctor	to respect old people
to have plenty of tree time	to deserve a good mark for the answer
to believe in progress	to win the first prize at the championship

Exercise 25. Play the game.

Word Bingo

Look at the list of words given below. Write down any five words. The teacher is going to read the definitions of all the words in' random order. If you hear the definition of one of the words you have chosen, cross it out. The first student to cross out all the words he or she has chosen calls out “Bingo” and reads the words to prove his/her claim.

Words: foot, language, examination, physics, explanation, mathematics, traffic, invention, history, nature, achievement, time, steam coal, tunnel, sandwich, experience, experiment, speed, accident, clay, science, discovery, railway, problem.

Exercise 26. Read the text again and divide it into four parts. Give titles to these parts choosing the most suitable from the list below:

1. The childhood and youth of Alfred Nobel.

2. The career of Alfred Nobel's father.

3. The contrasts in the life of Alfred Nobel.

4. The life ideals of Alfred Nobel.

5. Alfred Nobel as a scientist.

6. Alfred Nobel's will.

7. Nobel prize winners.