EXERCISE 4 Insert the omitted word from the text

1. When pressures in the __________have fallen to the point where a well will not produce by __________, some method of __________ must be used.

2. The __________ is a complete set of surface equipment necessary to impart an__________ to the sucker-rod string, to which the __________ is con­nected.

3. Speed reduction between the __________ and the __________ is accomplished by a combination of a V-belt drive and gear reducer.

4. The __________ is lifted by means of a cable looped over the horsehead and connected to the carrier bar to support the __________ clamp.

5. __________wells need a means of sealing off the pressure inside the tubing to prevent leakage of __________ and __________ outside the polished rod.

Prime mover, bottom-hole pump, rod string, liquid, polished-rod, natural energy, oil reservoir, pumping unit, artificial lift, up-and-down motion, gas, pitman crank, pumping.

EXERCISE 5 Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones with the right information and discuss your answers with a partner.

1. Method of artificial lift uses low -pressure gas to lift the oil from the reservoir.

2. With an engine of 6000 revolutions per minute (RPM), a speed reduction ratio of 30 to 1 is necessary to operate the unit at 20 strokes per minute.

3. The rod string is lifted by means of a cable looped over the horsehead and connected to the carrier bar to support the polished-rod clamp.

4. A set of weights, attached to the crank, coun­terbalances the weight of the rods and part of the weight of the fluid, which are suspend­ed from the opposite end of the walking beam and helps the power plant fall rods and fluid on the downstroke.

5. Stuffing boxes consist of flexible mate­rial or packing housed in a box, which provides a method of compressing the packing.

EXERCISE 6 Connect the terms with their definitions.

1. Artificial lift	a) a down-hole oil pump located on the bottom of the tub­ing on a beam well. The sucker-rod pump is activated by the sucker-rod string rising and falling in the tubing thus pulling plunger up and down.
2. Natural lift	b) a tool used to measure temperature in a well at a specific depth.
3. Pressure differential	c) a mechanical method that is used to assist in lifting crude oil in a well to the surface. The most common methods are sucker-rod pump, hydraulic pump, gas lift and electric submersible pump.
4. Bottom-hole thermometer	d) the flow of formation fluids out of a well without artificial lift. The reservoir pressure is sufficient to lift the fluids to the surface.
5. Sucker-rod pump	e) difference between pressures in the well bore and reser­voir or in the well bore intervals.

EXERCISE 7 Make up your own sentences using the following words:

Beam pump, injection, thermal processes, sucker-rod pump, gas-to-liquid ratio, pressure.

EXERCISE 8 Translate into English in written form.

1. Скважинные насосы подразделяются на три группы: глубинные насосы, спускаемые в скважину на колонне штанг, глубинные насосы, которые работают в результате воздействия высокого давления скважинных флюидов, глубинные центробежные насосы.

2. Метод механизированной добычи – это метод, при котором для поднятия пластовой нефти используется газ под высоким давлением.

3. Снижение скорости между первичным двигателем и рычагом соединительной тяги осуществляется при помощи клиноременной передачи в комбинации с редуктором.

4. Коленчатый рычаг поворачивается низкоскоростным валом редуктора.

5. Нагрузка на коленчатом рычаге или одном конце балансира служит противовесом для колонны штанг и части жидкости на другом конце балансира и помогает силовой установке поднимать штанги и жидкость при ходе поршня вверх.

6. Гидравлический сальник изготовляется из гибкого материала или набивки, которая находится в корпусе, что позволяет уплотнять набивку.

7. Набивку сальника заменяют по мере износа.

EXERCISE 9 Read and translate the texts.

TEXT 1